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it； on condition of joining the king and becoming his men。 He met no opposition until he came to Orkadal。 There a crowd of people had assembled； and he had his first battle with a king called Gryting。 Harald won the victory； and King Gryting was made prisoner； and most of his people killed。 He took service himself under the king； and swore fidelity to him。 Thereafer all the people in Orkadal district went under King Harald； and became his men。
6。 KING HARALD S LAWS FOR LAND PROPERTY。
King Harald made this law over all the lands he conquered； that all the udal property should belong to him； and that the bondes； both great and small； should pay him land dues for their possessions。 Over every district he set an earl to judge according to the law of the land and to justice； and also to collect the land dues and the fines； and for this each earl received a third part of the dues； and services； and fines； for the support of his table and other expenses。 Each earl had under him four or more herses； each of whom had an estate of twenty marks yearly income bestowed on him and was bound to support twenty men…at…arms； and the earl sixty men； at their own expenses。 The king had increased the land dues and burdens so much； that each of his earls had greater power and income than the kings had before； and when that became known at Throndhjem； many great men joined the king and took his service。
7。 BATTLE IN GAULARDAL。
It is told that Earl Hakon Grjotgardson came to King Harald from Yrjar； and brought a great crowd of men to his service。 Then King Harald went into Gaulardal； and had a great battle； in which he slew two kings； and conquered their dominions； and these were Gaulardal district and Strind district。 He gave Earl Hakon Strind district to rule over as earl。 King Harald then proceeded to Stjoradal； and had a third battle； in which he gained the victory； and took that district also。 There upon the Throndhjem people assembled； and four kings met together with their troops。 The one ruled over Veradal； the second over Skaun； third over the Sparbyggja district； and the fourth over Eyin Idre （Inderoen）； and this latter had also Eyna district。 These four kings marched with their men against King Harald； but he won the battle； and some of these kings fell； and some fled。 In all； King Harald fought at the least eight battles； and slew eight kings； in the Throndhjem district； and laid the whole of it under him。
8。 HARALD SEIZES NAUMUDAL DISTRICT。
North in Naumudal were two brothers； kings； Herlaug and Hrollaug； and they had been for three summers raising a mound or tomb of stone and lime and of wood。 Just as the work was finished； the brothers got the news that King Harald was coming upon them with his army。 Then King Herlaug had a great quantity of meat and drink brought into the mound； and went into it himself； with eleven companions； and ordered the mound to be covered up。 King Hrollaug； on the contrary； went upon the summit of the mound； on which the kings were wont to sit； and made a throne to be erected； upon which he seated himself。 Then he ordered feather…beds to be laid upon the bench below； on which the earls were wont to be seated； and threw himself down from his high seat or throne into the earl's seat； giving himself the title of earl。 Now Hrollaug went to meet King Harald； gave up to him his whole kingdom； offered to enter into his service； and told him his whole proceeding。 Then took King Harald a sword； fastened it to Hrollaug's belt； bound a shield to his neck； and made him thereupon an earl； and led him to his earl's seat； and therewith gave him the district Naumudal； and set him as earl over it （（A。D。 866））。 （1）
ENDNOTES： （1） Before writing was in general use； this symbolical way of performing all important legal acts appears to have entered into the jurisprudence of all savage nations； and according to Gibbon； chap。 44； 〃the jurisprudence of the first Romans exhibited the scenes of a pantomime； the words were adapted to the gestures； and the slightest error or neglect in the forms of proceeding was sufficient to annul the substance of the fairest claims。〃 Ed。
9。 KING HARALD'S HOME AFFAIRS。
King Harald then returned to Throndhjem； where he dwelt during the winter； and always afterwards called it his home。 He fixed here his head residence； which is called Lade。 This winter he took to wife Asa； a daughter of Earl Hakon Grjotgardson； who then stood in great favour and honour with the king。 In spring the king fitted out his ships。 In winter he had caused a great frigate （a dragon） to be built； and had it fitted…out in the most splendid way； and brought his house…troops and his berserks on board。 The forecastle men were picked men； for they had the king's banner。 From the stem to the mid…hold was called rausn； or the fore…defence； and there were the berserks。 Such men only were received into King Harald's house…troop as were remarkable for strength； courage； and all kinds of dexterity； and they alone got place in his ship； for he had a good choice of house…troops from the best men of every district。 King Harald had a great army； many large ships； and many men of might followed him。 Hornklofe； in his poem called 〃Glymdrapa〃； tells of this； and also that King Harald had a battle with the people of Orkadal； at Opdal forest； before he went upon this expedition。
〃O'er the broad heath the bowstrings twang； While high in air the arrows sang。 The iron shower drives to flight The foeman from the bloody fight。 The warder of great Odin's shrine； The fair…haired son of Odin's line； Raises the voice which gives the cheer； First in the track of wolf or bear。 His master voice drives them along To Hel a destined； trembling throng； And Nokve's ship； with glancing sides； Must fly to the wild ocean's tides。 Must fly before the king who leads Norse axe…men on their ocean steeds。〃
10。 BATTLE AT SOLSKEL
King Harald moved out with his army from Throndhjem； and went southwards to More。 Hunthiof was the name of the king who ruled over the district of More。 Solve Klofe was the name of his son； and both were great warriors。 King Nokve； who ruled over Raumsdal； was the brother of Solve's mother。 Those chiefs gathered a great force when they heard of King Harald； and came against him。 They met at Solskel； and there was a great battle； which was gained by King Harald （A。D。 867）。 Hornklofe tells of this battle：
〃Thus did the hero known to fame； The leader of the shields； whose name Strikes every heart with dire dismay； Launch forth his war…ships to the fray。 Two kings he fought； but little strife Was needed to cut short their life。 A clang of arms by the sea…shore； And the shields' sound was heard no more。〃
The two kings were slain； but Solve escaped by flight； and King Harald laid both districts under his power。 He stayed here long in summer to establish law and order for the country people； and set men to rule them； and keep them faithful to him； and in autumn he prepared to return northwards to Throndhjem。 Ragnvald Earl of More； a son of Eystein Glumra； had the summer before become one of Harald's men； and the king set him as chief over these two districts； North More and Raumsdal； strengthened him both with men of might and bondes； and gave him the help of ships to defend the coast against enemies。 He was called Ragnvald the Mighty； or the Wise； and people say both names suited him well。 King Harald came back to Throndhjem about winter。
11。 FALL OF KINGS ARNVID AND AUDBJORN。
The following spring （A。D。 868） King Harald raised a great force in Throndhjem； and gave out that he would proceed to South More。 Solve Klofe had passed the winter in his ships of war； plundering in North More； and had killed many of King Harald's men； pillaging some places； burning others； and making great ravage； but sometimes he had been； during the winter； with his friend King Arnvid in South More。 Now when he heard that King Harald was come with ships and a great army； he gathered people； and was strong in men…at…arms； for many thought they had to take vengeance of King Harald。 Solve Klofe went southwards to Firdafylke （the Fjord district）； which King Audbjorn ruled over； to ask him to help； and join his force to King Arnvid's and his own。 〃For；〃 said he； 〃it is now clear that we all have but one course to take； and that is to rise； all as one man； against King Harald； for we have strength enough； and fate must decide the victory； for as to the other condition of becoming his servants； that is no condition for us； who are not less noble than Harald。 My father thought it better to fall in battle for his kingdom； than to go willingly into King Harald's service； or not to abide the chance of weapons like the Naumudal kings。〃 King Solve's speech was such that King Audbjorn promised his help； and gathered a great force together and went with it to King Arnvid； and they had a great army。 Now； they got news that King Harald was come from the north； and they met within Solskel。 And it was the custom to lash the ships together； stem t