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insensibly spreading among all the troops。 。 。 。 The troops are
all in a state of gangrene； while all the municipalities oppose the
orders they receive concerning the movements of troops。〃
＇38＇ 〃Archives Nationales；〃 H；1453。 Correspondence of M。 de
Bercheny； July 12； 1790。
＇39＇ 〃Mémoire Justificatif〃 （by Grégoire）； on behalf of two
soldiers； Emery and Delisle。 … De Bouillé； 〃Mémoires。〃 … De
Dampmartin； I。128； 144。 … 〃Archives Nationales；〃 KK； 1105；
Correspondence of M。 de Thiard； July 2 and 9； 1790。 … Moniteur；
sittings of September 3 and June 4； 1790。
＇40＇ De Bouillé； p。 127。 … Moniteur； sitting of August 6； 1790；
and that of May 27； 1790。 … Full details in authentic documents
of the affair at Nancy； passim。 … Report of M。 Emmery； August 16；
1790； and other documents in Buchez and Roux； VII。 59…162。 … De
Bezancenet； p。35。 Letters of M。 de Dommartin （Metz； August 4；
1790）。 〃The Federation there passed off quietly； only； a short time
after； some soldiers of a regiment took it into their heads to
divide the （military） fund； and at once placed sentinels at the door
of the officer having charge of the chest； compelling him to open it
（désacquer）。 Another regiment has since put all its officers under
arrest。 A third has mutinied； and wanted to take all its horses to
the market…place and sell them。 。 。 。 Everywhere the soldiers are
heard to say that if they want money they know where to find it。〃
＇41＇ 〃Archives Nationales；〃 F7； 3215； letters of the Royal
Commissioners； September 27； October 1； 4； 8； 11； 1790。 the
commencement of the Revolution； had most to do with the
insurrections in the interior。 〃What means can four commissioners
employ to convince 20；000 men； most of whom are seduced by the real
enemies of the public welfare？ In consequence of the replacing of
the men the crews are； for the most part； composed of those who are
almost ignorant of the sea； who know nothing of the rules of
subordination； and who； at the commencement of the Revolution； had
most to do with the insurrections in the interior。〃
＇42＇ Mercure de France。 October 2； 1790。 Letter of the Admiral； M。
d'Albert de Rioms； September 16。 The soldiers of the Majestueux
have refused to drill； and the sailors of the Patriote to obey。 …
〃I wished to ascertain beforehand if they had any complaint to make
against their captain？ … No。 … If they complained of myself？ …
No。 … If they had any complaints to make against their officers ？
… No。 … It is the revolt of one class against another class；
their sole cry is 'Vive la Nation et les Aristocrates à la
lanterne！' The mob have set up a gibbet before the house of M。 de
Marigny； major…general of marines； he has handed in his resignation。
M。 d'Albert tenders his resignation。〃 … Ibid； June 18； 1791
（letter from Dunkirk； June 3）。
＇43＇ De Dampmartin； I。 222； 219。 Mercure de France； September 3；
1791。 （Sitting of August 23。） … Cf。 Moniteur （same date）。 〃The
Ancient Régime；〃 p。377。
＇44＇ Marshal Marmont； 〃Mémoires；〃 I。 24。 〃The sentiment I
entertained for the person of the King is difficult to define。 。 。
（It was） a sentiment of devotion of an almost religious character； a
profound respect as if due to a being of a superior order。 At this
time the word king possessed a magic power in all pure and upright
hearts which nothing had changed。 This delicate sentiment 。 。 。
still existed in the mass of the nation； especially among the well…
born； who； sufficiently remote from power； were rather impressed by
its brilliancy than by its imperfections。〃 De Bezancenet； 27。
Letter of M。 de Dommartin； August 24； 1790。 〃We have just renewed
our oath。 I hardly know what it all means。 I； a soldier； know only
my King； in reality I obey two masters； who； we are told； will
secure my happiness and that of my brethren； if they agree
together。〃
＇45＇ De Dampmartin； I。 179。 See the details of his resignation
（III。 185） after June 20； 1792。 … Mercure de France； April 14；
1792。 Letter from the officers of the battalion of the Royal
chasseurs of Provence （March 9）。 They are confined to their
barracks by their soldiers； who refuse to obey their orders； and
they declare that； on this account； they abandon the service and
leave France。
＇46＇ Rousset； 〃Les Volontaires de 1791 à 1794； p。 106。 Letter of
M。 de Biron to the minister （August； 1792）； p。225； letter of Vezu；
commander of the 3rd battalion of Paris； to the army of the north
（July 24； 1793）。 … 〃A Residence in France from 1792 to 1795〃
（September； 1792。 Arras）。 See notes at the end of vol。 II。 for
the details of these violent proceedings。
＇47＇ Mercure de France； March 5； June 4； September 3； October 22；
1791。 （Articles by Mallet du Pan。 … Ibid。 ； April 14； 1792。 More
than six hundred naval officers resigned after the mutiny of the
squadron at Brest。 〃Twenty…two grave revolts in the ports on
shipboard remained unpunished； and several of them through the
decisions of the naval jury。〃 〃There is no instance of any
insurrection； in the ports or on shipboard； or any outrage upon a
naval officer； having been punished。 。 。 。 It is not necessary
to seek elsewhere for the causes of the abandonment of the service
by naval officers。 According to their letters all offer their lives
to France； but refuse to command those who will not obey。〃
＇48＇ This was done by Hitler against the Jews and by the Communists
against their 〃enemy〃 the bourgeois。 （SR。）
＇49＇ Duvergier； 〃Decrees of August 1…6； 1791； February 9…11； 1792；
March 30 to April 8； 1792； July 24…28； 1792； March 28 to April 5；
1793。〃 … Report by Roland； January 6； 1793。 He estimates this
property at 4；800 millions； of which 1；800 millions must he de…
ducted for the creditors of the emigrants； 3；000 millions remain。
Now； at this date； the assignats are at a discount of 55 per cent。
from their nominal figure。
＇50＇ Mercure de France；； February 18； 1792。
＇51＇ Already Tacitus noted some 2000 years ago that； 〃It is part of
human nature to hate the man you have hurt。〃 （SR。）
＇52＇ Cf。 on this general attitude of the clergy； Sauzay； V。 I。
and the whole of V。 II。 … Mercure de France； September 10； 1791：
〃No impartial man will fail to see that； in the midst of this
oppression； amidst so many fanatical charges of which the reproach
of fanaticism and revolt is the pretext； not one act of resistance
has yet been manifest。 Informers and municipal bodies； governed by
clubs； have caused a large number of non…jurors to be cast into
dungeons。 All have come out of them； or groan there untried； and no
tribunal has found any of them guilty。〃 … Report of M。 Cahier；
Minister of the Interior； February 18； 1792。 He declares that 〃he
had no knowledge of any priest being convicted by the courts as a
disturber of the public peace； although several had been accused。〃
… Moniteur May 6； 1792。 （Report of Fran？ais de Nantes） 〃Not one
has been punished for thirty months。〃
＇53＇ On these spontaneous brutal acts of the Catholic peasants； cf。
〃Archives Nationales；〃 F7； 3236 （Lozère； July…November； 1791）。
Deliberation of the district of Florac； July 6； 1791； and the
official statement of the commissioner of the department on the
disturbances in Espagnac。 On the 5th of July； Richard； a
constitutional curé； calls upon the municipality to proceed to his
installation。 〃The ceremony could not take place； owing to the
hooting； of the women and children； and the threats of various
persons who exclaimed： 'Kill him！ strangle him； he is a Protestant；
is married； and has children；' and owing to the impossibility of
entering the church； the doors of which were obstructed by the large
number of women standing in front of them：〃… On the 6th of July； he
is installed； but with difficulty。 〃Inside the church a crowd of
women uttered loud cries and bemoaned the removal of their old curé
On returning； in the streets； a large number of women； unsettled by
the sight of the constitutional cure； turned their faces aside 。 。
。 and contented themselves with uttering disjointed words 。 …
without doing anything more than cover their faces with their
bonnets； casting themselves on the ground。〃 … July 15。 The clerk
will no longer serve at the mass nor ring the bells； the curé；
Richard； attempting to ring them himself； the people threaten him
with ill…treatment if he runs the risk。 … September 8； 1791。
Letter from the curé of Fau； district of Saint…Chély。 〃That night I
was on the brink of death through a troop of bandits who took my
parsonage away from me； after having broken in the doors and
windows。〃 … December 30； 1791。 Another curé who goes to take
possession of his parsonage is assailed with stones by sixty women；
and thus pursued beyond the limits of the parish 。 … August 5；
1791。 Petition of the constitutional bishop of Me