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＇40＇ Sanzay； I。 224 （November； 1790）。 At Besan？on； out of 266
monks； 〃79 only showed any loyalty to their engements or any
affection for their calling。〃 Others preferred to abandon it；
especially all the Dominicans but five； all but one of the bare
footed Carmelites； and all the Grand Carmelites。 The same
disposition is apparent throughout the department； as； for instance；
with the Benedictines of Cluny except one； all the Minimes but
three； all the Capuchins but five； the Bernandins； Dominicans； and
Augustins； all preferring to leave。 Montalembert； 〃Les Moines
d'Occident；〃 introduction； pp。 105…164。 Letter of a Benedictine of
Saint…Germain…des…Prés to a Benedictine of Vannes。 〃Of all the
members of your congregation which come here to lodge； I have
scarcely found one capable of edifying us。 You may probably say the
same of those who came to you from our place。〃 Cf。 in the
〃Mémoires〃 of Merlin de Thionville the description of the Chartreuse
of Val St。 Pierre。
＇41＇ Ch。 Guerin； 〃Revue des Questions Historiques〃 （July 1； 1875；
April 1； 1876）。 Abbé Guettée； 〃Histoire de l'Eglise de France；〃
XII； 128。 （〃Minutes of the meeting of l'Assemblée du Clergé；〃 in
1780。） 〃Archives nationales；〃 official reports and memorandums of
the States…General in 1789。 The most obnoxious proceeding to the
chiefs of the order is the postponement of the age at which vows may
be taken； it being； in their view； the ruin of their institutions。
〃The Ancient Régime；〃 p。 403。
＇42＇ In order for a modern uninstructed non…believing reader to
understand the motivation which moved thousands of self…less
sisters and brothers to do their useful and kind work read St。
Matthew chapter 25； verses 31 to 46 where Jesus predicts how he will
sit in judgment on mankind and separate the sheep from the goats。 （SR。）
＇43＇ 〃The Ancient Régime；〃 P。33 Cf。 Guerin 〃The monastery of the
Trois…Rois； in the north of Franche…Comté； founded four villages
collected from foreign colonists。 It is the only center of charity
and civilization in a radius of three leagues。 It took care of two
hundred of the sick in a recent epidemic； it lodges the troops which
pass from Alsace into Franche…Comté； and in the late hailstorm it
supplied the whole neighborhood with food。〃
＇44＇ Moniteur； sitting of February 13；1790。 （Speech of the Abbé de
Montesquiou）。 Archives Nationales；〃 papers of the
Ecclesiastical Committee； DXIX。 6； Visitation de Limoges； DXIX。
25； Annonciades de Saint…Denis； ibid。 Annonciades de Saint Amour；
Ursulines d'Auch； de Beaulieu； d'Eymoutier； de la Ciotat； de Pont
Saint…Esprit； Hospitalières d'Ernée； de Laval； Sainte Claire de
Laval； de Marseilles； etc。 〃
＇45＇ Sauzay； I。 247。 Out of three hundred and seventy…seven nuns
at Doubs； three hundred and fifty…eight preferred to remain as they
were； especially at Pontarlier； all the Bernardines； Annonciades；
and Ursulines； at Besan？on； all the Carmelites； the Visitandines；
the Annonciades； the Clarisses； the Sisters of Refuge； the Nuns of
the Saint…Esprit and； save one； all the Benedictine Nuns。
＇46＇ 〃Archives Nationales。〃 Papers of the Ecclesiastical Committee；
passim。 Suzay； I。 51。 Statistics of France for 1866。
＇47＇ In 1993 this number has once more fallen； and continues to
fall； to 55 900。 〃Quid〃； 1996 page 623。 （SR。）
＇48＇ Felix Rocquain； 〃La France aprés le 18 Brumaire。〃 （Reports of
the Councillors of State dispatched on this service； passim）。
＇49＇ Moniteur； October 24； 1789。 （Speech of Dupont de Nemours。） All
these speeches； often more fully reported and with various
renderings； may be found in 〃Les Archives Parlementaires；〃 1st
series； vols。 VIII。 and IX。
＇50＇ Duvergier； decree of June 14…17； 1791。 〃The annihilation of
every corporation of citizens of any one condition or profession
being on of the foundation…stones of the French constitution； it is
forbidden to re…establish these de…facto under any pretext or form
whatever。 Citizens of a like condition or profession； such as
contractors； shopkeepers； workmen of all classes； and associates in
any art whatever shall not； on assembling together； appoint either
president； or secretaries； or syndics； discuss or pass resolutions；
or frame any regulations in relation to their assumed common
interests。〃
＇51＇ Moniteur； sitting of November 2nd； 1789。
＇52＇ Moniteur； sitting of February 12； 1790。 Speeches of Dally
d'Agier and Barnave。
＇53＇ Moniteur； sitting of August 10； 1789。 Speech by Garat；
February 12； 1790； speech by Pétion； October 30； 1789； speech by
Thouret。
＇54＇ Moniteur； sitting of November 2； 1789。 Speech by Chapelier；
October 24； 1789； speech by Garat； October 30； 1789； speech by
Mirabeau； and the sitting of August 10； 1789。
＇55＇ Moniteur； sitting of October 23； 1789。 Speech by Thouret。
＇56＇ Moniteur； sitting of October 23； 1789。 Speech by Treilhard；
October24th； speech by Garat； October 30； speech by Mirabeau。 On
the 8th of August； 1789； Al。 de Lameth says in the tribune： 〃When
an foundation was set up； it is to the nation； which the grant was
given。〃
＇57＇ Duvergier； laws of August 18； 1792； August 8…14； 1793； July 11；
1794； July 14； 1792； August 24； 1793。
＇58＇ Moniteur； sitting of July 31； 1792。 Speech of M。 Boistard；
the property of the hospitals； at this time was estimated at eight
hundred millions。 Already in 1791 （sitting of January 30th） M。
de Larochefoucauld…Liancourt said to the Assembly： Nothing will more
readily restore confidence to the poor than to see the nation
assuming the right of rendering them assistance。〃 He proposes to
decree； accordingly； that all hospitals and places of beneficence he
placed under the control of the nation。 （Mercure； February 12；
1791。）
＇59＇ Moniteur； sitting of August 10； 1789。 Speech by Sieyès。
The figures given here are deduced from the statistics already given
in the 〃Ancient Régime。〃
＇60＇ Moniteur； v。 571。sitting of September 4； 1790。 Report of the
Committee on Finances V。 675； sitting of September 17； 1790。
Report by Necker。
＇61＇ A Revolutionary Government promissory bank note。 （SR。）
＇62＇ Sauzay； I。 228 （from October 10； 1790； to February 20； 1791）。
〃The total weight of the spoil of the monastic establishments in
gold； silver； and plated ware； sent to the Mint amounted to more
than 525 kilograms （for the department）。〃
＇63＇ Duvergier； law of October 8…14。
＇64＇ Moniteur； sitting of June 3；1792。 Speech of M。 Bernard； in
the name of the committee of Public Assistance： 〃Not a day passes in
which we do not receive the saddest news from the departments on the
penury of their hospitals。〃 Mercure de France； December 17； 1791；
sitting of December 5。 A number of deputies of the Department of
the North demand aid for their hospitals and municipalities。 Out of
480；000 livres revenue there remains 10；000 to them。 〃The property
of the Communes is mortgaged； and no longer affords them any
resources。 280；000 persons are without bread。
＇65＇ Sauzay； I。 252 （December 3； 1790。 April 13； 1791）。
＇66＇ Moniteur； sitting of June 1； 1790。 Speeches by Camus；
Treilhard； etc。
＇67＇ But on the assumption that all religion has been invented by
human beings for their own comfort or use； then what would be more
natural than clever rulers using their power to influence the
religious authorities to their own advantage。 （SR。）
＇68＇ Ultramontane： Extreme in favoring the Pope's supremacy。 （SR。）
＇69＇ Sauzay； I。 168。
＇70＇ Personal knowledge； as I visited Besan？on four times between
1863 and 1867。
＇71＇ Moniteur； sitting of May 30； 1790； and others following。
（Report of Treilhard； speech by Robespierre。）
＇72＇ Duvergier； laws of July 12th…August 14th； November 14…25； 1790；
January 21…26； 1791。
＇73＇ Moniteur； sitting of May 31； 1790。 Robespierre； in covert
terms； demands the marriage of priests。 Mirabeau prepared a
speech in the same sense； concluding that every priest and monk
should be able to contract marriage； on the priest or monk
presenting himself with his bride before the curé； the latter should
be obliged to give them the nuptial benediction etc。 Mirabeau
wrote； June 2； 1790： 〃Robespierre。。。 has juggled me out of my
motion on the marriage of priests。〃 In general the germ of all
the laws of the Convention is found in the Constituent Assembly。
（Ph。 Plan； 〃Un Collaborateur de Mirabeau；〃 p。56； 144。）
＇74＇ Duvergier； laws of November 27th December 26； 1790； February
5th； March 22nd； and April 5； 1791。 Moniteur； sitting of
November 6； 1790； and those that follow； especially that of December
27th。 〃I swear to maintain with all my power the French
Constitution and especially the decrees relating to the Civil
Constitution of the clergy。〃 Cf。 sitting of January 2； 1791；
speech by the Bishop of Clermont。
＇75＇ D