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is success； and of his upright； modest conduct。 。 。 。 Oh； if you only knew how I love him！ 。 。 。 。〃＇14＇
＇14＇ This quotation and those that follow are borrowed from the unpublished correspondence with Emile Regnault。
〃When I first knew him I was disillusioned about everything； and I no longer believed in those things which make us happy。 He has warmed my frozen heart and restored the life that was dying within me。〃 She then recalls their first meeting。 It was in the country； at Coudray； near Nohant。 She fell in love with her dear Sandeau； thanks to his youthfulness； his timidity and his awkwardness。 He was just twenty； in 1831。 On approaching the bench where she was awaiting him； 〃he concealed himself in a neighbouring avenue and I could see his hat and stick on the bench；〃 she writes。 〃Everything； even to the little red ribbon threaded in the lining of his grey hat； thrilled me with joy。 。 。 。〃
It is difficult to say why； but everything connected with this young Jules seems absurd。 Later on we get the following statement： 〃Until the day when I told him that I loved him； I had never acknowledged as much to myself。 I felt that I did； but I would not own it even to my own heart。 Jules therefore learnt it at the same time as I did myself。〃
People at La Chatre took the young man for her lover。 The idea of finding him again in Paris was probably one of her reasons for wishing to establish herself there。 Then came her life； as she describes it herself； 〃in the little room looking on to the quay。 I can see Jules now in a shabby； dirty…looking artist's frock…coat； with his cravat underneath him and his shirt open at the throat； stretched out over three chairs； stamping with his feet or breaking the tongs in the heat of the discussion。 The Gaulois used to sit in a corner weaving great plots； and you would be seated on a table。
All this must certainly have been charming。 The room was too small； though； and George Sand commissioned Emile Regnault to find her a flat； the essential condition of which should be some way of egress for Jules at any hour。
A little flat was discovered on the Quay St。 Michel。 There were three rooms； one of which could be reserved。 〃This shall be the dark room；〃 wrote George Sand； 〃the mysterious room； the ghost's retreat； the monster's den； the cage of the performing animal； the hiding…place for the treasure； the vampire's cave； or whatever you like to call it。 。 。 。〃
In plainer language； it was Jules' room； and then follows some touching eloquence about the dear boy she worshipped who loved her so dearly。
This is the beginning of things； but later on the tone of the correspondence changes。 The letters become less frequent； and are also not so gay。 George Sand speaks much less of Jules in them and much more of little Solange； whom she intended to bring back to Paris with her。 She is beginning to weary of Jules and to esteem him at his true value。 He is lazy； and has fits of depression and all the capriciousness of a spoilt child。 She has had enough of him； and then； too； it is very evident from the letters that there has been some division among the lively friends who had sworn to be comrades for life。 There are explanations and justifications。 George Sand discovers that there are certain inconveniences connected with intimacies in which there is such disproportion of age and of social position。 Finally there are the following desperate letters； written in fits of irritation： 〃My dear friend； go to Jules and look after him。 He is broken…hearted； and you can do nothing for him in that respect。 It is no use trying。 I do not ask you to come to me yet； as I do not need anything。 I would rather be alone to…day。 Then； too； there is nothing left for me in life。 It will be horrible for him for a long time； but he is so young。 The day will come； perhaps； when he will not be sorry to have lived。 。 。 。
Do not attempt to put matters right； as this time there is no remedy。 We do not blame each other at all； and for some time we have been struggling against this horrible necessity。 We have had trouble enough。 There seemed to be nothing left but to put an end to our lives； and if it had not been for my children； we should have done this。
The question is； Was George Sand blameless in the matter？ It appears that she had discovered that her dear Jules was faithless to her； and that； during her absence； he had deceived her。 She would not forgive him； but sent him off to Italy； and refused to see him again。 The last of these letters is dated June 15； 1833。
〃I shall make a parcel of a few of Jules' things that he left in the wardrobe；〃 she says； 〃and I will send them to you。 I do not want anything to do with him when he comes back； and； according to the last words of the letter you showed me； his return may be soon。 For a long time I have been very much hurt by the discoveries I made with regard to his conduct； and I could not feel anything else for him now but affectionate compassion。 His pride； I hope； would refuse this。 Make him clearly understand； if necessary； that there can never be anything more between us。 If this hard task should not be necessary； that is； if Jules should himself understand that it could not be otherwise； spare him the sorrow of hearing that he has lost everything； even my respect。 He must undoubtedly have lost his own self…esteem； so that he is punished enough。〃
Thus ended this great passion。 This was the first of George Sand's errors； and it certainly was an immense one。 She had imagined that happiness reigns in students' rooms。 She had counted on the passing fancy of a young man of good family； who had come to Paris to sow his wild oats； for giving her fresh zest and for carving out for herself a fresh future。 It was a most commonplace adventure； utterly destitute of psychology； and by its very bitterness it contrasted strangely with her elevated sentimental romance with Aurelien de Seze。 That was the quintessence of refinement。 All that is interesting about this second adventure is the proof that it gives us of George Sand's wonderful illusions； of the intensity of the mirage of which she was a dupe； and of which we have so many instances in her life。
Baronne Dudevant had tried conjugal life； and she had now tried free love。 She had been unsuccessful in both instances。 It is to these adventures though； to these trials； errors and disappointments that we owe the writer we are about to study。 George Sand was now born to literature。
III
A FEMINIST OF 1832
THE FIRST NOVELS AND THE QUESTION OF MARRIAGE
When Baronne Dudevant arrived in Paris； in 1831； her intention was to earn her living with her pen。 She never really counted seriously on the income she might make by her talent for painting flowers on snuff…boxes and ornamenting cigar…cases with water…colours。 She arrived from her province with the intention of becoming a writer。 Like most authors who commence； she first tried journalism。 On the 4th of March； she wrote as follows to the faithful Boucoiran： 〃In the meantime I must live； and for the sake of that； I have taken up the worst of trades： I am writing articles for the _Figaro_。 If only you knew what that means！ They are paid for； though； at the rate of seven francs a column。〃
She evidently found it worth while to write for the _Figaro_； which at that time was quite a small newspaper； managed by Henri de Latouche； who also came from Berry。 He was a very second…rate writer himself； and a poet with very little talent but； at any rate； he appreciated and discovered talent in others。 He published Andre Chenier's first writings； and he introduced George Sand to the public。 His new apprentice was placed at one of the little tables at which the various parts of the paper were manufactured。 Unfortunately she had not the vocation for this work。 The first principle with regard to newspaper articles is to make them short。 When Aurore had come to the end of her paper； she had not yet commenced her subject。 It was no use attempting to continue； so she gave up 〃the worst of trades；〃 lucrative though it might be。
She could not help knowing； though； that she had the gift of writing。 She had inherited it from her ancestors； and this is the blest part of her atavism。 No matter how far back we go； and in every branch of her genealogical tree； there is artistic heredity to be found。 Maurice de Saxe wrote his _Reveries_。 This was a fine book for a soldier to write； and for that alone he would deserve praise； even if he had not beaten the Enlish so gloriously。 Mademoiselle Verrieres was an actress and Dupin de Francueil a dilettante。 Aurore's grandmother； Marie…Aurore； was very musical； she sang operatic songs； and collected extracts from the philosophers。 Maurice Dupin was devoted to music and to the theatre。 Even Sophie…Victoire had an innate appreciation of beauty。 She not only wept； like Margot； at melodrama； but she noticed the pink of a cloud； the mauve of a flower； and； what was more important； she called her little daughter's attention to such things。 This illiterate mother had therefore had some influence on Aurore and on her taste for literature。
It is not enough to say that Geor