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tion of gestures。 As their minds were totally uncultivated I did not lose much； perhaps gained； by not being able to understand them； for fancy probably filled up； more to their advantage； the void in the picture。 Be that as it may； they excited my sympathy； and I was very much flattered when I was told the next day that they said it was a pleasure to look at me； I appeared so good…natured。
The men were generally captains of ships。 Several spoke English very tolerably； but they were merely matter…of…fact men； confined to a very narrow circle of observation。 I found it difficult to obtain from them any information respecting their own country； when the fumes of tobacco did not keep me at a distance。
I was invited to partake of some other feasts； and always had to complain of the quantity of provision and the length of time taken to consume it； for it would not have been proper to have said devour； all went on so fair and softly。 The servants wait as slowly as their mistresses carve。
The young women here； as well as in Sweden； have commonly bad teeth； which I attribute to the same causes。 They are fond of finery； but do not pay the necessary attention to their persons； to render beauty less transient than a flower； and that interesting expression which sentiment and accomplishments give seldom supplies its place。
The servants have； likewise； an inferior sort of food here； but their masters are not allowed to strike them with impunity。 I might have added mistresses； for it was a complaint of this kind brought before the mayor which led me to a knowledge of the fact。
The wages are low； which is particularly unjust； because the price of clothes is much higher than that of provision。 A young woman； who is wet nurse to the mistress of the inn where I lodge； receives only twelve dollars a year； and pays ten for the nursing of her own child。 The father had run away to get clear of the expense。 There was something in this most painful state of widowhood which excited my compassion and led me to reflections on the instability of the most flattering plans of happiness； that were painful in the extreme； till I was ready to ask whether this world was not created to exhibit every possible combination of wretchedness。 I asked these questions of a heart writhing with anguish； whilst I listened to a melancholy ditty sung by this poor girl。 It was too early for thee to be abandoned； thought I； and I hastened out of the house to take my solitary evening's walk。 And here I am again to talk of anything but the pangs arising from the discovery of estranged affection and the lonely sadness of a deserted heart。
The father and mother； if the father can be ascertained； are obliged to maintain an illegitimate child at their joint expense； but； should the father disappear； go up the country or to sea； the mother must maintain it herself。 However； accidents of this kind do not prevent their marrying； and then it is not unusual to take the child or children home； and they are brought up very amicably with the marriage progeny。
I took some pains to learn what books were written originally in their language； but for any certain information respecting the state of Danish literature I must wait till I arrive at Copenhagen。
The sound of the language is soft； a great proportion of the words ending in vowels； and there is a simplicity in the turn of some of the phrases which have been translated to me that pleased and interested me。 In the country the farmers use the THOU and THEE； and they do not acquire the polite plurals of the towns by meeting at market。 The not having markets established in the large towns appears to me a great inconvenience。 When the farmers have anything to sell they bring it to the neighbouring town and take it from house to house。 I am surprised that the inhabitants do not feel how very incommodious this usage is to both parties； and redress it； they； indeed； perceive it； for when I have introduced the subject they acknowledged that they were often in want of necessaries； there being no butchers； and they were often obliged to buy what they did not want； yet it was the custom； and the changing of customs of a long standing requires more energy than they yet possess。 I received a similar reply when I attempted to persuade the women that they injured their children by keeping them too warm。 The only way of parrying off my reasoning was that they must do as other people did； in short； reason on any subject of change； and they stop you by saying that 〃the town would talk。〃 A person of sense； with a large fortune to ensure respect； might be very useful here； by inducing them to treat their children and manage their sick properly； and eat food dressed in a simpler mannerthe example； for instance； of a count's lady。
Reflecting on these prejudices made me revert to the wisdom of those legislators who established institutions for the good of the body under the pretext of serving heaven for the salvation of the soul。 These might with strict propriety be termed pious frauds； and I admire the Peruvian pair for asserting that they came from the sun； when their conduct proved that they meant to enlighten a benighted country； whose obedience； or even attention； could only be secured by awe。 Thus much for conquering the INERTIA of reason； but； when it is once in motion； fables once held sacred may be ridiculed； and sacred they were when useful to mankind。 Prometheus alone stole fire to animate the first man； his posterity needs not supernatural aid to preserve the species； though love is generally termed a flame； and it may not be necessary much longer to suppose men inspired by heaven to inculcate the duties which demand special grace when reason convinces them that they are the happiest who are the most nobly employed。
In a few days I am to set out for the western part of Norway； and then shall return by land to Gothenburg。 I cannot think of leaving this place without regret。 I speak of the place before the inhabitants； though there is a tenderness in their artless kindness which attaches me to them； but it is an attachment that inspires a regret very different from that I felt at leaving Hull in my way to Sweden。 The domestic happiness and good…humoured gaiety of the amiable family where I and my Frances were so hospitably received would have been sufficient to ensure the tenderest remembrance； without the recollection of the social evening to stimulate it； when good breeding gave dignity to sympathy and wit zest to reason。
Adieu！I am just informed that my horse has been waiting this quarter of an hour。 I now venture to ride out alone。 The steeple serves as a landmark。 I once or twice lost my way； walking alone； without being able to inquire after a path； I was therefore obliged to make to the steeple； or windmill； over hedge and ditch。
Yours truly。
LETTER IX。
I have already informed you that there are only two noblemen who have estates of any magnitude in Norway。 One of these has a house near Tonsberg； at which he has not resided for some years； having been at court； or on embassies。 He is now the Danish Ambassador in London。 The house is pleasantly situated； and the grounds about it fine； but their neglected appearance plainly tells that there is nobody at home。
A stupid kind of sadness； to my eye； always reigns in a huge habitation where only servants live to put cases on the furniture and open the windows。 I enter as I would into the tomb of the Capulets； to look at the family pictures that here frown in armour； or smile in ermine。 The mildew respects not the lordly robe； and the worm riots unchecked on the cheek of beauty。
There was nothing in the architecture of the building； or the form of the furniture； to detain me from the avenue where the aged pines stretched along majestically。 Time had given a greyish cast to their ever…green foliage； and they stood； like sires of the forest； sheltered on all sides by a rising progeny。 I had not ever seen so many oaks together in Norway as in these woods； nor such large aspens as here were agitated by the breeze； rendering the wind audiblenay musical； for melody seemed on the wing around me。 How different was the fresh odour that reanimated me in the avenue； from the damp chillness of the apartments； and as little did the gloomy thoughtfulness excited by the dusty hangings； and worm…eaten pictures； resemble the reveries inspired by the soothing melancholy of their shade。 In the winter； these august pines； towering above the snow； must relieve the eye beyond measure and give life to the white waste。
The continual recurrence of pine and fir groves in the day sometimes wearies the sight； but in the evening； nothing can be more picturesque； or； more properly speaking； better calculated to produce poetical images。 Passing through them； I have been struck with a mystic kind of reverence； and I did； as it were； homage to their venerable shadows。 Not nymphs； but philosophers； seemed to inhabit themever musing； I could scarcely conceive that they were without some consciousness of existencewithout a calm enjoyment of the pleasure they diffused。
How often do my feelings produce ideas that remind me of the origin of many poetic