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h water and laughingly running away； when they threatened to pour water over him。 But after Yakov and Petrovich had been discharged； he felt that he was in everybody's way； that no one cared to play with him and that no one regarded him kindly。 Surprised and melancholy； he left the deck； walked up to the wheel； sat down there； and； offended； he thoughtfully began to stare at the distant green bank and the dented strip of woods upon it。 And below； on the deck； the water was splashing playfully； and the sailors were gaily laughing。 He yearned to go down to them； but something held him back。
〃Keep away from them as much as possible；〃 he recalled his father's words； 〃you are their master。〃 Then he felt like shouting at the sailorssomething harsh and authoritative； so his father would scold them。 He thought a long time what to say； but could not think of anything。 Another two； three days passed； and it became perfectly clear to him that the crew no longer liked him。 He began to feel lonesome on the steamer； and amid the parti…coloured mist of new impressions； still more often there came up before Foma the image of his kind and gentle Aunt Anfisa； with her stories； and smiles； and soft； ringing laughter； which filled the boy's soul with a joyous warmth。 He still lived in the world of fairy…tales； but the invisible and pitiless hand of reality was already at work tearing the beautiful； fine web of the wonderful； through which the boy had looked at everything about him。 The incident with the machinist and the pilot directed his attention to his surroundings； Foma's eyes became more sharp… sighted。 A conscious searchfulness appeared in them and in his questions to his father rang a yearning to understand which threads and springs were managing the deeds of men。
One day a scene took place before him： the sailors were carrying wood； and one of them； the young； curly…haired and gay Yefim； passing the deck of the ship with hand…barrows； said loudly and angrily：
〃No； he has no conscience whatever！ There was no agreement that I should carry wood。 A sailorwell； one's business is clearbut to carry wood into the bargainthank you！ That means for me to take off the skin I have not sold。 He is without conscience！ He thinks it is clever to sap the life out of us。〃
The boy heard this grumbling and knew that it was concerning his father。 He also noticed that although Yefim was grumbling； he carried more wood on his stretcher than the others； and walked faster than the others。 None of the sailors replied to Yefim's grumbling； and even the one who worked with him was silent； only now and then protesting against the earnestness with which Yefim piled up the wood on the stretchers。
〃Enough！〃 he would say； morosely； 〃you are not loading a horse； are you？〃
〃And you had better keep quiet。 You were put to the cartcart it and don't kickand should your blood be suckedkeep quiet again。 What can you say？〃
Suddenly Ignat appeared； walked up to the sailor and； stopping in front of him； asked sternly：
〃What were you talking about？〃
〃I am talkingI know；〃 replied Yefim； hesitating。 〃There was no agreementthat I must say nothing。〃
〃And who is going to suck blood？〃 asked Ignat； stroking his beard。
The sailor understood that he had been caught unawares； and seeing no way out of it； he let the log of wood fall from his hands； rubbed his palms against his pants； and； facing Ignat squarely； said rather boldly：
〃And am I not right？ Don't you suck it？〃
〃I？〃
〃You。〃
Foma saw that his father swung his hand。 A loud blow resounded； and the sailor fell heavily on the wood。 He arose immediately and worked on in silence。 Blood was trickling from his bruised face on to the white bark of the birch wood； he wiped the blood off his face with the sleeve of his shirt； looked at his sleeve and； heaving a sigh； maintained silence； and when he went past Foma with the hand…harrows； two big； turbid tears were trembling on his face； near the bridge of his nose； and Foma noticed them。
At dinner Foma was pensive and now and then glanced at his father with fear in his eyes。
〃Why do you frown？〃 asked his father； gently。
〃Frown？〃
〃Are you ill； perhaps？ Be careful。 If there is anything； tell me。〃
〃You are strong；〃 said Foma of a sudden musingly。
〃I？ That's right。 God has favoured me with strength。〃
〃How hard you struck him！〃 exclaimed the boy in a low voice； lowering his head。
Ignat was about to put a piece of bread with caviar into his mouth； but his hand stopped； held back by his son's exclamation； he looked interrogatively at Foma's drooping head and asked：
〃You mean Yefim； don't you？〃
〃Yes； he was bleeding。 And how he walked afterward； how he cried；〃 said the boy in a low voice。
〃Mm；〃 roared Ignat； chewing a bite。 〃Well； are you sorry for him？〃
〃It's a pity！〃 said Foma； with tears in his voice。
〃Yes。 So that's the kind of a fellow you are；〃 said Ignat。
Then； after a moment's silence； he filled a wineglass with vodka； emptied it； and said sternly； in a slightly reprimanding tone：
〃There is no reason why you should pity him。 He brawled at random； and therefore got what he deserved。 I know him： he is a good fellow； industrious； strong and not a bit foolish。 But to argue is not his business； I may argue； because I am the master。 It isn't simple to be master。 A punch wouldn't kill him； but will make him wiser。 That's the way。 Eh； Foma！ You are an infant； and you do not understand these things。 I must teach you how to live。 It may be that my days on earth are numbered。〃
Ignat was silent for awhile； drank some more vodka and went on instinctively：
〃It is necessary to have pity on men。 You are right in doing so。 But you must pity them sensibly。 First look at a man； find out what good there is in him； and what use may be made of him！ And if you find him to be strong and capablepity and assist him。 And if he is weak and not inclined to workspit upon him； pass him by。 Just keep this in mindthe man who complains against everything； who sighs and moans all the timethat man is worth nothing； he merits no compassion and you will do him no good whatever； even if you help him。 Pity for such people makes them more morose； spoils them the more。 In your godfather's house you saw various kinds of peopleunfortunate travellers and hangers… on； and all sorts of rabble。 Forget them。 They are not men； they are just shells； and are good for nothing。 They are like bugs； fleas and other unclean things。 Nor do they live for God's sake they have no God。 They call His name in vain； in order to move fools to pity； and； thus pitied； to fill their bellies with something。 They live but for their bellies； and aside from eating； drinking； sleeping and moaning they can do nothing。 And all they accomplish is the soul's decay。 They are in your way and you trip over them。 A good man among themlike fresh apples among bad onesmay soon be spoilt； and no one will profit by it。 You are young； that's the trouble。 You cannot comprehend my words。 Help him who is firm in misery。 He may not ask you for assistance； but think of it yourself； and assist him without his request。 And if he should happen to be proud and thus feel offended at your aid； do not allow him to see that you are lending him a helping hand。 That's the way it should be done； according to common sense！ Here； for example； two boards； let us say； fall into the mudone of them is a rotten one； the other； a good sound board。 What should you do？ What good is there in the rotten board？ You had better drop it； let it stay in the mud and step on it so as not to soil your feet。 As to the sound board； lift it up and place it in the sun； if it can be of no use to you； someone else may avail himself of it。 That's the way it is； my son！ Listen to me and remember。 There is no reason why Yefim should be pitied。 He is a capable fellow； he knows his value。 You cannot knock his soul out with a box on the ear。 I'll just watch him for about a week； and then I'll put him at the helm。 And there； I am quite sure； he'll be a good pilot。 And if he should be promoted to captain； he wouldn't lose couragehe would make a clever captain！ That's the way people grow。 I have gone through this school myself； dear。 I； too； received more than one box on the ear when I was of his age。 Life； my son； is not a dear mother to all of us。 It is our exacting mistress。〃
Ignat talked with his son about two hours； telling him of his own youth； of his toils； of men； their terrible power； and of their weakness； of how they live； and sometimes pretend to be unfortunate in order to live on other people's money； and then he told him of himself； and of how he rose from a plain working man to be proprietor of a large concern。 The boy listened to his words； looked at him and felt as though his father were coming nearer and nearer to him。 And though his father's story did not contain the material of which Aunt Anfisa's fairy…tales were brimful； there was something new in it； something clearer and more comprehensible than in her fairy…tales； and something just as interesting。 Something powerful and warm began to throb within his little heart； and he was drawn toward his father。 Ignat； evidently； surmised his son's feelings by his eyes： he rose abruptly