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e result that in summer one was choked by dust； and in winter could hardly get through the mud。 He rejoiced in the public inconvenience； and one day having to go out in heavy rain； he remarked to one of the officers of his escort； 〃How delightful to be driven through this in a carriage； while you will have the pleasure of following on horseback！ You will be wet and dirty； whilst I smoke my pipe and laugh at your condition。〃
He could not understand why Western sovereigns should permit their subjects to enjoy the same conveniences and amusements as themselves。 〃If I had a theatre；〃 he said； 〃I would allow no one to be present at performances except my own children； but these idiotic Christians do not know how to uphold their own dignity。〃
There was no end to the mystifications which it amused the pacha to carry out with those who approached him。
One day he chose to speak Turkish to a Maltese merchant who came to display some jewels。 He was informed that the merchant understood only Greek and Italian。 He none the less continued his discourse without allowing anyone to translate what he said into Greek。 The Maltese at length lost patience； shut up his cases； and departed。 Ali watched him with the utmost calm； and as he went out told him； still in Turkish； to come again the next day。
An unexpected occurrence seemed； like the warning finger of Destiny； to indicate an evil omen for the pacha's future。 〃Misfortunes arrive in troops；〃 says the forcible Turkish proverb； and a forerunner of disasters came to Ali Dacha。
One morning he was suddenly roused by the Sheik Yussuf； who had forced his way in； in spite of the guards。 〃Behold！〃 said he； handing Ali a letter； 〃Allah； who punishes the guilty； has permitted thy seraglio of Tepelen to be burnt。 Thy splendid palace； thy beautiful furniture； costly stuffs； cashmeers； furs； arms； all are destroyed！ And it is thy youngest and best beloved son； Salik Bey himself； whose hand kindled the flames！〃 So saying； Yussuf turned and departed； crying with a triumphant voice； 〃Fire！ fire！ fire！〃
Ali instantly ordered his horse； and； followed by his guards； rode without drawing rein to Tepelen。 As soon as he arrived at the place where his palace had formerly insulted the public misery； he hastened to examine the cellars where his treasures were deposited。 All was intact； silver plate； jewels； and fifty millions of francs in gold； enclosed in a well over which he had caused a tower to be built。 After this examination he ordered all the ashes to be carefully sifted in hopes of recovering the gold in the tassels and fringes of the sofas； and the silver from the plate and the armour。 He next proclaimed through the length and breadth of the land； that； being by the hand of Allah deprived of his house； and no longer possessing anything in his native town； he requested all who loved him to prove their affection by bringing help in proportion。 He fixed the day of reception for each commune； and for almost each individual of any rank； however small； according to their distance from Tepelen； whither these evidences of loyalty were to be brought。
During five days Ali received these forced benevolences from all parts。 He sat； covered with rags； on a shabby palm…leaf mat placed。 at the outer gate of his ruined palace； holding in his left hand a villainous pipe of the kind used by the lowest people； and in his right an old red cap； which he extended for the donations of the passers…by。 Behind stood a Jew from Janina； charged with the office of testing each piece of gold and valuing jewels which were offered instead of money； for； in terror； each endeavoured to appear generous。 No means of obtaining a rich harvest were neglected； for instance； Ali distributed secretly large sums among poor and obscure people； such as servants； mechanics； and soldiers； in order that by returning them in public they might appear to be making great sacrifices； so that richer and more distinguished persons could not； without appearing ill…disposed towards the pacha； offer only the same amount as did the poor； but were obliged to present gifts of enormous value。
After this charity extorted from their fears； the pacha's subjects hoped to be at peace。 But a new decree proclaimed throughout Albania required them to rebuild and refurnish the formidable palace of Tepelen entirely at the public expense。 Ali then returned to Janina； followed by his treasure and a few women who had escaped from the flames； and whom he disposed of amongst his friends； saying that he was no longer sufficiently wealthy to maintain so many slaves。
Fate soon provided him with a second opportunity for amassing wealth。 Arta； a wealthy town with a Christian population； was ravaged by the plague； and out of eight thousand inhabitants； seven thousand were swept away。 Hearing this； Ali hastened to send commissioners to prepare an account of furniture and lands which the pacha claimed as being heir to his subjects。 A few livid and emaciated spectres were yet to be found in the streets of Arta。 In order that the inventory might be more complete； these unhappy beings were compelled to wash in the Inachus blankets； sheets； and clothes steeped in bubonic infection； while the collectors were hunting everywhere for imaginary hidden treasure。 Hollow trees were sounded； walls pulled down； the most unlikely corners examined； and a skeleton which was discovered still girt with a belt containing Venetian sequins was gathered up with the utmost care。 The archons of the town were arrested and tortured in the hope of discovering buried treasure； the clue to which had disappeared along with the owners。 One of these magistrates； accused of having hidden some valuable objects； was plunged up to his shoulders in a boiler full of melted lead and boiling oil。 Old men； women； children； rich and poor alike； were interrogated； beaten； and compelled to abandon the last remains of their property in order to save their lives。
Having thus decimated the few inhabitants remaining to the town； it became necessary to repeople it。 With this object in view； Ali's emissaries overran the villages of Thessaly； driving before them all。 the people they met in flocks； and compelling them to settle in Arta。 These unfortunate colonists were also obliged to find money to pay the pacha for the houses they were forced to occupy。
This business being settled； Ali turned to another which had long been on his mind。 We have seen how Ismail Pacho Bey escaped the assassins sent to murder him。 A ship； despatched secretly from Prevesa； arrived at the place of his retreat。 The captain； posing as a merchant； invited Ismail to come on board and inspect his goods。 But the latter； guessing a trap； fled promptly； and for some time all trace of him was lost。 Ali； in revenge； turned his wife out of the palace at Janina which she still occupied； and placed her in a cottage； where she was obliged to earn a living by spinning。 But he did not stop there； and learning after some time that Pacho Bey had sought refuge with the Nazir of Drama； who had taken him into favour； he resolved to strike a last blow； more sure and more terrible than the others。 Again Ismail's lucky star saved him from the plots of his enemy。 During a hunting party he encountered a kapidgi…bachi； or messenger from the sultan； who asked him where he could find the Nazir； to whom he was charged with an important communication。 As kapidgi…bachis are frequently bearers of evil tidings； which it is well to ascertain at once； and as the Nazir was at some distance； Pacho Bey assumed the latter's part； and the sultan's confidential messenger informed him that he was the bearer of a firman granted at the request of Ali Pacha of Janina；
〃Ali of Tepelenir。 He is my friend。 How can I serve him？〃
〃By executing the present order； sent you by the Divan； desiring you to behead a traitor； named Pacho Bey； who crept into your service a short time ago。
〃Willingly I but he is not an easy man to seize being brave； vigorous； clever； and cunning。 Craft will be necessary in this case。 He may appear at any moment； and it is advisable that he should not see you。 Let no one suspect who you are； but go to Drama； which is only two hours distant； and await me there。 I shall return this evening； and you can consider your errand as accomplished。〃
The kapidgi…bachi made a sign of comprehension； and directed his course towards Drama； while Ismail； fearing that the Nazir； who had only known him a short time； would sacrifice him with the usual Turkish indifference； fled in the opposite direction。 At the end of an hour he encountered a Bulgarian monk； with whom he exchanged clothesa disguise which enabled him to traverse Upper Macedonia in safety。 Arriving at the great Servian convent in the mountains whence the Axius takes its rise； he obtained admission under an assumed name。 But feeling sure of the discretion of the monks； after a few days he explained his situation to them。
Ali； learning the ill…success of his latest stratagem； accused the Nazir of conniving at Paeho Bey's escape。 But the latter easily justified himself with the Divan by giving precise information of what had really occurred。 This was what Ali wanted； wh