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ould have pardoned Ali on condition of again bringing Hellos under his iron yoke。 It is possible that the Greeks might not have prevailed against an enemy so formidable and a brain so fertile in intrigue。 But so simple an idea was far beyond the united intellect of the Divan； which never rose above idle display。 As soon as these negotiations； had commenced； Kursheed filled the roads with his couriers； sending often two in a day to Constantinople； from whence as many were sent to him。 This state of things lasted mare than three weeks； when it became known that Ali； who had made good use of his time in replacing the stores lost in the conflagration； buying actually from the Kiaia himself a part of the provisions brought by him for the Imperial camp； refused to accept the Ottoman ultimatum。 Troubles which broke； out at the moment of the rupture of the negotiations proved that he foresaw the probable result。
Kursheed was recompensed for the deception by which he had been duped by the reduction of the fortress of Litharitza。 The Guegue Skipetars； who composed the garrison； badly paid； wearied out by the long siege； and won by the Seraskier's bribes； took advantage of the fact that the time of their engagement with Ali had elapsed same months previously； and delivering up the fortress they defended； passed over to the enemy。 Henceforth Ali's force consisted of only six hundred men。
It was to be feared that this handful of men might also become a prey to discouragement； and might surrender their chief to an enemy who had received all fugitives with kindness。 The Greek insurgents dreaded such an event； which would have turned all Kursheed's army； hitherto detained before the castle； of Janina； loose upon themselves。 Therefore they hastened to send to their former enemy； now their ally； assistance which he declined to accept。 Ali saw himself surrounded by enemies thirsting for his wealth； and his avarice increasing with the danger； he had for some months past refused to pay his defenders。 He contented himself with informing his captains of the insurgents' offer； and telling them that he was confident that bravery such as theirs required no reinforcement。 And when some of them besought him to at least receive two or three hundred Palikars into the castle； 〃No；〃 said he； 〃old serpents always remain old serpents： I distrust the Suliots and their friendship。〃
Ignorant of Ali's decision； the Greeks of the Selleid were advancing； as well as the Toxidae； towards Janina； when they received the following letter from Ali Pacha：
〃My well…beloved children； I have just learned that you are preparing to despatch a party of your Palikars against our common enemy； Kursheed。 I desire to inform you that this my fortress is impregnable； and that I can hold out against him for several years。 The only； service I require of your courage is； that you should reduce Arta； and take alive Ismail Pacho Bey； my former servant； the mortal enemy of my family； and the author of the evils and frightful calamities which have so long oppressed our unhappy country； which he has laid waste before our eyes。 Use your best efforts to accomplish this； it will strike at the root of the evil； and my treasures shall reward your Palikars； whose courage every day gains a higher value in my eyes。〃
Furious at this mystification； the Suliots retired to their mountains； and Kursheed profited by the discontent Ali's conduct had caused； to win over the Toxide Skipetars； with their commanders Tahir Abbas and Hagi Bessiaris； who only made two conditions： one； that Ismail Pacho Bey； their personal enemy； should be deposed； the other； that the life of their old vizier should be respected。
The first condition was faithfully adhered to by Kursheed； actuated by private motives different from those which he gave publicly； and Ismail Pacho Bey was solemnly deposed。 The tails； emblems of his authority； were removed； he resigned the plumes of office； his soldiers forsook him； his servants followed suit。 Fallen to the lowest rank； he was soon thrown into prison； where he only blamed Fate for his misfortunes。 All the Skipetar Agas hastened to place themselves under Kursheeds' standard； and enormous forces now threatened Janina。 All Epirus awaited the denoument with anxiety。
Had he been less avaricious； Ali might have enlisted all the adventurers with whom the East was swarming； and made the sultan tremble in his capital。 But the aged pacha clung passionately to his treasures。 He feared also； perhaps not unreasonably； that those by whose aid he might triumph would some day become his master。 He long deceived himself with the idea that the English； who had sold Parga to him； would never allow a Turkish fleet to enter the Ionian Sea。 Mistaken on this point； his foresight was equally at fault with regard to the cowardice of his sons。 The defection of his troops was not less fatal； and he only understood the bearing of the Greek insurrection which he himself had provoked； so far as to see that in this struggle he was merely an instrument in procuring the freedom of a country which he had too cruelly oppressed to be able to hold even an inferior rank in it。 His last letter to the Suliots opened the eyes of his followers； but under the influence of a sort of polite modesty these were at least anxious to stipulate for the life of their vizier。 Kursheed was obliged to produce firmans from the Porte； declaring that if Ali Tepelen submitted； the royal promise given to his sons should be kept； and that he should； with them； be transferred to Asia Minor； as also his harem； his servants； and his treasures； and allowed to finish his days in peace。 Letters from Ali's sons were shown to the Agas； testifying to the good treatment they had experienced in their exile； and whether the latter believed all this； or whether they merely sought to satisfy their own consciences； they henceforth thought only of inducing their rebellious chief to submit。 Finally； eight months' pay； given them in advance； proved decisive； and they frankly embraced the cause of the sultan。
The garrison of the castle on the lake； whom Ali seemed anxious to offend as much as possible； by refusing their pay； he thinking them so compromised that they would not venture even to accept an amnesty guaranteed by the mufti； began to desert as soon as they knew the Toxidae had arrived at the Imperial camp。 Every night these Skipetars who could cross the moat betook themselves to Kursheed's quarters。 One single man yet baffled all the efforts of the besiegers。 The chief engineer； Caretto； like another Archimedes； still carried terror into the midst of their camp。
Although reduced to the direst misery； Caretto could not forget that he owed his life to the master who now only repaid his services with the most sordid ingratitude。 When he had first come to Epirus； Ali； recognising his ability； became anxious to retain him； but without incurring any expense。 He ascertained that the Neapolitan was passionately in love with a Mohammedan girl named Nekibi； who returned his affection。 Acting under Ali's orders； Tahir Abbas accused the woman before the cadi of sacrilegious intercourse with an infidel。 She could only escape death by the apostasy of her lover； if he refused to deny his God； he shared her fate； and both would perish at the stake。 Caretto refused to renounce his religion； but only Nekibi suffered death。 Caretto was withdrawn from execution； and Ali kept him concealed in a place of safety； whence he produced him in the time of need。 No one had served him with greater zeal； it is even possible that a man of this type would have died at his post； had his cup not been filled with mortification and insult。
Eluding the vigilance of Athanasius Vaya； whose charge it was to keep guard over him； Caretto let himself down by a cord fastened to the end of a cannon： He fell at the foot of the rampart； and thence dragged himself； with a broken arm； to the opposite camp。 He had become nearly blind through the explosion of a cartridge which had burnt his face。 He was received as well as a Christian from whom there was now nothing to fear； could expect。 He received the bread of charity； and as a refugee is only valued in proportion to the use which can be made of him； he was despised and forgotten。
The desertion of Caretto was soon followed by a defection which annihilated Ali's last hopes。 The garrison which had given him so many proofs of devotion； discouraged by his avarice； suffering from a disastrous epidemic； and no longer equal to the necessary labour in defence of the place； opened all； the gates simultaneously to the enemy。 But the besiegers； fearing a trap； advanced very slowly； so that Ali； who had long prepared against very sort of surprise； had time to gain a place which he called his 〃refuge。〃
It was a sort of fortified enclosure； of solid masonry； bristling with cannon； which surrounded the private apartments of his seraglio； called the 〃Women's Tower。〃 He had taken care to demolish everything which could be set on fire； reserving only a mosque and the tomb of his wife Emineh； whose phantom； after announcing an eternal repose； had ceased to haunt him。 Beneath was an immense natural cave； in whi