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ard for the time of the Reader。
Yet before I proceed to my legitimate subject some few final remarks will no doubt be expected by my Readers upon those pillars and mainstays of the Constitution of Flatland； the controllers of our conduct and shapers of our destiny； the objects of universal homage and almost of adoration： need I say that I mean our Circles or Priests？
When I call them Priests； let me not be understood as meaning no more than the term denotes with you。 With us； our Priests are Administrators of all Business； Art； and Science； Directors of Trade； Commerce； Generalship； Architecture； Engineering； Education； Statesmanship； Legislature； Morality； Theology； doing nothing themselves； they are the Causes of everything worth doing； that is done by others。
Although popularly everyone called a Circle is deemed a Circle； yet among the better educated Classes it is known that no Circle is really a Circle； but only a Polygon with a very large number of very small sides。 As the number of the sides increases； a Polygon approximates to a Circle； and； when the number is very great indeed； say for example three or four hundred； it is extremely difficult for the most delicate touch to feel any polygonal angles。 Let me say rather； it WOULD be difficult： for； as I have shown above； Recognition by Feeling is unknown among the highest society； and to FEEL a Circle would be considered a most audacious insult。 This habit of abstention from Feeling in the best society enables a Circle the more easily to sustain the veil of mystery in which； from his earliest years； he is wont to enwrap the exact nature of his Perimeter or Circumference。 Three feet being the average Perimeter it follows that； in a Polygon of three hundred sides each side will be no more than the hundredth part of a foot in length； or little more than the tenth part of an inch； and in a Polygon of six or seven hundred sides the sides are little larger than the diameter of a Spaceland pin…head。 It is always assumed； by courtesy； that the Chief Circle for the time being has ten thousand sides。
The ascent of the posterity of the Circles in the social scale is not restricted； as it is among the lower Regular classes； by the Law of Nature which limits the increase of sides to one in each generation。 If it were so； the number of sides in a Circle would be a mere question of pedigree and arithmetic； and the four hundred and ninety…seventh descendant of an Equilateral Triangle would necessarily be a Polygon with five hundred sides。 But this is not the case。 Nature's Law prescribes two antagonistic decrees affecting Circular propagation； first； that as the race climbs higher in the scale of development； so development shall proceed at an accelerated pace； second； that in the same proportion； the race shall become less fertile。 Consequently in the home of a Polygon of four or five hundred sides it is rare to find a son； more than one is never seen。 On the other hand the son of a five…hundred…sided Polygon has been known to possess five hundred and fifty； or even six hundred sides。
Art also steps in to help the process of the higher Evolution。 Our physicians have discovered that the small and tender sides of an infant Polygon of the higher class can be fractured； and his whole frame re…set； with such exactness that a Polygon of two or three hundred sides sometimes by no means always； for the process is attended with serious risk but sometimes overleaps two or three hundred generations； and as it were doubles at a stroke； the number of his progenitors and the nobility of his descent。
Many a promising child is sacrificed in this way。 Scarcely one out of ten survives。 Yet so strong is the parental ambition among those Polygons who are； as it were； on the fringe of the Circular class； that it is very rare to find a Nobleman of that position in society； who has neglected to place his first…born in the Circular Neo…Therapeutic Gymnasium before he has attained the age of a month。
One year determines success or failure。 At the end of that time the child has； in all probability； added one more to the tombstones that crowd the Neo…Therapeutic Cemetery； but on rare occasions a glad procession bears back the little one to his exultant parents； no longer a Polygon； but a Circle； at least by courtesy： and a single instance of so blessed a result induces multitudes of Polygonal parents to submit to similar domestic sacrifices； which have a dissimilar issue。
Section 12。 Of the Doctrine of our Priests
As to the doctrine of the Circles it may briefly be summed up in a single maxim； 〃Attend to your Configuration。〃 Whether political； ecclesiastical； or moral； all their teaching has for its object the improvement of individual and collective Configuration with special reference of course to the Configuration of the Circles； to which all other objects are subordinated。
It is the merit of the Circles that they have effectually suppressed those ancient heresies which led men to waste energy and sympathy in the vain belief that conduct depends upon will； effort； training； encouragement； praise； or anything else but Configuration。 It was Pantocyclus the illustrious Circle mentioned above； as the queller of the Colour Revolt who first convinced mankind that Configuration makes the man； that if； for example； you are born an Isosceles with two uneven sides； you will assuredly go wrong unless you have them made even for which purpose you must go to the Isosceles Hospital； similarly； if you are a Triangle； or Square； or even a Polygon； born with any Irregularity； you must be taken to one of the Regular Hospitals to have your disease cured； otherwise you will end your days in the State Prison or by the angle of the State Executioner。
All faults or defects； from the slightest misconduct to the most flagitious crime； Pantocyclus attributed to some deviation from perfect Regularity in the bodily figure； caused perhaps （if not congenital） by some collision in a crowd； by neglect to take exercise； or by taking too much of it； or even by a sudden change of temperature； resulting in a shrinkage or expansion in some too susceptible part of the frame。 Therefore； concluded that illustrious Philosopher； neither good conduct nor bad conduct is a fit subject； in any sober estimation； for either praise or blame。 For why should you praise； for example； the integrity of a Square who faithfully defends the interests of his client； when you ought in reality rather to admire the exact precision of his right angles？ Or again； why blame a lying； thievish Isosceles when you ought rather to deplore the incurable inequality of his sides？
Theoretically； this doctrine is unquestionable； but it has practical drawbacks。 In dealing with an Isosceles； if a rascal pleads that he cannot help stealing because of his unevenness； you reply that for that very reason； because he cannot help being a nuisance to his neighbours； you； the Magistrate； cannot help sentencing him to be consumed and there's an end of the matter。 But in little domestic difficulties； where the penalty of consumption； or death； is out of the question； this theory of Configuration sometimes comes in awkwardly； and I must confess that occasionally when one of my own Hexagonal Grandsons pleads as an excuse for his disobedience that a sudden change of the temperature has been too much for his Perimeter； and that I ought to lay the blame not on him but on his Configuration； which can only be strengthened by abundance of the choicest sweetmeats； I neither see my way logically to reject； nor practically to accept； his conclusions。
For my own part； I find it best to assume that a good sound scolding or castigation has some latent and strengthening influence on my Grandson's Configuration； though I own that I have no grounds for thinking so。 At all events I am not alone in my way of extricating myself from this dilemma； for I find that many of the highest Circles； sitting as Judges in law courts； use praise and blame towards Regular and Irregular Figures； and in their homes I know by experience that； when scolding their children； they speak about 〃right〃 or 〃wrong〃 as vehemently and passionately as if they believed that these names represented real existences； and that a human Figure is really capable of choosing between them。
Constantly carrying out their policy of making Configuration the leading idea in every mind； the Circles reverse the nature of that Commandment which in Spaceland regulates the relations between parents and children。 With you； children are taught to honour their parents； with us next to the Circles； who are the chief object of universal homage a man is taught to honour his Grandson； if he has one； or； if not； his Son。 By 〃honour〃； however； is by no means meant 〃indulgence〃； but a reverent regard for their highest interests： and the Circles teach that the duty of fathers is to subordinate their own interests to those of posterity； thereby advancing the welfare of the whole State as well as that of their own immediate descendants。
The weak point in the system of the Circles if a humble Square may venture to speak of anything Circular as containing any element of weakness appears to me to be foun