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The weak point in the system of the Circles if a humble Square may venture to speak of anything Circular as containing any element of weakness appears to me to be found in their relations with Women。
As it is of the utmost importance for Society that Irregular births should be discouraged； it follows that no Woman who has any Irregularities in her ancestry is a fit partner for one who desires that his posterity should rise by regular degrees in the social scale。
Now the Irregularity of a Male is a matter of measurement； but as all Women are straight； and therefore visibly Regular so to speak； one has to devise some other means of ascertaining what I may call their invisible Irregularity； that is to say their potential Irregularities as regards possible offspring。 This is effected by carefully…kept pedigrees； which are preserved and supervised by the State； and without a certified pedigree no Woman is allowed to marry。
Now it might have been supposed that a Circle proud of his ancestry and regardful for a posterity which might possibly issue hereafter in a Chief Circle would be more careful than any other to choose a wife who had no blot on her escutcheon。 But it is not so。 The care in choosing a Regular wife appears to diminish as one rises in the social scale。 Nothing would induce an aspiring Isosceles； who had hopes of generating an Equilateral Son； to take a wife who reckoned a single Irregularity among her Ancestors； a Square or Pentagon； who is confident that his family is steadily on the rise； does not inquire above the five…hundredth generation； a Hexagon or Dodecagon is even more careless of the wife's pedigree； but a Circle has been known deliberately to take a wife who has had an Irregular Great…Grandfather； and all because of some slight superiority of lustre； or because of the charms of a low voice which； with us； even more than you； is thought 〃an excellent thing in Woman〃。
Such ill…judged marriages are； as might be expected； barren； if they do not result in positive Irregularity or in diminution of sides； but none of these evils have hitherto proved sufficiently deterrent。 The loss of a few sides in a highly…developed Polygon is not easily noticed； and is sometimes compensated by a successful operation in the Neo…Therapeutic Gymnasium； as I have described above； and the Circles are too much disposed to acquiesce in infecundity as a Law of the superior development。 Yet； if this evil be not arrested； the gradual diminution of the Circular class may soon become more rapid； and the time may be not far distant when； the race being no longer able to produce a Chief Circle； the Constitution of Flatland must fall。
One other word of warning suggests itself to me； though I cannot so easily mention a remedy； and this also refers to our relations with Women。 About three hundred years ago； it was decreed by the Chief Circle that； since women are deficient in Reason but abundant in Emotion； they ought no longer to be treated as rational； nor receive any mental education。 The consequence was that they were no longer taught to read； nor even to master Arithmetic enough to enable them to count the angles of their husband or children； and hence they sensibly declined during each generation in intellectual power。 And this system of female non…education or quietism still prevails。
My fear is that； with the best intentions； this policy has been carried so far as to react injuriously on the Male Sex。
For the consequence is that； as things now are； we Males have to lead a kind of bi…lingual； and I may almost say bi…mental； existence。 With Women； we speak of 〃love〃； 〃duty〃； 〃right〃； 〃wrong〃； 〃pity〃； 〃hope〃； and other irrational and emotional conceptions； which have no existence； and the fiction of which has no object except to control feminine exuberances； but among ourselves； and in our books； we have an entirely different vocabulary and I may almost say； idiom。 〃Love〃 then becomes 〃the anticipation of benefits〃； 〃duty〃 becomes 〃necessity〃 or 〃fitness〃； and other words are correspondingly transmuted。 Moreover； among Women； we use language implying the utmost deference for their Sex； and they fully believe that the Chief Circle Himself is not more devoutly adored by us than they are： but behind their backs they are both regarded and spoken of by all except the very young as being little better than 〃mindless organisms〃。
Our Theology also in the Women's chambers is entirely different from our Theology elsewhere。
Now my humble fear is that this double training； in language as well as in thought； imposes somewhat too heavy a burden upon the young； especially when； at the age of three years old； they are taken from the maternal care and taught to unlearn the old language except for the purpose of repeating it in the presence of their Mothers and Nurses and to learn the vocabulary and idiom of science。 Already methinks I discern a weakness in the grasp of mathematical truth at the present time as compared with the more robust intellect of our ancestors three hundred years ago。 I say nothing of the possible danger if a Woman should ever surreptitiously learn to read and convey to her Sex the result of her perusal of a single popular volume； nor of the possibility that the indiscretion or disobedience of some infant Male might reveal to a Mother the secrets of the logical dialect。 On the simple ground of the enfeebling of the Male intellect； I rest this humble appeal to the highest Authorities to reconsider the regulations of Female education。
PART II： OTHER WORLDS
〃O brave new worlds； that have such people in them！〃
Section 13。 How I had a Vision of Lineland
It was the last day but one of the 1999th year of our era； and the first day of the Long Vacation。 Having amused myself till a late hour with my favourite recreation of Geometry； I had retired to rest with an unsolved problem in my mind。 In the night I had a dream。
I saw before me a vast multitude of small Straight Lines （which I naturally assumed to be Women） interspersed with other Beings still smaller and of the nature of lustrous points all moving to and fro in one and the same Straight Line； and； as nearly as I could judge； with the same velocity。
A noise of confused； multitudinous chirping or twittering issued from them at intervals as long as they were moving； but sometimes they ceased from motion； and then all was silence。
Approaching one of the largest of what I thought to be Women； I accosted her； but received no answer。 A second and a third appeal on my part were equally ineffectual。 Losing patience at what appeared to me intolerable rudeness； I brought my mouth into a position full in front of her mouth so as to intercept her motion； and loudly repeated my question； 〃Woman； what signifies this concourse； and this strange and confused chirping； and this monotonous motion to and fro in one and the same Straight Line？〃
〃I am no Woman；〃 replied the small Line。 〃I am the Monarch of the world。 But thou； whence intrudest thou into my realm of Lineland？〃 Receiving this abrupt reply； I begged pardon if I had in any way startled or molested his Royal Highness； and describing myself as a stranger I besought the King to give me some account of his dominions。 But I had the greatest possible difficulty in obtaining any information on points that really interested me； for the Monarch could not refrain from constantly assuming that whatever was familiar to him must also be known to me and that I was simulating ignorance in jest。 However； by persevering questions I elicited the following facts：
It seemed that this poor ignorant Monarch as he called himself was persuaded that the Straight Line which he called his Kingdom； and in which he passed his existence； constituted the whole of the world； and indeed the whole of Space。 Not being able either to move or to see； save in his Straight Line； he had no conception of anything out of it。 Though he had heard my voice when I first addressed him； the sounds had come to him in a manner so contrary to his experience that he had made no answer； 〃seeing no man〃； as he expressed it； 〃and hearing a voice as it were from my own intestines。〃 Until the moment when I placed my mouth in his World； he had neither seen me； nor heard anything except confused sounds beating against what I called his side； but what he called his INSIDE or STOMACH； nor had he even now the least conception of the region from which I had come。 Outside his World； or Line； all was a blank to him； nay； not even a blank； for a blank implies Space； say； rather； all was non…existent。
His subjects of whom the small Lines were men and the Points Women were all alike confined in motion and eye…sight to that single Straight Line； which was their World。 It need scarcely be added that the whole of their horizon was limited to a Point； nor could any one ever see anything but a Point。 Man； woman； child； thing each was a Point to the eye of a Linelander。 Only by the sound of the voice could sex or age be distinguished。 Moreover； as each individual occupied the whole of the narrow path； so to speak； which constituted his Univ