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o the well…educated when they are themselves in motion； rotating； advancing or retreating； and at the same time attempting to discriminate by the sense of sight between a number of Polygons of high rank moving in different directions； as for example in a ball…room or conversazione must be of a nature to task the angularity of the most intellectual； and amply justify the rich endowments of the Learned Professors of Geometry； both Static and Kinetic； in the illustrious University of Wentbridge； where the Science and Art of Sight Recognition are regularly taught to large classes of the ELITE of the States。
It is only a few of the scions of our noblest and wealthiest houses； who are able to give the time and money necessary for the thorough prosecution of this noble and valuable Art。 Even to me； a Mathematician of no mean standing； and the Grandfather of two most hopeful and perfectly regular Hexagons； to find myself in the midst of a crowd of rotating Polygons of the higher classes； is occasionally very perplexing。 And of course to a common Tradesman； or Serf； such a sight is almost as unintelligible as it would be to you； my Reader； were you suddenly transported into our country。
In such a crowd you could see on all sides of you nothing but a Line； apparently straight； but of which the parts would vary irregularly and perpetually in brightness or dimness。 Even if you had completed your third year in the Pentagonal and Hexagonal classes in the University； and were perfect in the theory of the subject； you would still find that there was need of many years of experience； before you could move in a fashionable crowd without jostling against your betters； whom it is against etiquette to ask to 〃feel〃； and who； by their superior culture and breeding； know all about your movements； while you know very little or nothing about theirs。 In a word； to comport oneself with perfect propriety in Polygonal society； one ought to be a Polygon oneself。 Such at least is the painful teaching of my experience。
It is astonishing how much the Art or I may almost call it instinct of Sight Recognition is developed by the habitual practice of it and by the avoidance of the custom of 〃Feeling〃。 Just as； with you； the deaf and dumb； if once allowed to gesticulate and to use the hand…alphabet； will never acquire the more difficult but far more valuable art of lipspeech and lip…reading； so it is with us as regards 〃Seeing〃 and 〃Feeling〃。 None who in early life resort to 〃Feeling〃 will ever learn 〃Seeing〃 in perfection。
For this reason； among our Higher Classes； 〃Feeling〃 is discouraged or absolutely forbidden。 From the cradle their children； instead of going to the Public Elementary schools （where the art of Feeling is taught）； are sent to higher Seminaries of an exclusive character； and at our illustrious University； to 〃feel〃 is regarded as a most serious fault； involving Rustication for the first offence； and Expulsion for the second。
But among the lower classes the art of Sight Recognition is regarded as an unattainable luxury。 A common Tradesman cannot afford to let his son spend a third of his life in abstract studies。 The children of the poor are therefore allowed to 〃feel〃 from their earliest years； and they gain thereby a precocity and an early vivacity which contrast at first most favourably with the inert； undeveloped； and listless behaviour of the half…instructed youths of the Polygonal class； but when the latter have at last completed their University course； and are prepared to put their theory into practice； the change that comes over them may almost be described as a new birth； and in every art； science； and social pursuit they rapidly overtake and distance their Triangular competitors。
Only a few of the Polygonal Class fail to pass the Final Test or Leaving Examination at the University。 The condition of the unsuccessful minority is truly pitiable。 Rejected from the higher class； they are also despised by the lower。 They have neither the matured and systematically trained powers of the Polygonal Bachelors and Masters of Arts； nor yet the native precocity and mercurial versatility of the youthful Tradesman。 The professions； the public services； are closed against them； and though in most States they are not actually debarred from marriage； yet they have the greatest difficulty in forming suitable alliances； as experience shews that the offspring of such unfortunate and ill…endowed parents is generally itself unfortunate； if not positively Irregular。
It is from these specimens of the refuse of our Nobility that the great Tumults and Seditions of past ages have generally derived their leaders； and so great is the mischief thence arising that an increasing minority of our more progressive Statesmen are of opinion that true mercy would dictate their entire suppression； by enacting that all who fail to pass the Final Examination of the University should be either imprisoned for life； or extinguished by a painless death。
But I find myself digressing into the subject of Irregularities； a matter of such vital interest that it demands a separate section。
Section 7。 Concerning Irregular Figures
Throughout the previous pages I have been assuming what perhaps should have been laid down at the beginning as a distinct and fundamental proposition that every human being in Flatland is a Regular Figure； that is to say of regular construction。 By this I mean that a Woman must not only be a line； but a straight line； that an Artisan or Soldier must have two of his sides equal； that Tradesmen must have three sides equal； Lawyers （of which class I am a humble member）； four sides equal； and generally； that in every Polygon； all the sides must be equal。
The size of the sides would of course depend upon the age of the individual。 A Female at birth would be about an inch long； while a tall adult Woman might extend to a foot。 As to the Males of every class； it may be roughly said that the length of an adult's sides； when added together； is two feet or a little more。 But the size of our sides is not under consideration。 I am speaking of the EQUALITY of sides； and it does not need much reflection to see that the whole of the social life in Flatland rests upon the fundamental fact that Nature wills all Figures to have their sides equal。
If our sides were unequal our angles might be unequal。 Instead of its being sufficient to feel； or estimate by sight； a single angle in order to determine the form of an individual； it would be necessary to ascertain each angle by the experiment of Feeling。 But life would be too short for such a tedious grouping。 The whole science and art of Sight Recognition would at once perish； Feeling； so far as it is an art； would not long survive； intercourse would become perilous or impossible； there would be an end to all confidence； all forethought； no one would be safe in making the most simple social arrangements； in a word； civilization would relapse into barbarism。
Am I going too fast to carry my Readers with me to these obvious conclusions？ Surely a moment's reflection； and a single instance from common life； must convince every one that our whole social system is based upon Regularity； or Equality of Angles。 You meet； for example； two or three Tradesmen in the street； whom you recognize at once to be Tradesmen by a glance at their angles and rapidly bedimmed sides； and you ask them to step into your house to lunch。 This you do at present with perfect confidence； because everyone knows to an inch or two the area occupied by an adult Triangle： but imagine that your Tradesman drags behind his regular and respectable vertex； a parallelogram of twelve or thirteen inches in diagonal： what are you to do with such a monster sticking fast in your house door？
But I am insulting the intelligence of my Readers by accumulating details which must be patent to everyone who enjoys the advantages of a Residence in Spaceland。 Obviously the measurements of a single angle would no longer be sufficient under such portentous circumstances； one's whole life would be taken up in feeling or surveying the perimeter of one's acquaintances。 Already the difficulties of avoiding a collision in a crowd are enough to tax the sagacity of even a well…educated Square； but if no one could calculate the Regularity of a single figure in the company； all would be chaos and confusion； and the slightest panic would cause serious injuries； or if there happened to be any Women or Soldiers present perhaps considerable loss of life。
Expediency therefore concurs with Nature in stamping the seal of its approval upon Regularity of conformation： nor has the Law been backward in seconding their efforts。 〃Irregularity of Figure〃 means with us the same as； or more than； a combination of moral obliquity and criminality with you； and is treated accordingly。 There are not wanting； it is true； some promulgators of paradoxes who maintain that there is no necessary connection between geometrical and moral Irregularity。 〃The Irregular〃； they say； 〃is from his birth scouted by his own parents； derided by his brothers and sisters； neglected by the domestics； scorned and suspected by society； and excluded from all posts of respo