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sonages being colored。 The subject between the two windows is the banquet given by Calypso to the son of Ulysses； displayed thereon for the admiration of the boarders； and has furnished jokes these forty years to the young men who show themselves superior to their position by making fun of the dinners to which poverty condemns them。 The hearth is always so clean and neat that it is evident that a fire is only kindled there on great occasions； the stone chimney…piece is adorned by a couple of vases filled with faded artificial flowers imprisoned under glass shades； on either side of a bluish marble clock in the very worst taste。
The first room exhales an odor for which there is no name in the language； and which should be called the odeur de pension。 The damp atmosphere sends a chill through you as you breathe it； it has a stuffy； musty； and rancid quality； it permeates your clothing； after…dinner scents seem to be mingled in it with smells from the kitchen and scullery and the reek of a hospital。 It might be possible to describe it if some one should discover a process by which to distil from the atmosphere all the nauseating elements with which it is charged by the catarrhal exhalations of every individual lodger； young or old。 Yet； in spite of these stale horrors； the sitting…room is as charming and as delicately perfumed as a boudoir； when compared with the adjoining dining… room。
The paneled walls of that apartment were once painted some color； now a matter of conjecture； for the surface is incrusted with accumulated layers of grimy deposit； which cover it with fantastic outlines。 A collection of dim…ribbed glass decanters； metal discs with a satin sheen on them； and piles of blue…edged earthenware plates of Touraine ware cover the sticky surfaces of the sideboards that line the room。 In a corner stands a box containing a set of numbered pigeon…holes； in which the lodgers' table napkins； more or less soiled and stained with wine； are kept。 Here you see that indestructible furniture never met with elsewhere； which finds its way into lodging…houses much as the wrecks of our civilization drift into hospitals for incurables。 You expect in such places as these to find the weather…house whence a Capuchin issues on wet days； you look to find the execrable engravings which spoil your appetite； framed every one in a black varnished frame； with a gilt beading round it； you know the sort of tortoise…shell clock…case； inlaid with brass； the green stove； the Argand lamps； covered with oil and dust； have met your eyes before。 The oilcloth which covers the long table is so greasy that a waggish externe will write his name on the surface； using his thumb…nail as a style。 The chairs are broken…down invalids； the wretched little hempen mats slip away from under your feet without slipping away for good； and finally； the foot…warmers are miserable wrecks； hingeless； charred； broken away about the holes。 It would be impossible to give an idea of the old； rotten； shaky； cranky； worm…eaten； halt； maimed； one… eyed； rickety； and ramshackle condition of the furniture without an exhaustive description； which would delay the progress of the story to an extent that impatient people would not pardon。 The red tiles of the floor are full of depressions brought about by scouring and periodical renewings of color。 In short； there is no illusory grace left to the poverty that reigns here； it is dire； parsimonious； concentrated； threadbare poverty； as yet it has not sunk into the mire； it is only splashed by it； and though not in rags as yet； its clothing is ready to drop to pieces。
This apartment is in all its glory at seven o'clock in the morning； when Mme。 Vauquer's cat appears； announcing the near approach of his mistress； and jumps upon the sideboards to sniff at the milk in the bowls； each protected by a plate； while he purrs his morning greeting to the world。 A moment later the widow shows her face； she is tricked out in a net cap attached to a false front set on awry； and shuffles into the room in her slipshod fashion。 She is an oldish woman； with a bloated countenance； and a nose like a parrot's beak set in the middle of it； her fat little hands （she is as sleek as a church rat） and her shapeless； slouching figure are in keeping with the room that reeks of misfortune； where hope is reduced to speculate for the meanest stakes。 Mme。 Vauquer alone can breathe that tainted air without being disheartened by it。 Her face is as fresh as a frosty morning in autumn； there are wrinkles about the eyes that vary in their expression from the set smile of a ballet…dancer to the dark； suspicious scowl of a discounter of bills； in short； she is at once the embodiment and interpretation of her lodging… house； as surely as her lodging…house implies the existence of its mistress。 You can no more imagine the one without the other； than you can think of a jail without a turnkey。 The unwholesome corpulence of the little woman is produced by the life she leads； just as typhus fever is bred in the tainted air of a hospital。 The very knitted woolen petticoat that she wears beneath a skirt made of an old gown； with the wadding protruding through the rents in the material； is a sort of epitome of the sitting…room； the dining…room； and the little garden； it discovers the cook； it foreshadows the lodgersthe picture of the house is completed by the portrait of its mistress。
Mme。 Vauquer at the age of fifty is like all women who 〃have seen a deal of trouble。〃 She has the glassy eyes and innocent air of a trafficker in flesh and blood； who will wax virtuously indignant to obtain a higher price for her services； but who is quite ready to betray a Georges or a Pichegru； if a Georges or a Pichegru were in hiding and still to be betrayed； or for any other expedient that may alleviate her lot。 Still； 〃she is a good woman at bottom；〃 said the lodgers who believed that the widow was wholly dependent upon the money that they paid her； and sympathized when they heard her cough and groan like one of themselves。
What had M。 Vauquer been？ The lady was never very explicit on this head。 How had she lost her money？ 〃Through trouble；〃 was her answer。 He had treated her badly； had left her nothing but her eyes to cry over his cruelty； the house she lived in； and the privilege of pitying nobody； because； so she was wont to say； she herself had been through every possible misfortune。
Sylvie； the stout cook； hearing her mistress' shuffling footsteps； hastened to serve the lodgers' breakfasts。 Beside those who lived in the house； Mme。 Vauquer took boarders who came for their meals； but these externes usually only came to dinner； for which they paid thirty francs a month。
At the time when this story begins； the lodging…house contained seven inmates。 The best rooms in the house were on the first story； Mme。 Vauquer herself occupying the least important； while the rest were let to a Mme。 Couture； the widow of a commissary… general in the service of the Republic。 With her lived Victorine Taillefer； a schoolgirl； to whom she filled the place of mother。 These two ladies paid eighteen hundred francs a year。
The two sets of rooms on the second floor were respectively occupied by an old man named Poiret and a man of forty or thereabouts； the wearer of a black wig and dyed whiskers； who gave out that he was a retired merchant； and was addressed as M。 Vautrin。 Two of the four rooms on the third floor were also let one to an elderly spinster； a Mlle。 Michonneau； and the other to a retired manufacturer of vermicelli； Italian paste and starch； who allowed the others to address him as 〃Father Goriot。〃 The remaining rooms were allotted to various birds of passage； to impecunious students； who like 〃Father Goriot〃 and Mlle。 Michonneau； could only muster forty…five francs a month to pay for their board and lodging。 Mme。 Vauquer had little desire for lodgers of this sort； they ate too much bread； and she only took them in default of better。
At that time one of the rooms was tenanted by a law student； a young man from the neighborhood of Angouleme； one of a large family who pinched and starved themselves to spare twelve hundred francs a year for him。 Misfortune had accustomed Eugene de Rastignac； for that was his name； to work。 He belonged to the number of young men who know as children that their parents' hopes are centered on them； and deliberately prepare themselves for a great career； subordinating their studies from the first to this end； carefully watching the indications of the course of events； calculating the probable turn that affairs will take； that they may be the first to profit by them。 But for his observant curiosity； and the skill with which he managed to introduce himself into the salons of Paris； this story would not have been colored by the tones of truth which it certainly owes to him； for they are entirely due to his penetrating sagacity and desire to fathom the mysteries of an appalling condition of things； which was concealed as carefully by the victim as by those who had brought it to pass。
Above the third story there was a garret where the linen was hung to dry； and a couple of attics。 Christophe； the man…of…all…work； slept in one； and Sylvie； the stout cook； in the other。 Besi