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Under these instructions the list of the villages to be destroyed was
given。 It was as follows： 。
18 in the parish of Frugeres；
5 〃 〃 Fressinet…de…Lozere；
4 〃 〃 Grizac；
15 〃 〃 Castagnols；
11 〃 〃 Vialas；
6 〃 〃 Saint…Julien；
8 〃 〃 Saint…Maurice de Vantalon；
14 〃 〃 Frezal de Vantalon；
7 〃 〃 Saint…Hilaire de Laret；
6 〃 〃 Saint…Andeol de Clergues；
28 〃 〃 Saint…Privat de Vallongues；
10 〃 〃 Saint…Andre de Lancise；
19 〃 〃 Saint…Germain de Calberte；
26 〃 〃 Saint…Etienne de Valfrancesque；
9 〃 〃 parishes of Prunet and Montvaillant；
16 〃 〃 parish of Florac。
…
202
A second list was promised； and was shortly afterwards published： it
included the parishes of Frugeres； Pompidon； Saint…Martin； Lansuscle；
Saint…Laurent； Treves； Vebron； Ronnes； Barre； Montluzon； Bousquet； La
Barthes； Balme； Saint…Julien d'Aspaon Cassagnas； Sainte…Croix de
Valfrancesque； Cabriac； Moissac； Saint…Roman； Saint Martin de Robaux；
La Melouse； le Collet de Deze； Saint…Michel de Deze； and the villages
of Salieges； Rampon； Ruas； Chavrieres； Tourgueselle； Ginestous；
Fressinet； Fourques； Malbos； Jousanel； Campis； Campredon；
Lous…Aubrez； La Croix de Fer； Le Cap de Coste； Marquayres； Le
Cazairal； and Le Poujal。
In all； 466 market towns； hamlets； and villages； with 19；500
inhabitants； were included。
All these preparations made Marechal de Montrevel set out for Aix；
September 26th； 1703； in order that the work might be carried out
under his personal supervision。 He was accompanied by MM。 de
Vergetot and de Marsilly； colonels of infantry； two battalions of the
Royal…Comtois； two of the Soissonnais infantry； the Languedoc
regiment of dragoons； and two hundred dragoons from the Fimarcon
regiment。 M。 de Julien； on his side； set out for the Pont…de…
Montvert at the same time with two battalions from Hainault；
accompanied by the Marquis of Canillac； colonel of infantry； who
brought two battalions of his own regiment； which was stationed in
Rouergue； with him； and Comte de Payre； who brought fifty…five
companies of militia from Gevaudan； and followed by a number of mules
loaded with crowbars； axes； and other iron instruments necessary for
pulling down houses。
The approach of all these troops following close on the terrible
proclamations we have given above； produced exactly the contrary
effect to that intended。 The inhabitants of the proscribed districts
were convinced that the order to gather together in certain places
was given that they might be conveniently massacred together； so that
all those capable of bearing arms went deeper into the mountains； and
joined the forces of Cavalier and Roland； thus reinforcing them to
the number of fifteen hundred men。 Also hardly had M。 de Julien set
his hand to the work than he received information from M。 de
Montrevel； who had heard the news through a letter from Flechier；
that while the royal troops were busy in the mountains the Camisards
had come down into the plain； swarmed over La Camargue； and had been
seen in the neighbourhood of Saint…Gilles。 At the same time word was
sent him that two ships had been seen in the offing； from Cette； and
that it was more than probable that they contained troops； that
England and Holland were sending to help the Camisards。
M。 de Montrevel； leaving the further conduct of the expedition to MM。
de Julien and de Canillac； hastened to Cette with eight hundred men
and ten guns。 The ships were still in sight； and were really； as had
been surmised； two vessels which had been detached from the combined
fleets of England and Holland by Admiral Schowel； and were the
bearers of money； arms； and ammunition to the Huguenots。 They
continued to cruise about and signal； but as the rebels were forced
by the presence of M。 de Montrevel to keep away from the coast； and
could therefore make no answer； they put off at length into the open；
and rejoined the fleet。 As M。 de Montrevel feared that their retreat
might be a feint； he ordered all the fishermen's huts from
Aigues…Morte to Saint…Gilles to be destroyed； lest they should afford
shelter to the Camisards。 At the same time he carried off the
inhabitants of the district of Guillan and shut them up in the
chateau of Sommerez； after having demolished their villages。 Lastly；
he ordered all those who lived in homesteads； farms； or hamlets； to
quit them and go to some large town； taking with them all the
provisions they were possessed of； and he forbade any workman who
went outside the town to work to take more than one day's provisions
with him。
These measures had the desired effect； but they were terrible in
their results； they deprived the Camisards of shelter indeed； but
they ruined the province。 M。 de Baville； despite his well…known
severity tried remonstrances； but they were taken in bad part by M。
de Montrevel； who told the intendant to mind his own business； which
was confined to civil matters； and to leave military matters in his；
M。 de Montrevel's； hands； whereupon the commandant joined M。 de
Julien； who was carrying on the work of destruction with
indefatigable vigour。
In spite of all the enthusiasm with which M。 de Julien went to work
to accomplish his mission； and being a new convert； it was； of
course； very great。 Material hindrances hampered him at every step。
Almost all the doomed houses were built on vaulted foundations； and
were therefore difficult to lay low； the distance of one house from
another； too； their almost inaccessible position； either on the peak
of a high mountain or in the bottom of a rocky valley； or buried in
the depths of the forest which hid then like a veil； made the
difficulty still greater； whole days were often lost by the workmen
and militia in searching for the dwellings they came to destroy。
The immense size of the parishes also caused delay： that of
Saint…Germain de Calberte； for instance； was nine leagues in
circumference； and contained a hundred and eleven hamlets； inhabited
by two hundred and seventy…five families； of which only nine were
Catholic； that of Saint…Etienne de Valfrancesque was of still greater
extent； and its population was a third larger； so that obstacles to
the work multiplied in a remarkable manner。 For the first few days
the soldiers and workmen found food in and around the villages； but
this was soon at an end； and as they could hardly expect the peasants
to keep up the supply； and the provisions they had brought with them
being also exhausted； they were soon reduced to biscuit and water；
and they were not even able to make it into a warm mess by heating
the water； as they had no vessels； moreover； when their hard day's
work was at an end； they had but a handful of straw on which to lie。
These privations； added to their hard and laborious life； brought on
an endemic fever； which incapacitated for work many soldiers and
labourers； numbers of whom had to be dismissed。 Very soon the
unfortunate men； who were almost as much to be pitied as those whom
they were persecuting； waited no longer to be sent away； but deserted
in numbers。
M。 de Julien soon saw that all his efforts would end in failure if he
could not gain the king's consent to a slight change in the original
plan。 He therefore wrote to Versailles； and represented to the king
how long the work would take if the means employed were only iron
tools and the human hand； instead of fire； the only true instrument
employed by Heaven in its vengeance。 He quoted in support of his
petition the case of Sodom and Gomorrahthose cities accursed of the
Lord。 Louis XIV； impressed by the truth of this comparison； sent him
back a messenger post…haste authorising him to employ the suggested
means。
〃At once；〃 says Pere Louvreloeil； 〃the storm burst； and soon of all
the happy homesteads nothing was left： the hamlets； with their barns
and outhouses； the isolated farmhouses； the single huts and cottages；
every species of building in short； disappeared before the swift
advancing flames as wild flowers； weeds； and roots fall before the
ploughshare。〃
This destruction was accompanied by horrible cruelty。 For instance；
twenty…five inhabitants of a certain village took refuge in a
chateau； the number consisted of children and very old people； and
they were all that was left of the entire population。 Palmerolle； in
command of the miquelets； hearing of this； hastened thither； seized
the first eight he could lay hold of； and shot them on the spot； 〃to
teach them；〃 as he says in his report； 〃not to choose a shelter which
was not on the list of those permitted to them。〃
The Catholics also of St。 Florent； Senechas； Rousson； and other
parishes； becoming excited at seeing the flames which enveloped the
houses of their old enemies； joined together； and arming themselves
with everything that could be made to serve as an instrument of
death； set out to hunt the conscripts down； they carried off the
flocks of Perolat； Fontareche； and Pajolas； burned down a dozen
houses at the Collet…de…Deze； and from there went to the village of
Brenoux； drunk with the lust of destruction。 There they m