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专门替中国人写的英语文法-第9章

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以下是含有过去分词的句子,每一个过去分词都用作形容词:
America is a developed country。
I found that dog killed in a car accident。
The frustrated student needs help。
I want the report pleted before midnight。
He is totally depressed。
They are all frustrated。
The car driven by that young man is a Cadillac。
This book; read by almost every one; was written by Charles Dickens。
This is still an unrealized dream。
Are you interested in music?
I am really surprised to meet you。
I was excited by his arrival。
The girl dressed in white is from Japan。
A depressed person needs love from others。
Millions got killed in the Second World War。
He is a troubled child who needs advice。
I have a broken leg。
Broken glass is all over the place。
千万注意,我们不可以轻易乱用过去分词,以下的句子都是错的:
*He is suffered。
*This article will be appeared in the next issue of Science。
正确的说法是:
He suffers。
This article will appear in the next issue of Science。
【练习四十五】
将以下的中文句子译成英文:
我对音乐有兴趣。
这部人人都看过的电影是在好莱坞制作的。
他来自一个破碎的家庭。
这个国家的法律已经崩溃(break down)了。
我因这个消息而感到兴奋。
我们应该帮助那位沮丧的学生。
三个人死于(get killed)这场车祸。
这是一个充满了困惑的学生。
他是一个很有趣的人。
【练习四十六】
填空,全部用现在分词或过去分词:
1。 He is totally          (confuse)。
2。 I am          (interest) in seeing that movie。
3。 This movie is really          (excite)。
4。 That is a          (break) promise。
5。 He has a          (break) arm。
6。 Their marriage was          (break) up。
7。 Justice is still not a          (realize) dream。
8。 He is a          (depress) person。
9。 The bicycle          (ride) by the young kid is mine。
10。 I do not like to see any person          (injure)。
11。 I was very much          (surprise) to hear that news。
12。 His statements are          (encourage)。
13。 The man          (talk) about Hitler is a professor。
14。 The man          (pilot) the airplane is quite young。
15。 The pany         (manage) by Mr。 Lee is getting better and better。
16。 Poor John now has a          (break) heart。
17。 There are boys and girls          (dance) in the garden。
18。 The          (steal) jacket has been found。
19。 The boy          (laugh) there is not my son。
20。 He has a          (smile) face。
21。 This is indeed very          (excite)。
22。 This song;          (hear) by almost everyone; was written by me。
23。 I don't like the song          (write) by the Beatles。
24。 She is a          (care) woman。
10§3 不定词(Infinitives)作为形容词和副词
  不定词可以用作名词,也可以用作形容词,以下都是不定词用作形容词的例子,要注意的是不定词不会放在名词的前面:
You don't have the right to talk so loudly。
He is to blame。
To see is to believe。(To see是名词,to believe是形容词)
My job is to teach poor kids to learn。
We all have the duty to serve our country。
He has a talent to sing。
I don't have time to play。
He is a person to be liked by us all。
This is a book to be read by all students。
He has no money to spend。
This is not a good place for kids to grow up in。
This law is to protect innocent citizens。
I am glad to see you。
He is ready to start a war。
He is rich enough to buy the entire building。
They are afraid to die。
He has no right to kill anyone。
John is too weak to do this job。
My mother is too old to drive a car。
It is easy to fall behind in school。
【练习四十七】
将以下句子改成英文:
我们都有纳税的义务。
我们都有保持缄默(remain silent)的权利。
他有游泳的天才。
我已无钱可花。
我无处可去。
他太累了,不能开车了。(too。。。。。to。。。。。)
我很高兴看到你。
他够聪明,可以进入大学。(enough。。。。。to。。。。。)
我的工作是教小孩英文。
我看到你,感到很意外。(surprised to。。。。。。)
我们有很多可谈的事。
他没有可以交谈的朋友。

第十一章 词组(Phrases)和子句(Clauses)
  请看以下的句子,特别注意划线的字群:
Understanding English is easy。
I want you to work hard。
Peter; who has been to England; speaks good English。
I told him that I was going away。
Understanding English和to work hard有一共同特色,他们都没有主词,也没有动词,这种字群,叫做词组(phrase)。
Who has been to England和I was going away中,内部都有主词和动词,这种字群,叫子句(clause)。
由于我们已经对词组很熟悉,我们在这里不再讨论,而我们在这一章将多多介绍子句的用法。
11§1 问题型式的名词子句
假如我们说〝我不知道他住在哪里〞,或者〝他究竟住在哪里仍是个谜〞,我们就可以用这种问题型式的名词子句,每一个名词子句都要用who; where; whether; which等来开始。以下是典型的例子:
I don't know where he came from。(我不知道他来自何处。)
Whether or not he is an American is still a secret。(他是否是个美国人仍然是个秘密。)
I will find out where he is living。(我要找出他住在哪里。)
I can not remember whether he smokes or not。(我不记得他是否吸烟。)
Please let me know how old he is。(请让我知道他多大年纪。)
Kindly tell me what you really need。(请让我知道你需要什么。)
You have to decide which book you want to buy。(你应该决定买哪一本书。)
Do you know where he is from?(你知道他是从哪里来的?)
Do you know who he is?(你知道他是谁吗?)
Please ask your brother whether he is ing or not。(请问你的兄弟他会不会来。)
When she is ing remains a puzzle。(她何时来仍然是个谜。)
I don't know what he is interested in。(我不知道他的兴趣何在。)
I don't understand what he is talking about。(我不知道他在谈什么。)
Do you know whose bicycle this is?(你知道这辆脚踏车是谁的吗?)
Do you know which country Hawaii belongs to?(你知道夏威夷属于哪一个国家吗?)
You should ask your mother where you were born。
(你应该问你的母亲你在哪里生的。)
虽然每一个名词都有问题的意义,我们却不能在名词子句中用问句的型式,因为毕竟这个名词子句仅仅是一个子句而已,它的结尾并不是〝?〞。
因此以下的句子都是错的:
*I don't know where did he e from。
*I will find out how old is he。
*Kindly tell me what do you need。
*You have to decide which book do you want to buy。
*When is he ing remains a puzzle。
【练习四十八】
将以下的中文句子译成英文:
我不知道你是谁。
请告诉我你是否是美国人。
我不记得你是否喝咖啡。
请问你的姊姊她去年是否去过日本。
你知道他是谁吗?
他从哪里来的是一个谜(puzzle)。
我要找出他哥哥会不会游泳。
我知道他为何如此悲伤。
你知道玛丽什么时候来吗?
你知道发生了什么事吗?
我知道天空为什么是蓝的。
请告诉我你去年去哪里工作的。
你知道他在谈什么吗?
我不懂他的问题是什么。
【练习四十九】
改错:
Please tell me why is he so sad。
I do not know where is she from。
Please tell me how many people are there in this house。
Let me know how old are you。
Is he a Japanese is a mystery。
Do you know who is the president of the United States?
May I ask you which kind of coffee do you like?
I can not remember how old am I?
What is he talking about is unclear to me。
Do you know why is he ing?
【练习五十】
选择适当的代名词,如whether; which; what; who; how; when; why等填入下面句子的空格(有时会有多种正确的填法):
1。 I don't know           book you bought。
2。 Do you know           he is from?
3。 Please ask him           he drinks tea or not。
4。           he is thinking about is well known to all of us。
5。 Let me guess           old you are。
6。 May I ask           you are so sad?
7。 I don't know           he is。
8。 Do you know           house this is?
9。 This is not           I want。
10。 I don't care           you want to say。
11§2 以that开始的名词子句
现在我们先试着翻译以下的句子:
地球是圆的是众所周知的事。
一种直接了当的翻译是:
*The earth is round is known to everyone。
遗憾的是,以上的句子是不对,我们必须加一个that到名词子句里去,以下的翻译是正确的:
That the earth is round is known to everyone。
我们再来翻译一个中文句子:
我要求他一定要用功念书。
直接了当的翻译可能像下面的:
*I demand he must work hard。
这是错的,我们应该加一个that在这个名词子句的前面。以下的翻译才是正确的:
I demand that he must work hard。
虽然我们常看到这种that被省略的情形,我们仍希望大家知道,为保险起见,最好不要省掉that。以下是一些例子:
That the sun rises from the west is wrong。(太阳从西方升起是错的)
That a lot of Jews were killed during the Second World War is now a historical fact。
(大批犹太人在第二次大战中被杀是历史上的事实)
I didn't know that he is such a diligent student。(我不知道他是如此勤快的学生)
I demand that you go away。(我要求你离开)
I suggest that you go swimming every morning。(我建议你每天早上游泳)
That we should all respect our parents should be taught to our kids。
(我们该教孩子们尊敬父母)
I don't think that he is a good athlete。(我不认为他是一个好运动员)
Do you think that she is a good actress?(你认为她是一个好的演员吗?)
That he can speak good English helps him。(他能说很好的文,这点对他很有帮助)
I propose that we get married。(我建议我们结婚)
Let us always remember that there are a lot of poor people in the world。
(我们永远记住世界上有很多穷人)
Never forget that we should always love one another。(不要忘记我们应该互相友爱)
I am surprised to find out that he is a Catholic。(我很惊讶地发现他是个天主教徒)
That we lost the game made all of us frustrated。(我们输了,这件事令我们大感沮丧)
I can hardly believe that his English is so good。(我不能相信他的英文如此之好)
【练习五十一】
请将that加到以下句子去:
1。*I told you you must leave。
2。*I am glad you are here now。
3。*He is an American is unknown to us。
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