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of his words made even the porters in the Covent Garden belt him
from the balcony when he ventured to address them。〃
＇23＇
Laud： Archbishop of Canterbury。 Laud was born in 1573； and
beheaded at London in 1645。 He was throughout the reign of Charles
I a staunch supporter of the King。 He was impeached by the Long
Parliament in 1640 and executed on Tower Hill； in 1645。
＇24＇
selenography： the scientific study of the moon with special
reference to its physical condition。
＇25＇
Torricellian experiment： a reference to the discovery of the
principle of the barometer by the Italian； Torricelli； in 1643。
＇26＇
Sir Francis Bacon （1561…1626）： Bacon endeavored to teach that
civilization cannot be brought to a high point except as man
applies himself to the study of the secrets of nature； and uses
these discoveries for inventions which will give him power over his
environment。 The chief value of the work was that it called
attention to the uses of induction and to the experimental study of
facts。 See Roger's A Student's History of Philosophy； page 243。
＇27＇
The learned Dr。 Wallis （1616…1703）： Dr。 Wallis is regarded as the
greatest of Newton's predecessors in mathematical history。 His
works are numerous and are on a great variety of subjects。 He was
one of the first members of the Royal Society。
＇28＇
〃New Philosophy〃： Bacon's ideas on science and philosophy as set
forth in his works。
＇29＇
Royal Society： see note； page 11。
＇30＇
Newton； Sir Isaac （1642…1721）： a distinguished natural philosopher
of England。 Newton was elected a member of the Royal Society in
1672。 His most important scientific accomplishment was the
establishing of the law of universal gravitation。 The story of the
fall of the apple was first related by Voltaire to whom it was
given by Newton's niece。
＇31＇
〃Philosophical Transactions〃： the publications of the Royal
Society。
＇32＇
Galileo （1564…1642）： a famous Italian astronomer。 His most noted
work was the construction of the thermometer and a telescope。 He
discovered the satellites of Jupiter in 1610。 In 1610； also； he
observed the sun's spots。 His views were condemned by the Pope in
1616 and in 1633 he was forced by the Inquisition to abjure the
Copernican theory。
＇33＇
Vesalius （1514…1564）： a noted Belgian anatomist。
＇34＇
Harvey （1578…1657）： an English physiologist and anatomist。 He is
noted especially for his discovery of the circulation of the blood。
＇35＇
Subtle speculations： Selby gives examples from questions discussed
by Thomas Aquinas。 Whether all angels belong to the same genus；
whether demons are evil by nature； or by will； whether they can
change one substance into another； 。 。 。 whether an angel can move
from one point to another without passing through intermediate
space。
＇36＇
Schoolmen： a term used to designate the followers of scholasticism；
a philosophy of dogmatic religion which assumed a certain subject…
matter as absolute and unquestionable。 The duty of the Schoolman
was to explain church doctrine； these explanations were
characterized by fine distinctions and by an absence of real
content。 See Roger's A Student's History of Philosophy； also
Baldwin's Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology。
＇37＇
〃writ in water〃： an allusion to Keats' request that the words 〃Here
lies one whose name was writ in water〃 be his epitaph。 The words
are inscribed on his tomb in the Protestant Cemetery at Rome。
＇38＇
Lord Brouncker： The first president of the Royal Society after its
incorporation in 1662 was Lord Brouneker。
＇39＇
revenant： ghost。
＇40＇
Boyle： Robert Boyle （1627…1691）： a British chemist and natural
philosopher who was noted especially for his discovery of Boyle's
law of the elasticity of air。
＇41＇
Evelyn （1620…1706）： an English author and member of the Royal
Society。 His most important work is the Diary； valuable for the
full account which it gives of the manners and customs of the time。
＇42＇
The Restoration： In English history the re…establishing of the
English monarchy with the return of King Charles II in 1660； by
extension the whole reign of Charles II： as； the dramatists of the
Restoration。 Century Dictionary。
＇43＇
Aladdin's lamps： a reference to the story of the Wonderful Lamp in
the Arabian Nights。 The magic lamp brought marvelous good fortune
to the poor widow's son who possessed it。 Cf。 also Lowell's
Aladdin：
When I was a beggarly boy；
And lived in a cellar damp；
I had not a friend or a toy；
But I had Aladdin's lamp；
When I could not sleep for the cold；
I had fire enough in my brain；
And builded； with roofs of gold；
My beautiful castles in Spain！
＇44＇
〃When in heaven the stars〃： from Tennyson's Specimens of a
Translation of the Iliad in Blank Verse。
＇45＇
〃increasing God's honour and bettering man's estate〃： Bacon's
statement of his purpose in writing the Advancement of Learning。
＇46＇
For example； etc。： could the sentence beginning thus be written in
better form？
＇47＇
Rumford （1738…1814）： Benjamin Thompson； Count Rumford； an eminent
scientist。 Rumford was born in America and educated at Harvard。
Suspected of loyalty to the King at the time of the revolution； he
was imprisoned。 Acquitted； he went to England where he became
prominent in politics and science。 Invested with the title of
Count by the Holy Roman Empire； he chose Rumford for his title
after the name of the little New Hampshire town where he had
taught。 He gave a large sum of money to Harvard College to found
the Rumford professorship of science。
＇48＇
eccentric： out of the centre。
A LIBERAL EDUCATION （1868）
＇49＇
A Liberal Education： from Science and Education； also published in
Lay Sermons； Addresses and Reviews。
＇50＇
Ichabod： cf。 1 Sam。 iv； 21。
＇51＇
senior wranglership： in Cambridge University； England； one who has
attained the first class in the elementary division of the public
examination for honors in pure and mixed mathematics； commonly
called the mathematical tripos； those who compose the second rank
of honors being designated senior optimes； and those of the third
order junior optimes。 The student taking absolutely the first
place in the mathematical tripos used to be called senior wrangler；
those following next in the same division being respectively termed
second； third； fourth； etc。； wranglers。 Century Dictionary。
＇52＇
double…first： any candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in
Oxford University who takes first…class honors in both classics and
mathematics is said to have won a double…first。
＇53＇
Retzsch （1779…1857）： a well…known German painter and engraver。
＇54＇
Test…Act： an English statute of 1673。 It compelled all persons
holding office under the crown to take the oaths of supremacy and
of allegiance； to receive the sacrament according to the usage of
the Church of England； and to subscribe to the Declaration against
Transubstantiation。
＇55＇
Poll： an abbreviation and transliteration of ＇Greek words＇； 〃the
mob〃； university slang for the whole body of students taking merely
the degree of Bachelor of Arts； at Cambridge。
＇56＇
pluck： the rejection of a student； after examinations； who does not
come up to the standard。
ON A PIECE OF CHALK
＇57＇
On a Piece of Chalk： a lecture to working…men from Lay Sermons；
Addresses and Reviews。
＇58＇
Needles of the Isle of Wight： the needles are three white； pointed
rocks of chalk； resting on dark…colored bases； and rising abruptly
from the sea to a height of 100 feet。 Baedeker's Great Britain。
＇59＇
Lulworth in Dorset； to Flamborough Head： Lulworth is on the
southern coast of England； west of the Isle of Wight： Flamborough
Head is on the northeastern coast of England and extends into the
German Ocean。
＇60＇
Weald： a name given to an oval…shaped chalk area in England；
beginning near the Straits of Dover； and extending into the
counties of Kent； Surrey； Hants； and Sussex。
＇61＇
Lieut。 Brooke： Brooke devised an apparatus for deep…sea sounding
from which the weight necessary to sink the instrument rapidly； was
detached when it reached the bottom。 The object was to relieve the
strain on the rope caused by rapid soundings。 Improved apparatuses
have been invented since the time of Brooke。
＇62＇
Ehrenberg （1795…1876）： a German naturalist noted for his studies of
Infusoria。
＇63＇
Bailey of West Point （1811…1857）： an American naturalist noted for
his researches in microscopy。
＇64＇
enterprise of laying down the telegraph…cable： the first Atlantic
telegraph…cable between England and America was laid in 1858 by
Cyrus W。 Field of New York。 Messages were sent over it for a few
weeks； then it ceased to act。 A permanent cable was lai