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Cyrus W。 Field of New York。 Messages were sent over it for a few
weeks； then it ceased to act。 A permanent cable was laid by Mr。
Field in 1866。
＇65＇
Dr。 Wallich （1786…1854）： a Danish botanist and member of the Royal
Society。
＇66＇
Mr。 Sorby： President of the Geological Society of England； and
author of many papers on subjects connected with physical
geography。
＇67＇
Sir Charles Lyell （1797…1875）： a British geologist； and one of the
first to uphold Darwin's Origin of Species。
＇68＇
Echinus： the sea…urchin； an animal which dwells in a spheroidal
shell built up from polygonal plates； and covered with sharp
spines。
＇69＇
Somme： a river of northern France which flows into the English
Channel northeast of Dieppe。
＇70＇
the chipped flints of Hoxne and Amiens： the rude instruments which
were made by primitive man were of chipped flint。 Numerous
discoveries of large flint implements have been made in the north
of France； near Amiens； and in England。 The first noted flint
implements were discovered in Hoxne； Suffolk； England； 1797。 Cf。
Evans' Ancient Stone Implements and Lyell's Antiquity of Man。
＇71＇
Rev。 Mr。 Gunn （1800…1881）： an English naturalist。 Mr。 Gunn sent
from Tasmania a large number of plants and animals now in the
British Museum。
＇72＇
〃the whirligig of time〃： cf。 Shakespeare； Twelfth Night； Act V； se。
I； l。 395。
＇73＇
Euphrates and Hiddekel： cf。 Genesis ii； 14。
＇74＇
the great river； the river of Babylon： cf。 Genesis xv； 18
＇75＇
Without haste； but without rest： from Goethe's Zahme Xenien。 In a
letter to his sister； Huxley says： 〃And then perhaps by the
following of my favorite motto；
〃'Wie das Gestirn；
Ohne Hast；
Ohne Rast'
something may be done； and some of Sister Lizzie's fond
imaginations turn out not altogether untrue。〃 The quotation entire
is as follows：
Wie das Gestirn；
Ohne Hast；
Aber ohne Rast；
Drehe sich jeder
Um die eigne Last。
THE PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS OF EDUCATION （1882）
＇76＇
The Principal Subjects of Education： an extract from the essay；
Science and Art in Relation to Education。
＇77＇
this discussion： 〃this〃 refers to the last sentence in the
preceding paragraph； in which Huxley says that it will be
impossible to determine the amount of time to be given to the
principal subjects of education until it is determined 〃what the
principal subjects of education ought to be。〃
＇78＇
Francis Bacon： cf。 note ＇26＇。
＇79＇
the best chance of being happy： In connection with Huxley's work on
the London School Board； his biographer says that Huxley did not
regard 〃intellectual training only from the utilitarian point of
view； he insisted； e。 g。； on the value of reading for amusement as
one of the most valuable uses to hardworked people。〃
＇80＇
〃Harmony in grey〃： cf。 with l。 34 in Browning's Andrea del Sarto。
＇81＇
Hobbes （1588…1679）： noted for his views of human nature and of
politics。 According to Minto； 〃The merits ascribed to his style
are brevity； simplicity and precision。〃
＇82＇
Bishop Berkeley （1685…1753）： an Irish prelate noted for his
philosophical writings and especially for his theory of vision
which was the foundation for modern investigations of the subject。
〃His style has always been esteemed admirable； simple； felicitous
and sweetly melodious。 His dialogues are sustained with great
skill。〃 Minto's Manual of English Prose Literature。
＇83＇
We have been recently furnished with in prose： The Iliad of Homer
translated by Lang； Leaf and Myers； the first edition of which
appeared in 1882； is probably the one to which Huxley refers。 The
Odyssey； translated by Butcher and Lang； appeared in 1879。 Among
the best of the more recent translations of Homer are the Odyssey
by George Herbert Palmer； the Iliad by Arthur S。 Way； and the
Odyssey by the same author。
＇84＇
Locke （1632…1704）： an English philosopher of great influence。 His
chief work is An Essay Concerning Human Understanding。
＇85＇
Franciscus Bacon sic cogitavit： thus Francis Bacon thought。
THE METHOD OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION （1863）
＇86＇
The Method of Scientific Investigation is an extract from the third
of six lectures given to workingmen on The Causes of the Phenomena
of Organic Nature in Darwiniana。
＇87＇
these terrible apparatus： apparatus is the form for both the
singular and plural； apparatuses is another form for the plural。
＇88＇
Incident in one of Moliere's plays： the allusion is to the hero；
M。 Jourdain in the play； 〃La Bourgeois Gentilbomme。〃
＇89＇
these kind： modern writers regard kind as singular。 Shakespeare
treated it as a plural noun； as 〃These kind of knaves I knew。〃
＇90＇
Newton： cf。 ＇30＇。
＇91＇
Laplace （1749…1827）： a celebrated French astronomer and
mathematician。 He is best known for his theory of the formation of
the planetary systems； the so…called 〃nebular hypothesis。〃 Until
recently this hypothesis has generally been accepted in its main
outlines。 It is now being supplanted by the 〃Spiral Nebular
Hypothesis〃 developed by Professors Moulton and Chamberlin of the
University of Chicago。 See Moulton's Introduction to Astronomy； p。
463。
ON THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF LIFE （1868）
＇92＇
On the Physical Basis of Life： from Methods and Results； also
published in Lay Sermons； Addresses and Reviews。 〃The substance of
this paper was contained in a discourse which was delivered in
Edinburgh on the evening of Sunday； the 8th of November； 1868
being the first of a series of Sunday evening addresses upon non…
theological topics； instituted by the Rev。 J。 Cranbrook。 Some
phrases； which could possess only a transitory and local interest；
have been omitted； instead of the newspaper report of the
Archbishop of York's address； his Grace's subsequently published
pamphlet On the Limits of Philosophical inquiry is quoted； and I
have； here and there； endeavoured to express my meaning more fully
and clearly than I seem to have done in speakingif I may judge by
sundry criticisms upon what I am supposed to have said； which have
appeared。 But in substance； and； so far as my recollection serves；
in form； what is here written corresponds with what was there
said。〃Huxley。
＇93＇
Finner whale： a name given to a whale which has a dorsal fin。 A
Finner whale commonly measures from 60 to 90 feet in length。
＇94＇
A fortiori： with stronger reason： still more conclusively。
＇95＇
well…known epigram： from Goethe's Venetianische Epigramme。 The
following is a translation of the passage： Why do the people push
each other and shout？ They want to work for their living； bring
forth children； and feed them as well as they possibly can。 。 。 。
No man can attain to more； however much he may pretend to the
contrary。
＇96＇
Maelstroms： a celebrated whirlpool or violent current in the Arctic
Ocean； near the western coast of Norway； between the islands of
Moskenaso and Mosken； formerly supposed to suck in and destroy
everything that approached it at any time； but now known not to be
dangerous except under certain conditions。 Century Dictionary。
Cf。 also Poe's Descent into the Maelstrom。
＇97＇
Milne…Edwards （1800…1885）： a French naturalist。 His Elements de
Zoologie won him a great reputation。
＇98＇
with such qualifications as arises： a typographical error。
＇99＇
De Bary （1831…1888）： a German botanist noted especially for his
researches in cryptogamic botany。
＇100＇
No Man's Land： Huxley probably intends no specific geographical
reference。 The expression is common as a designation of some
remote and unfrequented locality。
＇101＇
Kuhne （1837…1900）： a German physiologist and professor of science
at Amsterdam and Heidelberg。
＇102＇
Debemur morti nos nostraque： HoraceArs Poetica； line 63。
As forests change their foliage year by year；
Leaves； that come first； first tall and disappear；
So antique words die out； and in their room；
Others spring up； of vigorous growth and bloom；
Ourselves and all that's ours； to death are due；
And why should words not be mortal too？
Martin's translation。
＇103＇
peau de chagrin： skin of a wild ass。
＇104＇
Balzac （1799…1850）： a celebrated French novelist of the realistic
school of fiction。
＇105＇
Barmecide feast： the allusion is to a story in the Arabian Nights
in which a member of the Barmecide family places a succession of
empty dishes before a beggar； pretending that they contain a rich
repast。
＇106＇
modus operandi： method of working。
＇107＇
Martinus Scriblerus： a reference to Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus
written principally by John Arbuthnot； and published in 1741。 The
purpose of the papers is given by Warburton and Spence in the
following extracts quoted from the Preface to th