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philosophy 4-第8章

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3。  Thought=Being。  Assuming this; state the difference; if any; between

(1) memory and anticipation; (2) sleep and waking。



4。  Democritus; Pythagoras; Bacon。  State the relation between them。 In

what terms must the objective world ultimately be stated?  Why?



5。  Experience is the result of time and space being included in the

nature of mind。  Discuss this。



6。  Nihil est in intellectu quod non prius fuerit in sensibus。  Whose

doctrine?  Discuss it。



7。  What is the inherent limitation in all ancient philosophy?  Who

first removed it?



8。  Mind is expressed through what?  Matter through what?  Is speech the

result or the cause of thought?



9。  Discuss the nature of the ego。



10。  According to Plato; Locke;êBerkeley; where would the sweetness of a

honeycomb reside?  Where would its shape? its weight?  Where do you

think these properties reside?





Ten questions; and no Epicharmos of Kos。  But no examination paper asks

everything; and this one did ask a good deal。  Bertie and Billy wrote

the full time allotted; and found that they could have filled an hour

more without coming to the end of their thoughts。  Comparing notes at

lunch; their information was discovered to have been lacking here and

there。  Nevertheless; it was no failure; their inner convictions were

sure of fifty per cent at least; and this was all they asked of the

gods。  〃I was ripping about the ego;〃 said Bertie。  〃I was rather

splendid myself;〃 said Billy; 〃when I got going。  And I gave him a huge

steer about memory。〃  After lunch both retired to their beds and fell

into sweet oblivion until seven o'clock; when they rose and dined; and

after playing a little poker went to bed again pretty early。



Some six mornings later; when the Professor returned their papers to

them; their minds were washed almost as clear of Plato and Thales as

were their bodies of yesterday's dust。  The dates and doctrines; hastily

memorized to rattle off upon the great occasion; lay only upon the

surface of their minds; and after use they quickly evaporated。  To their

pleasure and most genuine astonishment; the Professor paid them high

compliments。  Bertie's discussion of the double personality had been the

most intelligent which had come in from any of the class。  The

illustration of the intoxicated hack…driver who had fallen from his hack

and inquired who it was that had fallen; and then had pitied himself;

was; said the Professor; as original and perfect an illustration of our

subjective…objectivity as he had met with in all his researches。  And

Billy's suggestions concerning the inherency of time and space in the

mind the Professor had also found very striking and independent;

particularly his reasoning based upon the well…known distortions of time

and space which hashish and other drugs produce in us。  This was the

sort of thing which the Professor had wanted from his students: free

comment and discussions; the spirit of the course; rather than any

strict adherence to the letter。  He had constructed his questions to

elicit as much individual discussion as possible and had been somewhat

disappointed in his hopes。



Yes; Bertie and Billy were astonished。  But their astonishment did not

equal that of Oscar; who had answered many of the questions in the

Professor's own language。  Oscar received seventy…five per cent for this

achievementa good mark。  But Billy's mark was eighty…six and Bertie's

ninety。  〃There is some mistake;〃 said Oscar to them when they told him

; and he hastened to the Professor with his tale。  〃There is no

mistake;〃 said the Professor。  Oscar smiled with increased deference。

〃But;〃 he urged; 〃I assure you; sir; those young men knew absolutely

nothing。  I was their tutor; and they knew nothing at all。  I taught

them all their information myself。〃 〃In that case;〃 replied the

Professor; not pleased with Oscar's tale…bearing; 〃you must have given

them more than you could spare。  Good morning。〃



Oscar never understood。  But he graduated considerably higher than

Bertie and Billy; who were not able to discover many other courses so

favorable to 〃orriginal rresearch〃 as was Philosophy 4。  That is twenty

years ago; To…day Bertie is treasurer of the New Amsterdam Trust

Company; in Wall Street; Billy is superintendent of passenger traffic of

the New York and Chicago Air Line。  Oscar is successful too。  He has

acquired a lot of information。  His smile is unchanged。  He has

published a careful work entitled 〃The Minor Poets of Cinquecento;〃 and

he writes book reviews for the Evening Post。










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