°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
of¡¡the¡¡sexes¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡However£»¡¡on¡¡this¡¡matter¡¡they¡¡did¡¡not¡¡see¡¡their¡¡way¡£¡¡Perhaps£»¡¡
in¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡debased¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡age£»¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡profligate¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡world£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡which¡¡
Christianity¡¡had¡¡risen£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡impossible¡¡to¡¡see¡¡the¡¡true¡¡beauty¡¡and¡¡sanctity¡¡
of¡¡those¡¡primary¡¡bonds¡¡of¡¡humanity¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡while¡¡the¡¡relation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sexes¡¡
was¡¡looked¡¡on¡¡in¡¡a¡¡wrong¡¡light£»¡¡all¡¡other¡¡social¡¡relations¡¡were¡¡necessarily¡¡
also¡¡misconceived¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨The¡¡very¡¡ideas¡¡of¡¡family¡¡and¡¡national¡¡life£»¡¨¡¡as¡¡it¡¡has¡¡
been¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨those¡¡two¡¡divine¡¡roots¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Church£»¡¡severed¡¡from¡¡which¡¡she¡¡
is¡¡certain¡¡to¡¡wither¡¡away¡¡into¡¡that¡¡most¡¡cruel¡¡and¡¡most¡¡godless¡¡of¡¡spectres£»¡¡
a¡¡religious¡¡world£»¡¡had¡¡perished¡¡in¡¡the¡¡East£»¡¡from¡¡the¡¡evil¡¡influence¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
universal¡¡practice¡¡of¡¡slave¡¡¡holding£»¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡from¡¡the¡¡degradation¡¡of¡¡that¡¡
Jewish¡¡nation¡¡which¡¡had¡¡been¡¡for¡¡ages¡¡the¡¡great¡¡witness¡¡for¡¡these¡¡ideas£»¡¡
and¡¡all¡¡classes£»¡¡like¡¡their¡¡forefather¡¡Adamlike£»¡¡indeed£»¡¡the¡¡Old¡¡Adamthe¡¡
selfish£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡cowardly£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡brute¡¡¡¡¡¡nature¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡agewere¡¡
shifting¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡blame¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡sin¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡consciences¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡human¡¡
relationships¡¡and¡¡duties£»¡¡and¡¡therein£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡God¡¡who¡¡had¡¡appointed¡¡them£»¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡79¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡80¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ALEXANDRIA¡¡AND¡¡HER¡¡SCHOOLS¡¡
and¡¡saying£»¡¡as¡¡of¡¡old£»¡¡'The¡¡woman¡¡whom¡¡Thou¡¡gavest¡¡to¡¡be¡¡with¡¡me£»¡¡she¡¡
gave¡¡me¡¡of¡¡the¡¡tree£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡did¡¡eat¡£'¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Much¡¡as¡¡Christianity¡¡did£»¡¡even¡¡in¡¡Egypt£»¡¡for¡¡woman£»¡¡by¡¡asserting¡¡her¡¡
moral¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡spiritual¡¡¡¡¡¡equality¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡man£»¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡seems¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡
suspicion¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡she¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡true¡¡¡¡¡¡complement¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡man£»¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡merely¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡
softening¡¡¡¡¡¡him£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡strengthening¡¡¡¡¡¡him£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡true¡¡¡¡¡¡manhood¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡
more¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡developed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡influence¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡woman£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡true¡¡
womanhood¡¡without¡¡the¡¡influence¡¡of¡¡the¡¡man¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡is¡¡no¡¡trace¡¡among¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Egyptian¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡celibates¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡chivalrous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡woman¡worship¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡
Gothic¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡forefathers¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡brought¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡West£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡shed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡
softening¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡ennobling¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡light¡¡¡¡¡¡round¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡mediaeval¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡convent¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡life£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡
warded¡¡¡¡¡¡off¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡centuries¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡worst¡¡¡¡¡¡effects¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡monasticism¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Among¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
religious¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Egypt£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡monk¡¡¡¡¡¡regarded¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡nun£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡nun¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡monk£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡
dread¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡aversion£»¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡both¡¡¡¡¡¡looked¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡married¡¡¡¡¡¡population¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
opposite¡¡sex¡¡with¡¡a¡¡coarse¡¡contempt¡¡and¡¡disgust¡¡which¡¡is¡¡hardly¡¡credible£»¡¡
did¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡foul¡¡¡¡¡¡records¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡stand¡¡¡¡¡¡written¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡day£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Rosweyde's¡¡
extraordinary¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Vitae¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Patrum¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Eremiticorum£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡barren¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡school¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
metaphysic£»¡¡truly£»¡¡for¡¡those¡¡who¡¡are¡¡philosophic¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡believe¡¡that¡¡all¡¡
phenomena¡¡whatsoever¡¡of¡¡the¡¡human¡¡mind¡¡are¡¡worthy¡¡matter¡¡for¡¡scientific¡¡
induction¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡thus¡¡grew¡¡up¡¡in¡¡Egypt¡¡a¡¡monastic¡¡world£»¡¡of¡¡such¡¡vastness¡¡that¡¡it¡¡
was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡said¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡equal¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡number¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡laity¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡produced£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡doubt£»¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡
enormous¡¡increase¡¡¡¡in¡¡the¡¡¡¡actual¡¡¡¡¡¡amount¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡moral¡¡evil¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡produced¡¡
three¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡effects£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡ruin¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Alexandria¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡First£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡
continually¡¡growing¡¡enervation¡¡and¡¡numerical¡¡decrease¡¡of¡¡the¡¡population£»¡¡
next£»¡¡a¡¡carelessness¡¡of£»¡¡and¡¡contempt¡¡for¡¡social¡¡and¡¡political¡¡life£»¡¡and¡¡lastly£»¡¡
a¡¡most¡¡brutalising¡¡effect¡¡on¡¡the¡¡lay¡¡population£»¡¡who£»¡¡told¡¡that¡¡they¡¡were£»¡¡
and¡¡believing¡¡themselves¡¡to¡¡be£»¡¡beings¡¡of¡¡a¡¡lower¡¡order£»¡¡and¡¡living¡¡by¡¡a¡¡
lower¡¡¡¡¡¡standard£»¡¡¡¡¡¡sank¡¡¡¡¡¡down¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡generation¡¡¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡¡¡generation¡£¡¡
They¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡world£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡ways¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡world¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡follow¡£¡¡
Political¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡inherent¡¡¡¡¡¡sanctity¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡nobleness£»¡¡¡¡¡¡why¡¡¡¡¡¡act¡¡¡¡¡¡holily¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
nobly¡¡in¡¡it£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Family¡¡life¡¡had¡¡no¡¡inherent¡¡sanctity¡¡or¡¡nobleness£»¡¡why¡¡act¡¡
holily¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡nobly¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡either£»¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡holy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡noble£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡divine¡¡
principle¡¡or¡¡ground¡¡for¡¡it£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡thus¡¡grew¡¡up£»¡¡both¡¡in¡¡Egypt£»¡¡Syria£»¡¡and¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡80¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡81¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ALEXANDRIA¡¡AND¡¡HER¡¡SCHOOLS¡¡
Byzantium£»¡¡a¡¡chaos¡¡of¡¡profligacy¡¡and¡¡chicanery£»¡¡in¡¡rulers¡¡and¡¡people£»¡¡in¡¡
the¡¡home¡¡and¡¡the¡¡market£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡theatre¡¡and¡¡the¡¡senate£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡the¡¡world¡¡
has¡¡rarely¡¡seen¡¡before¡¡or¡¡since£»¡¡a¡¡chaos¡¡which¡¡reached¡¡its¡¡culmination¡¡in¡¡
the¡¡seventh¡¡¡¡¡¡century£»¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡age¡¡of¡¡Justinian¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡Theodora£»¡¡perhaps¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡
most¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hideous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sovereigns£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡worshipped¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡hideous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡empire¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
parasites¡¡and¡¡hypocrites£»¡¡cowards¡¡and¡¡wantons£»¡¡that¡¡ever¡¡insulted¡¡the¡¡long¡¡¡
suffering¡¡of¡¡a¡¡righteous¡¡God¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But£»¡¡for¡¡Alexandria¡¡at¡¡least£»¡¡the¡¡cup¡¡was¡¡now¡¡full¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡the¡¡year¡¡640¡¡the¡¡
Alexandrians¡¡were¡¡tearing¡¡each¡¡other¡¡in¡¡pieces¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡some¡¡Jacobite¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
Melchite¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡controversy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡incomprehensible£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡unimportant£»¡¡
because¡¡the¡¡fighters¡¡on¡¡both¡¡sides¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡have¡¡lost¡¡£¨as¡¡all¡¡parties¡¡do¡¡in¡¡
their¡¡old¡¡age£©¡¡the¡¡knowledge¡¡of¡¡what¡¡they¡¡were¡¡fighting¡¡for£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡have¡¡so¡¡
bewildered¡¡the¡¡question¡¡with¡¡personal¡¡intrigues£»¡¡spites£»¡¡and¡¡quarrels£»¡¡as¡¡to¡¡
make¡¡it¡¡nearly¡¡as¡¡enigmatic¡¡as¡¡that¡¡famous¡¡contemporary¡¡war¡¡between¡¡the¡¡
blue¡¡and¡¡green¡¡factions¡¡at¡¡Constantinople£»¡¡which¡¡began¡¡by¡¡backing¡¡in¡¡the¡¡
theatre£»¡¡the¡¡charioteers¡¡who¡¡drove¡¡in¡¡blue¡¡dresses£»¡¡against¡¡those¡¡wild¡¡drove¡¡
in¡¡¡¡¡¡green£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡went¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡identify¡¡¡¡¡¡themselves¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡each¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡
prevailing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡theological¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡factions£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡gradually¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡developed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡
aristocratic£»¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡democratic£»¡¡¡¡¡¡religious¡¡¡¡¡¡party£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡ended¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡a¡¡
civil¡¡¡¡¡¡war¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡streets¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Constantinople£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡accompanied¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡
horrible¡¡excesses£»¡¡which¡¡had¡¡nearly£»¡¡at¡¡one¡¡time£»¡¡given¡¡up¡¡the¡¡city¡¡to¡¡the¡¡
flames£»¡¡and¡¡driven¡¡Justinian¡¡from¡¡his¡¡throne¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡midst¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡Jacobite¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Melchite¡¡¡¡¡¡controversies¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡riots£»¡¡
appeared¡¡¡¡¡¡before¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡city¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡armies¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡certain¡¡¡¡¡¡wild¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡unlettered¡¡Arab¡¡
tribes¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡short¡¡and¡¡fruitless¡¡struggle¡¡followed£»¡¡and£»¡¡strange¡¡to¡¡say£»¡¡a¡¡few¡¡
months¡¡¡¡¡¡swept¡¡¡¡¡¡away¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡face¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡earth£»¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡wealth£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
commerce£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡castles£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡liberty£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡philosophy¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
Christianity¡¡of¡¡Alexandria£»¡¡crushed¡¡to¡¡powder¡¡by¡¡one¡¡fearful¡¡blow£»¡¡all¡¡that¡¡
had¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡built¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡Alexander¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Ptolemies£»¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡Clement¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
philosophers£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡void£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡appearance£»¡¡¡¡¡¡nine¡¡¡¡¡¡hundred¡¡¡¡¡¡years¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
human¡¡toil¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡people£»¡¡having¡¡no¡¡real¡¡hold¡¡on¡¡their¡¡hereditary¡¡Creed£»¡¡
accepted£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡tens¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡thousands£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Mussulman¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡invaders¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡
Christian¡¡remnant¡¡became¡¡tributaries£»¡¡and¡¡Alexandria¡¡dwindled£»¡¡from¡¡that¡¡
time¡¡forth£»¡¡into¡¡a¡¡petty¡¡seaport¡¡town¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡81¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡82¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ALEXANDRIA¡¡AND¡¡HER¡¡SCHOOLS¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡nowcan¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡pass¡¡¡¡¡¡over¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡new¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡metaphysical¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡school¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
Alexandria£¿¡¡Can¡¡we¡¡help¡¡inquiring¡¡in¡¡what¡¡the¡¡strength¡¡of¡¡Islamism¡¡lay£¿¡¡
I£»¡¡at¡¡least£»¡¡cannot¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡cannot¡¡help¡¡feeling¡¡that¡¡I¡¡am¡¡bound¡¡to¡¡examine¡¡in¡¡
what¡¡¡¡¡¡relation¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡creed¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Omar¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Amrou¡¡¡¡¡¡stands¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Alexandrian¡¡
speculations¡¡of¡¡five¡¡hundred¡¡years£»¡¡and¡¡how¡¡it¡¡had¡¡power¡¡to¡¡sweep¡¡those¡¡
speculations¡¡utterly¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Eastern¡¡mind¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡a¡¡difficult¡¡problem£»¡¡to¡¡
me£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡Christian¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡priest£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡awful¡¡¡¡¡¡problem¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡What¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡awful¡¡
historic¡¡problem£»¡¡than¡¡to¡¡see¡¡the¡¡lower¡¡creed¡¡destroying¡¡the¡¡higher£¿¡¡to¡¡see¡¡
God£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡were£»¡¡undoing¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡work£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡repenting¡¡Him¡¡¡¡that¡¡He¡¡¡¡had¡¡
made¡¡man£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Awful¡¡indeed£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡I¡¡can¡¡honestly¡¡say£»¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡one¡¡from¡¡the¡¡
investigation¡¡of¡¡which¡¡I¡¡have¡¡learntI¡¡cannot¡¡yet¡¡tell¡¡how¡¡much£º¡¡and¡¡of¡¡
this¡¡I¡¡am¡¡sure£»¡¡that¡¡without¡¡that¡¡old¡¡Alexandrian¡¡philosophy£»¡¡I¡¡should¡¡not¡¡
have¡¡been¡¡able¡¡to¡¡do¡¡justice¡¡to¡¡Islam£»¡¡without¡¡Islam¡¡I¡¡should¡¡not¡¡have¡¡been¡¡
able¡¡to¡¡find¡¡in¡¡that¡¡Alexandrian¡¡philosophy£»¡¡an¡¡ever¡¡¡living¡¡and¡¡practical¡¡
element¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡must£»¡¡¡¡¡¡however£»¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡¡¡entreat¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡dismiss¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡your¡¡¡¡¡¡minds¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
vulgar¡¡notion¡¡that¡¡Mohammed¡¡was¡¡in¡¡anywise¡¡a¡¡bad¡¡man£»¡¡or¡¡a¡¡conscious¡¡
deceiver£»¡¡pretending¡¡to¡¡work¡¡miracles£»¡¡or¡¡to¡¡do¡¡things¡¡which¡¡he¡¡did¡¡not¡¡do¡£¡¡
He¡¡¡¡¡¡sinned¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡instance£º¡¡¡¡¡¡but£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡far¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡see£»¡¡only¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡oneI¡¡
mean¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡known¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡right¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡allude¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡his¡¡
relaxing¡¡in¡¡his¡¡own¡¡case¡¡those¡¡wise¡¡restrictions¡¡on¡¡polygamy¡¡which¡¡he¡¡had¡¡
proclaimed¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡yet£»¡¡even¡¡in¡¡this¡¡case£»¡¡the¡¡desire¡¡for¡¡a¡¡child¡¡may¡¡have¡¡
been¡¡the¡¡true¡¡cause¡¡of¡¡h