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9。【译文】总统先生,我很高兴有机会向您提问。您带着友好的微笑,踏上了中国的土地,并来到北大校园,因此,您的光临使我们非常激动和荣幸,因为中国人民真正渴望中国和美国在平等的基础上建立友谊。(注意识别和翻译引导两个原因状语从句的连词so和for)
【分析】With a friendly smile you have set foot on the soil of China and (连接两个分句) you have come to the campus of Beida; so (因果状语从句)we are very excited and honored by your presence; for (连词,引导补充性的原因状语从句) the Chinese people really aspire for the friendship between China and the United States on the basis of equality。 (52 words)
10。【译文】苏联瓦解的时候,俄罗斯必须决定如何塑造自己的强大。他们是试图开发俄罗斯人民的力量,与邻国合作实现更伟大的未来呢?还是记住自己在过去200年来的不幸遭遇,并认为要使自己伟大的惟一方式就是在军事上主宰邻国呢?他们选择了向前迈进的方针,世界变得更加美好。(注意识别本句中复合连词and和or的使用、断句和翻译)
【分析】Would they attempt to develop the human capacity of the Russian people and work in partnership with their neighbors for a greater future; or (连词,连接两个主要独立分句) would they remember the bad things happened (happened为过去分词,作后置定语,修饰things) to them in the past 200 years and think the only way they could be great would be to dominate (be to dominate为不定式,表示将来的打算) their neighbors militarily? (54 words)
11。【译文】你们问我,我真的希望遏制中国吗?回答是否定的。美国人民对中国总是怀有非常浓厚的感情。这种感情在我们遇到问题时总受到干扰。但是,只要你们回顾我国的历史,我国人民始终认为应当同中国人民保持密切的关系。我认为,如果美国在21世纪以平等和尊重的态度与中国保持合作,而不是由于对我们国界以外发生的事情持不同意见而去花费大量的时间和金钱试图遏制中国,那就会要好得多。因此我不希望遏制中国,而希望建立伙伴关系。我并没有在微笑后而隐藏别的企图,这是我的真实信念。(注意形式主语it和比较状语than的识别和翻译)
【分析】And I believe that it (代词的预指,代替后面的不定式的平行结构) would be far better for the people of the United States to have a partnership on equal; respectful terms with (on 。。。 terms为搭配) China in the 21st century than (比较状语,引导平行结构:to have a partnership与to have to spend) to have to spend enormous amounts of time and money trying (与spend构成搭配) to contain China because we disagree with what (引导介词with的宾语从句) is going on beyond our borders。 (56 words)
12。【译文】三明治,这种由两片抹上黄油的面包夹馅而成的快餐小吃,因Sandwich(英国一港口地区)的第4任伯爵、英国外交官约翰·蒙塔古而得名。这位外交官是一名狂热的赌徒,不喜欢为了吃饭而离开赌桌中断赌博,于是命令他的随从将食物拿到赌桌上吃。拿上来的食物是夹着冷牛肉的两片面包。很快这种小吃快餐就被众人称为三明治。(注意形式主语it和比较状语than的识别和翻译)
【分析】Sandwich; the snack (snack与sandwich为同位语) of two slices of buttered bread with a filling; is named after (该谓语动词的主语为sandwich) the English diplomat John Montagu; 4th Earl of Sandwich (1718 ~ 1792) (与前面diplomat构成同位语); who (引导非限制性定语从句,前置词为diplomat) was such an impulsive gambler that; (that引导限制性定语从句,修饰前置词gambler) preferring not to interrupt his game by leaving the gaming table to eat; would order (该谓语动词的主语为定语从句的连词that,注意主谓“that would order”之间出现现在分词结构作为插入语) his valet to bring food to his table。 (57 words)
13。【译文】今年我们已取得了巨大进步:我们保证每一个8岁的孩子都能读书,每一个12岁的孩子都能上因特网,每一个18岁的青年都能上大学。在我上周签署的议案中,我们协助建立了一支辅导阅读的公民大军。这个措施几乎是我们在教育技术上的投资的两倍。我们扩大了公立学校的选择范围和竞争机会。我们提高了佩尔·格兰特奖学金金额,增加额是20年以来最高的。我们在提高孩子们的学习标准,我们也在向他们提供他们在21世纪面临挑战、抓住机遇所必需的工具。(注意定语从句的翻译方法;school一词的修饰范围)
【分析】In the bill I signed last week (I signed作the bill的定语); we helped to build a citizen army of reading tutors; which (which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面一个分句的内容) nearly doubled our investment in education technology; we expanded public school choice and competition (注意school一词为名词修饰语,修饰后面的choice and competition) and we provided the largest increase in Pell Grant scholarships in two decades。 (44 words)
14。【译文】迈克尔·博顿从小就视节奏布鲁斯的先驱人物雷·查尔斯和奥蒂斯·雷丁等为偶像。凭着他天生的无以伦比的嗓音和杰出的歌曲创作天赋,1983年他以《傻瓜游戏》首先在电台打开名气。这首歌出自哥伦比亚唱片公司制作的以他的名字命名的第一张专辑。1987年他的《饥饿》专辑出版后,歌迷和评论家开始注意这位迅速崛起的天才。但把迈克尔送入流行音乐名人榜的则是1989年多白金销量的《灵魂供给者》专辑,其中包括葛莱美获奖单曲《离开你我将怎样生活》以及《灵魂供应者》。(注意强调句型的识别和翻译问题)
【分析】After the release of The Hunger (1987); fans and critics began to take notice of this fastemerging talent; but it was 1989’s multiplatinum Soul Provider; with hit (hit是名词,修饰singles) singles like the Grammywinning “How Am I Supposed To Live Without You” and the title track; that (that与前面的it构成强调句型结构) catapulted Michael to the upper echelon of pop music luminaries。 (54 words)
15。【译文】杰斐逊结束社会生涯时,始终没有摆脱债务的负担。他的女儿玛莎曾热切地希望父亲老年时不要再为债务困扰,但一直未如愿已偿。相反,在他垂暮之年最扰乱他宁静生活的恰恰是这些债务。杰斐逊的经济情况如同他的身体状况一样每况愈下。到他去世的那年,由于女婿小托马斯·曼·伦道夫破了产,情况更加严重。他得担负女儿和未婚外孙子女的一切费用。(注意破折号引入的插入语的翻译,以及定语从句的翻译)
【分析】Jefferson’s financial situation — like his health (破折号引出插入语) — continued to deteriorate with each passing year; and (and引导两个复合结构的分句) in the final year of his life it (代词,指代financial situation) was exacerbated by the bankruptcy of his soninlaw Thomas Mann Randolph; Jr。; which (which引导非限制性定语从句) left him to provide for all the expenses of his daughter and his unmarried grandchildren。 (50 words)
16。【译文】尼泊尔首相阿查利亚目前正应周恩来总理的邀请在北京进行国事访问。同过去缅甸的吴努总理和印度尼西亚的沙斯特罗阿米佐约总理来进行国事访问时一样,我被安排做代表团的翻译。过去几次,上级交给我的任务都是要我在贵宾们同我国领导人会见时,陪同代表团中级别较低的成员,即贵宾们的警卫和侍从去购物或为他们在看电影时当翻译。这次和过去迥然不同。礼仪部门的同志通知我,今天晚上我将不像往常那样坐在最后一桌为侍从们当翻译,而是坐在第一桌同周总理和阿查利亚首相在一起,为两位国家领导人当翻译。这对我来说,还是生平第一次被委以这样的重任。(注意句子越长,越要学会分析出句子的主干。确定了主干之后,再去分析句子的外围结构。)
【分析】But radically different (different为形容词,引出状语部分。从But radically different至by interpreting Chinese movies for them为整个句子的状语部分,主句为I was going to interpret和I was going to sit at部分) from the previous occasions; when (when作连词,充当occasions的定语从句) my duties were but (but作副词,修饰to interpret的不定式结构) to interpret for the lowest of the low on those delegations; that is (that is引出前面的同位语结构); taking the body guards and personal servants of the dignitaries shopping or entertaining them while (while为连词,引导时间状语从句) their principals were meeting with our state leaders by interpreting Chinese movies for them; this time; as I was informed by the Protocol (as在此分句中充当连词,引出状语从句。此后为整个句子的主干部分); I was going to interpret for both Premier Zhou Enlai and Prime Minister Acharya; and I was going to sit at the first table with the two Prime Ministers and (连词and引导两个状语部分的平行结构,即at the first table与not at the last table) not at the last table with the servants。 (101 words)
17。【译文】例如,社会学家们已经找到了证据,说明社区的大小与赌博、吸毒等坏习性有某些关系。与小地方的居民相比,住在大城市的人更可能有见多识广的观念、更不会受传统的亲戚关系责任所束缚、更可能给左派政治候选人投上一票,以及更可能宽容非传统的宗教团体、不受欢迎的政治组织或所谓不尽人意的东西。作个周全的考虑,我们可以说多样性和违反常规的行为都有可能是人口众多造成的结果。(注意平行结构句在现代英语句法中的普遍使用。分析时注意平行结构所包含的成份,避免遗漏某些成份。)
【分析】Large…city urbanites are also more likely than their smalltown counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook; to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles; to vote for leftist political candidates; and (and引导4个不定式结构,平行结构。在此为be likely to do的搭配。) to be tolerant of (此后为介词of的宾语部分,直到句子的末尾) nontraditional religious groups; unpopular political groups; and socalled undesirables。 (43 words)
18。【译文】一天杰克下班回来,发现自己的狗把邻居的宠物兔子叨在嘴里。兔子已经断气了。杰克吓坏了。他担心邻居会从此怀恨在心,于是他把那被咬得面目全非的兔子拿进屋里,给它洗了个澡,把毛吹干,然后放回邻居的笼子里,希望他们会认为兔子是自然死亡的。几天后,邻居在屋外问杰克,“你听说兔子绒毛死了吗?”(句子的主干构成为连词so引出的结果状语,以及hoping引出的宾语从句。特别注意不能把chewed up理解为谓语,以及对blowdries作为复合动词的识别。)
【分析】He’s afraid that (that引导形容词afraid的宾语从句) the neighbor is going to hate him forever; so he takes the dirty; chewed up (注意chewed up在此作定语,修饰rabbit) rabbit into his house and gives it a bath; blowdries (blowdries为