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According to BT’s futurologist; Ian Pearson; these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1;000 years); when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life。
(3) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place。 Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine; including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040。
Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computerhuman links。“By linking directly to our nervous system; computers could pick up what we feel and; hopefully; simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments; rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck;”he says。 (4) But that; Pearson points out; is only the start of manmachine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century。”
Through his research; Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted。 However; there are still no forecasts for when fasterthanlight travel will be available; or when human cloning will be perfected; or when time travel will be possible。 But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances。 A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will; for example; cause problems in 2010; while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the druids; (5) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder ——kitchen rage。
参考译文
“星球旅行”太空平台再过不到30年将成为现实。大脑神经系统与计算机的直接连接也将创造出全方位感官上的虚拟环境,使得虚拟度假和电影“多面回想”中的度假一模一样。
(1) 届时,将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车,一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规),监控器就会使其停驶。(2) 儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍,具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具,人们将在气味电视机前休闲,届时数字化时代就来到了。
英国电讯公司的未来学家伊恩·皮尔逊认为,上述成果只是新千年最初几十年内开发的部分项目。届时超级计算机将大大加快人类生活各个领域里的进步。
(3) 皮尔逊汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果,编制了一个独特的新技术千年历。它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最晚日期。一些最重大的突破将会发生在医学中,其中包括从现在到2040年间延长人的预期寿命和将投入使用的几十种人造器官。
皮尔逊还预言了各种人机连接的突破。通过直接与我们的神经系统相连接,电脑能够了解到我们的感情并且有望激发我们的情感。我们就能着手开发全方位感官上的环境,与电影“多面回想”或“星球旅行”太空平台中的度假十分相似。(4) 但皮尔逊指出,这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始:“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步,最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。”
经过研究,皮尔逊确定可以预测到的大多数突破的日期,却无法预测快于光速的旅行何时到来,或何时将完成克隆人,或何时可以实现遨游过去或将来的时间旅行。但是皮尔逊确实预料到技术进步所引起的社会问题。例如,在2010年,邻里电子监控摄像机的快速推广将引起许多社会问题,而仿真人造机器人也将问世,人们可能无法把自己的真人朋友和这类机器人区别开来。(5) 家用电器将会变得如此智能化,以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病——厨房狂躁症。
●Exercise (选自于2000年考研英语英译汉真题。)
Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community。 (1) Under modern conditions; this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts。 (2) Furthermore; it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry; and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds。 It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage。 For example; they may encourage research in various ways; including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education; or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science; economics and industry。 In any case; all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds。
(3) Owing to the remarkable development in masscommunications; people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas; while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above。 At the same time; the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past。 For Example; (4) In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization——with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followed——was spread over nearly a century; whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so。 All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned。 (5) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements——themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport。 As a result of all these factors; governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect。参参考译文
世界各国政府在采取措施时都认为,其公民的幸福主要取决于社会的经济实力和财富。(1) 在现代条件下,这需要程度不同的中央控制,从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域专家的协助。(2) 再者,显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工业生产效率密切相关,而效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。换言之,各国政府得越来越多地干预这些部门,以便提高产量并确保产品会得到最好的利用。例如,政府可以用各种方法来鼓励研究,其中包括建立自己的研究中心。政府可以改革教育结构,或干预来减少自然资源的消耗量、开发迄今未被利用的资源;或者政府可以在日益增加的与科学、经济学和工业有关的项目中直接进行协作。总之,所有这些政府干预主要有赖于科学方面的咨询和各种类型的科技人才。
(3) 大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求,不断接触到新的习俗和思想,由于上述原因,政府常常得推出更多的革新。同时,全世界的正常的社会变革速度与过去相比大大加快了。(4)在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中,其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革,持续了大约一世纪之久,而如今一个发展中国家在10年左右就可能完成这个过程。所有这一切额外地增加了社会内部的压力和紧张关系,因而也给有关的政府提出了许多严峻的挑战。(5) 由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。由于这些因素的结果,政府正越来越多地依靠生物学家和社会学家来安排适当的规划,并付诸实施。
二、英译汉评分原则实例
现以2003年考研英语英译汉真题为例说明该部分各句的分数段划分及实例如下:
[第61题评分要点]
61。 One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science (1) 1分‖ continues to trace
behavior to statesthe mind; feelings; traits of character; human nature; and so on。(2) 1分
[可接受译法]
(1) one difficulty is that …… “一个困难就是……”或“几乎所有……,这则是一个难点。”
(2) continues to trace …… to ……“继续(延续)研究(探索,探究)……。”
[不可接受译法]
(1) continues to trace …… to …… “只是to trace …… to ……”(译不出的扣0。5 分);“继续研究行为,去证实人类思维、感情的”;“踪迹、人类自然等的迹象”;“被称为行为科学的知识都要涉及印记行为,如思想、感情的表述”;“不断地从一些细节行为去构建人的认识……”;“行为科学继续影响着人的行为”;“都继续追溯到一些行为状态”等。
[整句示例]
例1:发展行为技术的困难是因为差不多所有的所谓行为科学还继续针对人的意识状态、感情、性格特点、人类本性等来探究行为。(2分)
例2:发展一种可以从中建立行为技术的科学的其中一个困难在于,几乎所有的所谓行为主义科学都遵循有关大脑的状态、感觉、性格特征、人类本质等诸如此类的行为。(1。5分)
例3:难题之一就是几乎所有被称为行为科学的不断地从一些细节行为去构建人的意识、情感、性格、人性等等诸如此类的东西。(1分)
例4:难题之一是被称为行为科学的一切仍要对思想状态、情感、性格、人性等等进行行为测量。(0。5分)
例5:大部分被称作行为科学中的困难,仍在很多研究如思维方式、感觉等方面出现。(0分)
[第62题评分要点]
62。 The behavioral sciences have been slow to change (1) 0。5分‖ partly because the explanatory items often
seem to be directly observed (2) 1分‖ and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find。 (3) 0。5分
[可接受译法]
(1) behavioral sc