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y to come and work under existing conditions and if they were to do so they would be doing more harm than good … they would be doing some poor wretches out of employment。 They are not to be blamed； the people who are to blame are the working classes themselves； who demand and vote for the continuance of the present system。 As for the other class of loafers … those at the bottom； the tramps and people of that sort； if they were to become sober and industrious tomorrow； they also would be doing more harm than good to the other workers； it would increase the competition for work。 If all the loafers in Mugsborough could suddenly be transformed into decent house painters next week； Nimrod might be able to cut down the wages another penny an hour。 I don't wish to speak disrespectfully of these tramps at all。 Some of them are such simply because they would rather starve than submit to the degrading conditions that we submit to； they do not see the force of being bullied and chased； and driven about in order to gain semi…starvation and rags。 They are able to get those without working； and I sometimes think that they are more worthy of respect and are altogether a nobler type of beings than a lot of broken…spirited wretches like ourselves； who are always at the mercy of our masters； and always in dread of the sack。'
‘Any more questions？' said the chairman。
‘Do you mean to say as the time will ever come when the gentry will mix up on equal terms with the likes of us？' demanded the man behind the moat； scornfully。
‘Oh； no；' replied the lecturer。 When we get Socialism there won't be any people like us。 Everybody will be civilized。'
The man behind the moat did not seem very satisfied with this answer； and told the others that he could not see anything to laugh at。
‘Is there any more questions？' cried Philpot。 ‘Now is your chance to get some of your own back； but don't hall speak at once。'
‘I should like to know who's goin' to do all the dirty work？' said Slyme。 ‘If everyone is to be allowed to choose 'is own trade； who'd be fool enough to choose to be a scavenger； a sweep； a dustman or a sewer man？ nobody wouldn't want to do such jobs as them and everyone would be after the soft jobs。'
‘Of course；' cried Crass； eagerly clutching at this last straw。 ‘The thing sounds all right till you comes to look into it； but it wouldn't never work！'
‘It would be very easy to deal with any difficulty of that sort；' replied Barrington； ‘if it were found that too many people were desirous of pursuing certain callings； it would be known that the conditions attached to those kinds of work were unfairly easy； as compared with other lines； so the conditions in those trades would be made more severe。 A higher degree of skill would be required。 If we found that too many persons wished to be doctors； architects； engineers and so forth； we would increase the severity of the examinations。 This would scare away all but the most gifted and enthusiastic。 We should thus at one stroke reduce the number of applicants and secure the very best men for the work … we should have better doctors； better architects； better engineers than before。
‘As regards those disagreeable tasks for which there was a difficulty in obtaining volunteers； we should adopt the opposite means。 Suppose that six hours was the general thing； and we found that we could not get any sewer men； we should reduce the hours of labour in that department to four； or if necessary to two； in order to compensate for the disagreeable nature of the work。
‘Another way out of such difficulties would be to have a separate division of the Industrial army to do all such work； and to make it obligatory for every man to put in his first year of State service as a member of this corps。 There would be no hardship in that。 Everyone gets the benefit of such work； there would be no injustice in requiring everyone to share。 This would have the effect also of stimulating invention； it would be to everyone's interest to think out means of doing away with such kinds of work and there is no doubt that most of it will be done by machinery in some way or other。 A few years ago the only way to light up the streets of a town was to go round to each separate gas lamp and light each jet； one at a time： now； we press a few buttons and light up the town with electricity。 In the future we shall probably be able to press a button and flush the sewers。'
‘What about religion？' said Slyme。 ‘I suppose there won't be no churches nor chapels； we shall all have to be atheists。'
‘Everybody will be perfectly free to enjoy their own opinions and to practise any religion they like； but no religion or sect will be maintained by the State。 If any congregation or body of people wish to have a building for their own exclusive use as a church or chapel or lecture hall it will be supplied to them by the State on the same terms as those upon which dwelling houses will be supplied； the State will construct the special kind of building and the congregation will have to pay the rent； the amount to be based on the cost of construction； in paper money of course。 As far as the embellishment or decoration of such places is concerned； there will of course be nothing to prevent the members of the congregation if they wish from doing any such work as that themselves in their own spare time of which they will have plenty。'
‘If everybody's got to do their share of work； where's the minister and clergymen to come from？'
‘There are at least three ways out of that difficulty。 First； ministers of religion could be drawn from the ranks of the Veterans … men over forty…five years old who had completed their term of State service。 You must remember that these will not be worn out wrecks； as too many of the working classes are at that age now。 They will have had good food and clothing and good general conditions all their lives； and consequently they will be in the very prime of life。 They will be younger than many of us now are at thirty； they will be ideal men for the positions we are speaking of。 All well educated in their youth； and all will have had plenty of leisure for self culture during the years of their State service and they will have the additional recommendation that their congregation will not be required to pay anything for their services。
‘Another way： If a congregation wished to retain the full…time services of a young man whom they thought specially gifted but who had not completed his term of State service； they could secure him by paying the State for his services； thus the young man would still remain in State employment； he would still continue to receive his pay from the National Treasury； and at the age of forty…five would be entitled to his pension like any other worker； and after that the congregation would not have to pay the State anything。
‘A third … and as it seems to me； the most respectable way … would be for the individual in question to act as minister or pastor or lecturer or whatever it was； to the congregation without seeking to get out of doing his share of the State service。 The hours of obligatory work would be so short and the work so light that he would have abundance of leisure to prepare his orations without sponging on his co…religionists。'
‘'Ear； 'ear！' cried Harlow。
‘Of course；' added Barrington； ‘it would not only be congregations of Christians who could adopt any of these methods。 It is possible that a congregation of agnostics； for instance； might want a separate building or to maintain a lecturer。'
‘What the 'ell's an agnostic？' demanded Bundy。
‘An agnostic；' said the man behind the moat； ‘is a bloke wot don't believe nothing unless 'e see it with 'is own eyes。'
‘All these details；' continued the speaker； ‘of the organization of affairs and the work of the Co…operative Commonwealth； are things which do not concern us at all。 They have merely been suggested by different individuals as showing some ways in which these things could be arranged。 The exact methods to be adopted will be decided upon by the opinion of the majority when the work is being done。 Meantime； what we have to do is to insist upon the duty of the State to provide productive work for the unemployed； the State feeding of schoolchildren； the nationalization or Socialization of Railways； Land； the Trusts； and all public services that are still in the hands of private companies。 If you wish to see these things done； you must cease from voting for Liberal and Tory sweaters； shareholders of companies； lawyers； aristocrats； and capitalists； and you must fill the House of Commons with Revolutionary Socialists。 That is … with men who are in favour of completely changing the present system。 And in the day that you do that； you will have solved the poverty 〃problem〃。 No more tramping the streets begging for a job！ No more hungry children at home。 No more broken boots and ragged clothes。 No more women and children killing themselves with painful labour whilst strong men stand idly by； but joyous work and joyous leisure for all。'
‘Is there any more questions？' cried Philpot。
‘Is it true；' said Easton； ‘that Socialists intend to do away with the Army and Navy？'
‘Yes； it is tr