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morsel； and toast it on a fork before the fire； catching the drops which fell on a slice of bread； or in a saucer of rice。 Our flour was the remnant of what was brought from the Cape； by the 'Sirius'； and was good。 Instead of baking it； the soldiers and convicts used to boil it up with greens。＇
The immediate departure of the 'Supply'； for Batavia； was also determined。
Nor did our zeal stop here。 The governor being resolved to employ all the boats； public and private； m procuring fishwhich was intended to be served in lieu of salt meatall the officers； civil and military； including the clergyman； and the surgeons of the hospital； made the voluntary offer； in addition to their other duties； to go alternately every night in these boats； in order to see that every exertion was made； and that all the fish which might be caught was deposited with the commissary。
The best marksmen of the marines and convicts were also selected； and put under the command of a trusty sergeant； with directions to range the woods in search of kangaroos； which were ordered； when brought in； to be delivered to the commissary。
And as it was judged that the inevitable fatigues of shooting and fishing could not be supported on the common ration； a small additional quantity of flour and pork was appropriated to the use of the game…keepers； and each fisherman； who had been out during the preceding night had； on his return in the morning； a pound of uncleaned fish allowed for his breakfast。
On the 17th instant； the 'Supply'； captain Ball； sailed for Batavia。 We followed her with anxious eyes until she was no longer visible。 Truly did we say to her 〃In te omnis domus inclinata recumbit。〃 We were； however； consoled by reflecting； that every thing which zeal； fortitude； and seamanship； could produce； was concentred in her commander。
Our bosoms consequently became less perturbed； and all our labour and attention were turned on one objectthe procuring of food。 〃Pride； pomp； and circumstance of glorious war〃 were no more。
The distress of the lower classes for clothes was almost equal to their other wants。 The stores had been long exhausted； and winter was at hand。 Nothing more ludicrous can be conceived than the expedients of substituting； shifting； and patching； which ingenuity devised； to eke out wretchedness； and preserve the remains of decency。 The superior dexterity of the women was particularly conspicuous。 Many a guard have I seen mount； in which the number of soldiers without shoes exceeded that which had yet preserved remnants of leather。
Nor was another part of our domestic economy less whimsical。 If a lucky man； who had knocked down a dinner with his gun； or caught a fish by angling from the rocks； invited a neighbour to dine with him； the invitation always ran； 〃bring your own bread。〃 Even at the governor's table； this custom was constantly observed。 Every man when he sat down pulled his bread out of his pocket； and laid it by his plate。
The insufficiency of our ration soon diminished our execution of labour。 Both soldiers and convicts pleaded such loss of strength； as to find themselves unable to perform their accustomed tasks。 The hours of public work were accordingly shortened or； rather； every man was ordered to do as much as his strength would permit； and every other possible indulgence was granted。
May； 1790。 In proportion； however； as lenity and mitigation were extended to inability and helplessness； inasmuch was the most rigorous justice executed on disturbers of the public tranquillity。 Persons detected in robbing gardens； or pilfering provisions； were never screened because； as every man could possess； by his utmost exertions； but a bare sufficiency to preserve life*； he who deprived his neighbour of that little； drove him to desperation。 No new laws for the punishment of theft were enacted； but persons of all descriptions were publicly warned； that the severest penalties； which the existing law in its greatest latitude would authorise； should be inflicted on offenders。 The following sentence of a court of justice； of which I was a member； on a convict detected in a garden stealing potatoes； will illustrate the subject。 He was ordered to receive three hundred lashes immediately； to be chained for six months to two other criminals； who were thus fettered for former offences； and to have his allowance of flour stopped for six months。 So that during the operation of the sentence； two pounds of pork； and two pounds of rice （or in lieu of the latter； a quart of pease） per week； constituted his whole subsistence。 Such was the melancholy length to which we were compelled to stretch our penal system。
＇*Its preservation in some cases was found impracticable。 Three or four instances of persons who perished from want have been related to me。 One only； however； fell within my own observation。 I was passing the provision store； when a man； with a wild haggard countenance； who had just received his daily pittance to carry home； came out。 His faltering gait； and eager devouring eye； led me to watch him； and he had not proceeded ten steps before he fell。 I ordered him to be carried to the hospital； where； when he arrived； he was found dead。 On opening the body； the cause of death was pronounced to be inanition。＇
Farther to contribute to the detection of villainy； a proclamation； offering a reward of sixty pounds of flour； more tempting than the ore of Peru or Potosi； was promised to any one who should apprehend； and bring to justice； a robber of garden ground。
Our friend Baneelon； during this season of scarcity； was as well taken care of as our desperate circumstances would allow。 We knew not how to keep him； and yet were unwilling to part with him。 Had he penetrated our state； perhaps he might have given his countrymen such a description of our diminished numbers； and diminished strength； as would have emboldened them to become more troublesome。 Every expedient was used to keep him in ignorance。 His allowance was regularly received by the governor's servant； like that of any other person； but the ration of a week was insufficient to have kept him for a day。 The deficiency was supplied by fish whenever it could be procured； and a little Indian corn； which had been reserved was ground and appropriated to his use。 In spite of all these aids； want of food has been known to make him furious and often melancholy。
There is reason to believe that he had long meditated his escape； which he effected in the night of the 3rd instant。 About two o'clock in the morning； he pretended illness； and awaking the servant who lay in the room with him； begged to go down stairs。 The other attended him without suspicion of his design； and Baneelon no sooner found himself in a backyard； than he nimbly leaped over a slight paling； and bade us adieu。
The following public order was issued within the date of this chapter； and is too pleasing a proof that universal depravity did not prevail among the convicts； to be omitted。
The governor； in consequence of the unremitted good behaviour and meritorious conduct of John Irving； is pleased to remit the remainder of the term for which he was sentenced to transportation。 He is therefore to be considered as restored to all those rights and privileges； which had been suspended in consequence of the sentence of the law。 And as such； he is hereby appointed to act as an assistant to the surgeon at Norfolk Island。
CHAPTER VII
Transactions of the Colony in June； July； and August； 1790。
At length the clouds of misfortune began to separate； and on the evening of the 3rd of June； the joyful cry of 〃the flag's up〃 resounded in every direction。
I was sitting in my hut； musing on our fate； when a confused clamour in the street drew my attention。 I opened my door； and saw several women with children in their arms running to and fro with distracted looks； congratulating each other； and kissing their infants with the most passionate and extravagant marks of fondness。 I needed no more； but instantly started out； and ran to a hill； where； by the assistance of a pocket glass； my hopes were realized。 My next door neighbour； a brother…officer； was with me； but we could not speak。 We wrung each other by the hand； with eyes and hearts overflowing。
Finding that the governor intended to go immediately in his boat down the harbour； I begged to be of his party。
As we proceeded； the object of our hopes soon appeared： a large ship； with English colours flying； working in； between the heads which form the entrance of the harbour。 The tumultuous state of our minds represented her in danger； and we were in agony。 Soon after； the governor； having ascertained what she was； left us； and stepped into a fishing boat to return to Sydney。 The weather was wet and tempestuous but the body is delicate only when the soul is at ease。 We pushed through wind and rain； the anxiety of our sensations every moment redoubling。 At last we read the word 'London' on her stern。 〃Pull away； my lads！ She is from Old England！ A few strokes more； and we shall be aboard！ Hurrah for a bellyfull； and news from our friends！〃 Such were our exhortations to the boat's crew。
A few minutes completed o