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expeditions to Walcheren；
the letters to chief…judge Régnier and to the arch…chancellor
Cambacérès on expropriations for public benefit （Aug。 21； Sept。 7
and 29）；
the letters and orders to M。 de Champagny to treat with Austria （Aug。
19； and Sept。 10； 15； 18； 22； and 23）；
the letters to Admirable Decrès； to despatch naval expeditions to the
colonies （Aug。17 and Sept。 26）；
the letter to Mollien on the budget of expenditure （Aug。 8）；
the letter to Clarke on the statement of guns in store throughout the
empire （Sept。 14）。
Other letters； ordering the preparation of two treatises on military
art （Oct。 1）； two works on the history and encroachments of the Holy
See （Oct。 3）； prohibiting conferences at Saint…Sulpice （Sept。 15）；
and forbidding priests to preach outside the churches （Sept。 24）。…
From Schoenbrunn； he watches the details of public works in France and
Italy； for instance； the letters to M。 le Montalivet （Sept。30）； to
send an auditor post to Parma； to have a dyke repaired at once； and
（Oct。 8） to hasten the building of several bridges and quays at
Lyons。
＇70＇ He says himself； 〃I always transpose my theme in many ways。〃
＇71＇ Madame de Rémusat； I。； 117； 120。 〃1 heard M。 de Talleyrand
exclaim one day； some what out of humor； 'This devil of a man misleads
you in all directions。 Even his passions escape you； for he finds
some way to counterfeit them； although they really exist。'〃 … For
example； immediately prior to the violent confrontation with Lord
Whitworth； which was to put an end to the treaty of Amiens； he was
chatting and amusing himself with the women and the infant Napoleon；
his nephew； in the gayest and most unconcerned manner： 〃He is suddenly
told that the company had assembled。 His countenance changes like
that of an actor when the scene shifts。 He seems to turn pale at will
and his features contract〃； he rises； steps up precipitately to the
English ambassador； and fulminates for two hours before two hundred
persons。 （Hansard's Parliamentary History； vol。 XXVI； dispatches of
Lord Whitworth； pp。 1798； 1302； 1310。） … 〃He often observes that the
politician should calculate every advantage that could be gained by
his defects。〃 One day； after an explosion he says to Abbé de Pradt：
〃You thought me angry！ you are mistaken。 Anger with me never mounts
higher than here （pointing to his neck）。〃
＇72＇ Roederer； III。 （The first days of Brumaire； year VIII。）
＇73＇ Bourrienne； III。； 114。
＇74＇ Bourrienne； II。； 228。 （Conversation with Bourrienne in the park
at Passeriano。）
＇75＇ Ibid。； II。； 331。 （Written down by Bourrienne the same evening。）
＇76＇ Madame de Rémusat； I。； 274。 … De Ségur； II。； 459。 （Napoleon's
own words on the eve of the battle of Austerlitz）： 〃Yes； if I had
taken Acre； I would have assumed the turban； I would have put the army
in loose breeches； I would no longer have exposed it； except at the
last extremity； I would have made it my sacred battalion； my
immortals。 It is with Arabs； Greeks； and Armenians that I would have
ended the war against the Turks。 Instead of one battle in Moravia I
would have gained a battle of Issus； I would have made myself emperor
of the East； and returned to Paris by the way of Constantinople。〃 … De
Pradt； p。19 （Napoleon's own words at Mayence； September； 1804）： 〃Since
two hundred years there is nothing more to do in Europe； it is only in
the East that things can be carried out on a grand scale。〃
＇77＇ Madame de Rémusat； I。； 407。 … Miot de Melito； II。； 214 （a few
weeks after his coronation）： 〃There will be no repose in Europe until
it is under one head； under an Emperor； whose officers would be kings；
who would distribute kingdoms to his lieutenants； who would make one
of them King of Italy； another King of Bavaria； here a landmann of
Switzerland； and here a stadtholder of Holland； etc。〃
＇78＇ 〃Correspondance de Napoleon I。；〃 vol。 XXX。； 550； 558。 （Memoirs
dictated by Napoleon at Saint Hélène。） … Miot de Melito； II。； 290。 …
D'Hausonvillc； 〃l'église Romaine et le Premier Empire；〃 passiM。 …〃
Mémorial。〃 〃Paris would become the capital of the Christian world； and
I would have governed the religious world as well as the political
world。〃
＇79＇ De Pradt； 23。
＇80＇ 〃Mémoires et Mémorial。〃 〃It was essential that Paris should
become the unique capital； not to be compared with other capitals。
The masterpieces of science and of art； the museums； all that had
illustrated past centuries； were to be collected there。 Napoleon
regretted that he could not transport St。 Peter's to Paris； the
meanness of Notre Dame dissatisfied him。〃
＇81＇ Villemain； 〃Souvenir contemporaines；〃 I。； 175。 Napoleon's
statement to M。 de Narbonne early in March； 1812； and repeated by him
to Villemain an hour afterwards。 The wording is at second hand and
merely a very good imitation； while the ideas are substantially
Napoleon's。 Cf。 his fantasies about Italy and the Mediterranean；
equally exaggerated （〃Correspondence；〃 XXX。； 548）； and an admirable
improvisation on Spain and the colonies at Bayonne。 … De Pradt。
〃Mémoires sur les revolutions d'Espagne；〃 p。130： 〃Therefore Napoleon
talked； or rather poetised； he Ossianized for a long time 。 。 。
like a man full of a sentiment which oppressed him； in an animated；
picturesque style； and with the impetuosity； imagery； and originality
which were familiar to him； 。 。 。 on the vast throne of Mexico and
Peru； on the greatness of the sovereigns who should possess them 。 。
。 。 and on the results which these great foundations would have on
the universe。 I had often heard him； but under no circumstances had I
ever heard him develop such a wealth and compass of imagination。
Whether it was the richness of his subject； or whether his faculties
had become excited by the scene he conjured up； and all the chords of
the instrument vibrated at once； he was sublime。〃
＇82＇ Roederer； III。； 541 （February 2； 1809）： 〃I love power。 But I
love it as an artist。 。 。 。 I love it as a musician loves his
violin； for the tones； chords； and harmonies he can get out of it。〃
CHAPTER II。 His Ideas； Passions and Intelligence。
I。 Intense Passions。
Personality and character during the Italian Renaissance and during
the present time。 … Intensity of the passions in Bonaparte。 … His
excessive touchiness。 … His immediate violence。 … His impatience；
rapidity； and need of talking。 … His temperament； tension； and faults。
On taking a near view of the contemporaries of Dante and Michael
Angelo； we find that they differ from us more in character than in
intellect。＇1＇ With us； three hundred years of police and of courts of
justice； of social discipline and peaceful habits； of hereditary
civilization； have diminished the force and violence of the passions
natural to Man。 In Italy； in the Renaissance epoch； they were still
intact； human emotions at that time were keener and more profound than
at the present day； the appetites were ardent and more unbridled；
man's will was more impetuous and more tenacious； whatever motive
inspired； whether pride； ambition； jealousy； hatred； love； envy； or
sensuality； the inward spring strained with an energy and relaxed with
a violence that has now disappeared。 All these energies reappear in
this great survivor of the fifteenth century； in him the play of the
nervous machine is the same as with his Italian ancestors； never was
there； even with the Malatestas and the Borgias； a more sensitive and
more impulsive intellect； one capable of such electric shocks and
explosions； in which the roar and flashes of tempest lasted longer and
of which the effects were more irresistible。 In his mind no idea
remains speculative and pure； none is a simple transcript of the real；
or a simple picture of the possible； each is an internal eruption；
which suddenly and spontaneously spends itself in action； each darts
forth to its goal and would reach it without stopping were it not kept
back and restrained by force＇2＇ Sometimes； the eruption is so sudden；
that the restraint does not come soon enough。 One day； in Egypt；＇3＇
on entertaining a number of French ladies at dinner； he has one of
them； who was very pretty and whose husband he had just sent off to
France； placed alongside of him； suddenly； as if accidentally； he
overturns a pitcher of water on her； and； under the pretence of
enabling her to rearrange her wet dress； he leads her into another
room where he remains with her a long time； too long； while the other
guests seated at the table wait quietly and exchange glances。 Another
day； at Paris； toward the epoch of the Concordat；＇4＇ he says to
Senator Volney： 〃France wants a religion。〃 Volney replies in a frank；
sententious way； 〃France wants the Bourbons。〃 Whereupon he gives
Volney a kick in the stomach and he falls unconscious； on being moved
to a friend's house； he remains there i