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iges；〃 a Prussian Frenchman； 〃one of the Judges； and that Maupertuis answered； 'I cannot interfere in a bad business （ME MELER D'UNE MAUVAISE AFFAIRE）。'〃 The other French Biographies； definable as 〃IGNOR…AMUS speaking in a loud voice to IGNOR…ATIS；〃 require to be altogether swept aside in this matter。 Even 〃Clog。〃 jumbling Voltaire's undated LETTERS into confusion thrice confounded； and droning out vituperatively in the dark； becomes a MINUS quantity in these Friedrich affairs。 In regard to the Hirsch Process； our one irrefragable set of evidences is： The Prussian LAW…REPORT by KLEIN；especially the Documents produced in Court； and the Sentence given。 ＇Ernst Ferdinand Klein； Annalen der Gesetzgebung und Rechtsgelehrsamkeit in den Preussischen Staaten （Berlin und Stettin）； 1790；〃 v。 215…260。＇ Other lights are to be gathered； with severe scrutiny and caution； from the circumambient contemporary rumor；especially from the PREFACE to a 〃Comedy〃 so called of 〃TANTALE EN PROCES （Tantalus；〃 Voltaire； 〃at Law〃）；which PREFACE is evidently Hirsch's own Story； put into language for him by some humane friend； and addressed to a 〃clear…seeing Public。〃 ＇TANTALE EN PROCES （ascribed to Friedrich himself； by some wonderful persons！） is in Supplement aux OEuvres Posthumes de Frederic II。 （Cologne； 1789）； i。 319 et seq。 Among the weakest of Comedies （might be by D'Arnaud； or some such hand）； nothing in it worth reading except the Preface。＇ 〃And in fine；〃 says my Manuscript； 〃by sweeping out the distinctly false； and well discriminating the indubitable from what is still in part dubitable； sufficient twilight ＇abridgable in a high degree； I hope！＇ rises over the Affair； to render it visible in all its main features。〃
THE VOLTAIRE…HIRSCH TRANSACTION： PART I。 ORIGIN OF LAWSUIT （10th November…25th December； 1750）。
〃Saxon STEUER…SCHEIN； some readers know； is； in the rough； equivalent to Exchequer Bill。 Payable at the Saxon Treasury； to Prussians； in gold； to all other men； in paper only；which （thanks to Bruhl and his unheard…of expenditures and financierings） is now at a discount say of 25； or even 30 per cent。 By Article Eleventh of the Dresden TREATY OF PEACE； King Friedrich； if our readers have not forgotten； got stipulated； That all Prussian holders of these SCHEINE should be paid in gold； interest at the due days； and at the due days principal itself：in gold they； whatever became of others。 No farther specifications； as to proof； method； limits or conditions of any kind； occur in regard to this Eleventh Article； which is a just one； beyond doubt； but most carelessly drawn up。 Apparently it trusts altogether to the personal honesty of all Prussian subjects： 'Prove yourself a Prussian subject； and we pay your Steuer…Schein in real money。' But now if a Saxon or other Non…Prussian； who can get no payment save in paper； were to have his Note smuggled or trafficked over into Prussia； and presented as a Prussian one？ In our time； such traffic would start on the morrow morning； and in a week or two； all Notes whatsoever would be presented as Prussian； payable in gold！ Not so in those days；though a small contraband of that kind does by degrees threaten to establish itself； and Friedrich had to publish severe rescripts （one before this Hirsch…Voltaire business； ＇10th August； 1748 （Seyfarth； i。 62）。＇ one still severer after）； and menace it down again。 The malpractice seems to have proved menaceable in that manner； nor was any new arrangement made upon it；no change； till the Steuer…Scheine； by their gradual terms； were all paid either in real money or imaginary； and thus； in the course of years； the thing burnt to the socket； and went out。〃
Voltaire's rash Adventure； dangerous Navigation and gradual Wreck； in this Forbidden Sea of Steuer…Scheine；will become conceivable to readers； on study diligent enough of the following Documents and select Details：
DOCUMENT FIRST （a small Missive； in Voltaire's hand）。
〃Je prie instamment monsieur hersch de venir demain mardi matin a potsdam pour affaire pressante； et d'aporter （SIC） avec luy les diamants qui doivent servir pour la representation de la tragedie qui se jouera a cinq heures de soir chez S。A。R。 Monseigneur le Prince henri 〃Ce lundy a midy。 VOLTAIRE。〃
Which being interpreted； rightly spelt； and dated （as by chance we can do） with distinctness； will run as follows in English： 〃POTSDAM； Monday； 9th November； 1750。 〃I earnestly request Mr。 Hirsch to come to…morrow Tuesday morning to Potsdam； on business that is urgent； and to bring with him the Diamonds needed for the Tragedy which is to be represented； at five in the evening； in His Royal Highness Prince Henry's Apartment。〃 ＇Klein； v。 260。＇
〃On Tuesday the 10th；〃 say the Old Newspapers； 〃was ROME SAUVEE；〃 with Voltaire； perceptible there as 〃CICERON；〃 ＇Rodenbeck； i。 209。＇ in due splendor of diamonds； Hirsch having no doubt been punctual。 A glorious enough Cicero；and such a piece of 〃urgent business〃 done with your Hirsch； just before emerging on the stage！
〃Hirsch； in that NARRATIVE； describes himself as a young innocent creature。 Not very old； we will believe： but as to innocence！For certain； he is named Abraham Hirsch； or Hirschel： a Berlin Jew of the Period； whom one inclines to figure as a florid oily man； of Semitic features； in the prime of life； who deals much in jewels； moneys； loans； exchanges； all kinds of Jew barter； whether absolutely in old clothes； we do not knowcertainly not unless there is a penny to be turned。 The man is of oily Semitic type； not old in years；there is a fraternal Hirsch； and also a paternal； who is head of the firm；and this young one seems to be already old in Jew art。 Speaks French and other dialects； in a Hebrew； partially intelligible manner； supplies Voltaire with diamonds for his stage…dresses； as we perceive。 To all appearance； nearly destitute of human intellect； but with abundance of vulpine instead。 Very cunning； stupid； seemingly； as a mule otherwise； and； on the whole； resembling in various points of character a mule put into breeches； and made acquainted with the uses of money。 He is come 'on pressing business；'perhaps not of stage…diamonds alone？ Here now is DOCUMENT SECOND； nearly of the same date； may be of the very same；more likely is a few days later； and betokens mysterious dialogue and consultation held on Tuesday 10th。 It is in two hands： written on some scrap or TORN bit of paper； to judge by the length of the lines。
DOCUMENT SECOND。
〃In Voltaire's hand； this part：
'Savoir s'il est encore tems de declarer les billets qu'on a sur la steure。 si on en specifie le numero dans la declaration。'
'If it is still time to declare ＇to announce in Saxony and demand payment for＇ Notes one holds on the Steuer？ If one is to specify the No。 in the declaration？'
〃In Hirsch's hand； this part：
'l'on peut declarer des billets sur la steure； qu'on a en depost en pays etranger； et dont on ne pourra savoir le numero que dans quinze jours ou trois Semaines。' ＇Klein； 259。＇
'One can declare Notes on the Steuer； which one holds in deposit in Foreign Countries； and of which one cannot state the No。 till after a fortnight or three weeks。'
〃Which of these Two was the Serpent； which the Eve； in this STEUER… SCHEIN Tree of Knowledge； that grew in the middle of Paradise； remains entirely uncertain。 Hirsch； of course； says it was Voltaire； Voltaire （not aware that DOCUMENT SECOND remained in existence） had denied that his Hirsch business was in any way concerned with STEUER；and must have been a good deal struck； when DOCUMENT SECOND came to light； though what could he do but still deny！ Hirsch asserts himself to have objected the 'illegality； the King's anger；' but that Voltaire answered in hints about his favor with the King； 'about his power to make one a Court…Jeweller；' if he liked； and so at last tempted the baby innocence of Hirsch；for the rest； admits that the Steuer…Notes were expected to yield a Profitof 35 per cent：and； in fact； a dramatic reader can imagine to himself dialogue enough； at different times； going on； partly by words； partly by hint； innuendo and dumb…show； between this Pair of Stage…Beauties。 But； for near a fortnight after DOCUMENT FIRST； there is nothing dated； or that can be clearly believed；till；
〃MONDAY； 23d NOVEMBER； 1750。 It is credibly certain the Jew Hirsch came again； this day； to the Royal Schloss of Potsdam； to Voltaire's apartment there ＇right overhead of King Friedrich's； it is！＇where； after such dialogue as can be guessed at； there was handed to Hirsch by Voltaire； in the form of Two negotiable Bills； a sum of about 2；250 pounds； with which the Jew is to make at once for Dresden； and buy Steuer…Scheine。 ＇Hirsch's Narrative； in Preface to Tantale en Proces； p。 340。＇ Steuer…Scheine without fail： 'but in talking or corresponding on the matter； we are always to call them FURS or DIAMONDS；'mystery of mysteries being the rule for us。 This considerable sum of 2；250 pounds may it not otherwise； contrives Voltaire； be called a 'Loan' to Jeweller Hirsc