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hington now of some use again；who were ranked well to rearward； and able to receive the ambuscade as an open fight。 Stood striving； for about three hours。 And would have saved the retreat； had there been a retreat； instead of a panic rout； to save。 The poor Generalebbing homewards； he and his Enterprise； hour after hourroused himself twice only； for a moment； from his death…stupor： once； the first night； to ejaculate mournfully； 〃Who would have thought it！〃 And again once； he was heard to say； days after； in a tone of hope； 〃Another time we will do better！〃 which were his last words； 〃death following in a few minutes。〃 Weary； heavy…laden soul； deep Sleep now descending on it；soft sweet cataracts of Sleep and Rest； suggesting hope； and triumph over sorrow； after all：〃Another time we will do better；〃 and in few minutes was dead！ ＇Manuscript JOURNAL OF GENERAL BRADDOCK'S EXPEDITION IN 1755 （British Museum： King's Library； 271 e； King's Mss。 212）： raw…material； this； of the Official Account （ London Gazette； August 26th； 1755）； where it is faithfully enough abridged。 Will perhaps be printed by some inquiring PITTSBURGHER； one day； after good study on the ground itself？ It was not till 1758 that the bones of the slain were got buried； and the infant Pittsburg （now so busy and smoky） rose from the ashes of FORT DUQUESNE。＇
The Colonial Populations； who had been thinking of Triumphal Arches for Braddock's return； are struck to the nadir by this news。 French and Indians break over the Mountains； harrying； burning； scalping； the Black Settlers fly inward； with horror and despair： 〃And the Home Government； too； can prove a broken reed？ What is to become of us； whose is America to be？〃And in fact； under such guidance from Home Governments and Colonial； there is no saying how the matter might have gone。 To men of good judgment； and watching on the spot； it was； for years coming； an ominous dubiety；the chances rather for the French； 〃who understand war； and are all under one head。〃 ＇Governor Pownal's Memorial （of which INFRA）； in Thackeray's Life of Chatham。 ＇ But there happens to be in England a Mr。 Pitt； with royal eyes more and more indignantly set on this Business； and in the womb of Time there lie combinations and conjunctures。 If the Heavens have so decreed！
The English had； before this； despatched their Admiral Boscawen； to watch certain War…ships； which they had heard the French were fitting out for America； and to intercept the same； by capture if not otherwise。 Boscawen is on the outlook； accordingly； descries a French fleet； Coast of Newfoundland； first days of June； loses it again in the fogs of the Gulf…Stream； but has； June 9th （a month before that of Braddock）； come up with Two Frigates of it； and； after short broadsiding； made prizes of them。 And now； on this Braddock Disaster； orders went； 〃To seize and detain all French Ships whatsoever； till satisfaction were had。〃 And； before the end of this Year； about 〃800 French ships （value； say； 700；000 pounds）〃 were seized accordingly； where seizable on their watery ways。 Which the French （〃our own conduct in America being so undeniably proper〃） characterized as utter piracy and robbery；and getting no redress upon it； by demand in that style； had to take it as no better than meaning Open War Declared。 ＇Paris； December 21st； 1755； Minister Rouille's Remonstrance； with menace 〃UNLESS：〃 London； January 13th； 1756； Secretary Fox's reply； 〃WELL THEN； NO！〃 Due official 〃Declaration of War〃 followed： on the English part； 〃17th May； 1756；〃 〃9th June；〃 on the French part。＇
Chapter XV。
ANTI…PRUSSIAN WAR…SYMPTOMS： FRIEDRICH VISIBLE FOR A MOMENT。
The Burning of AKAKIA； and those foolish Maupertuis…Voltaire Duellings （by syringe and pistol） had by no means been Friedrich's one concern； at the time Voltaire went off。 Precisely in those same months； Carnival 1752…1753； King Friedrich had； in a profoundly private manner； come upon certain extensive Anti…Prussian Symptoms； Austrian； Russian； Saxon； of a most dangerous； abstruse； but at length indubitable sort； and is； ever since； prosecuting his investigation of them； as a thing of life and death to him！ Symptoms that there may well be a THIRD Silesian War ripening forward； inevitable； and of weightier and fiercer quality than ever。 So the Symptoms indicate to Friedrich； with a fatally increasing clearness。 And； of late； he has to reflect withal： 〃If these French…English troubles bring War； our Symptoms will be ripe！〃 As； in fact； they proved to be。
King Friedrich's investigations and decisions on this matter will be touched upon； farther on： but readers can take； in the mean time； the following small Documentary Piece as Note of Preparation。 The facts shadowed forth are of these Years now current （1752…1755）； though this judicial Deposition to the Facts is of ulterior date （1757）。
In the course of 1756； as will well appear farther on； it became manifest to the Saxon Court and to all the world that somebody had been playing traitor in the Dresden Archives。 Somebody； especially in the Foreign Department； copying furtively； and imparting to Prussia； Despatches of the most secret； thrice…secret and thrice… dangerous nature； which lie reposited there！ Who can have done it？ Guesses； researcher； were many： at length suspicion fell on one Menzel； a KANZELLIST （Government Clerk）； of good social repute； and superior official ability； who is not himself in the Foreign Department at all； but whose way of living； or the like sign； had perhaps seemed questionable。 In 1757； Menzel； and the Saxon Court and its businesses； were all at Warsaw； Menzel dreaming of no disturbance； but prosecuting his affairs as formerly；when； one day； September 24th （the slot…hounds； long scenting and tracking； being now at the mark）； Menzel and an Associate of his were suddenly arrested。 Confronted with their crimes； with the proofs in readiness； and next day；made a clear Confession； finding the matter desperate otherwise； Copy of which； in Notarial form； exact and indisputable； the reader shall now see。 As this story； of Friedrich and the Saxon Archives； was very famous in the world； and mythic circumstances are prevalent； let us glance into it with our own eyes； since there is opportunity in brief compass。
〃EXTRACTUS PROTOCOLLORUM IN INQUISITIONS…SACHEN；〃THAT IS TO SAY； EXTRACT OF PROTOCOLS IN INQUEST 〃CONTRA FRIEDRICH WILHELM MENZEL AND JOHANN BENJAMIN ERFURTH。〃
〃AT WARSAW； 25th SEPTEMBER； 1757： This day； in the King's Name； in presence of Legationsrath von Saul； Hofrath Ferbers and Kriegsrath von Gotze the Undersigned： Examination of the Kabinets…Kanzellist Menzel； arrested yesterday； and now brought from his place of arrest to the Royal Palace；who； ADMONITUS DE DICENDA VERITATE； made answers； to the effect following：
〃His name is Friedrich Wilhelm Menzel； age thirty…eight； is a son of the late Hofrath and Privy…referendary Menzel； who formerly was in the King's service； and died a few years back。 Has been seventeen years Kanzellist at the GEHEIME CABINETS…CANZLEI （Secret Archive）； had taken the oath when he entered on his office。
〃Acknowledges some Slips of Paper （ZETTEL）； now shown to him； to be his handwriting： they contained news intended to be communicated to the Prussian Secretary Benoit； now residing here〃； at Dresden formerly。
〃Confesses that he has employed； here as well as previously in Dresden； his Brother…in…law； the journeyman goldsmith Erfurth （who was likewise arrested yesterday）； to convey to the Prussian Secretaries； Plessmann and Benoit； such pieces and despatches from the Secret Cabinet； especially the Foreign department； as he； Menzel； wanted to communicate to said Prussian Secretaries。
〃Confesses having received； by degrees； since the year 1752； from the Prussian Minister （ENVOYE） von Mahlzahn； and the Secretaries Plessmann and Benoit； for such communications； the sum of 3；000 thalers （450 pounds） in all。
〃Was led into these treasonable practices by the following circumstance： He owed at that time 100 thalers on a Promissory Note； to a certain Rhenitz； who then lived （HIELT SICH AUF） at Dresden； and who pressed him much for payment。 As he pleaded inability to pay； Rhenitz hinted that he could put him into the way of getting money； and accordingly； at last； took him to the then Prussian Secretary Hecht； at Dresden； by whom he was at once carried to the Prussian Minister von Mahlzahn； who gave him 100 thalers （15 pounds）； with the request to communicate to him； now and then； news from the Archive of the Cabinet。 For a length of time Prisoner could not accomplish this； as the said Von Mahlzahn wanted Pieces from the Foreign Office； and especially the Correspondence with the two Imperial Courts of Austria and Russia。 These papers were locked in presses； which Prisoner could not get at； moreover； the Court had； in the mean time； gone to Warsaw； Prisoner remaining at Dresden。 In that way； many months passed without his being able to communicate anything； till； at last； about December； 1752； the Secretary Plessmann gave him a whole bunch of keys； which were said to be sent by Privy…counsellor Eichel of Potsdam ＇w