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The lid of the soup…tureen drew a momentary glance from Genestas； he noticed that it was surmounted by a group of vegetables in high relief； skilfully colored after the manner of Bernard Palissy； the celebrated sixteenth century craftsman。
There was no lack of character about the group of men thus assembled。 The powerful heads of Genestas and Benassis contrasted admirably with M。 Janvier's apostolic countenance； and in the same fashion the elderly faces of the justice of the peace and the deputy…mayor brought out the youthfulness of the notary。 Society seemed to be represented by these various types。 The expression of each one indicated contentment with himself and with the present； and a faith in the future。 M。 Tonnelet and M。 Janvier； who were still young； loved to make forecasts of coming events； for they felt that the future was theirs； while the other guests were fain rather to turn their talk upon the past。 All of them faced the things of life seriously； and their opinions seemed to reflect a double tinge of soberness； on the one hand； from the twilight hues of well…nigh forgotten joys that could never more be revived for them； and； on the other； from the gray dawn which gave promise of a glorious day。
〃You must have had a very tiring day； sir？〃 said M。 Cambon； addressing the cure。
〃Yes； sir；〃 answered M。 Janvier； 〃the poor cretin and Pere Pelletier were buried at different hours。〃
〃Now we can pull down all the hovels of the old village；〃 Benassis remarked to his deputy。 〃When the space on which the houses stand has been grubbed up； it will mean at least another acre of meadow land for us； and furthermore； there will be a clear saving to the Commune of the hundred francs that it used to cost to keep Chautard the cretin。〃
〃For the next three years we ought to lay out the hundred francs in making a single…span bridge to carry the lower road over the main stream；〃 said M。 Cambon。 〃The townsfolk and the people down the valley have fallen into the way of taking a short cut across that patch of land of Jean Francois Pastoureau's； before they have done they will cut it up in a way that will do a lot of harm to that poor fellow。〃
〃I am sure that the money could not be put to a better use；〃 said the justice of peace。 〃In my opinion the abuse of the right of way is one of the worst nuisances in a country district。 One…tenth of the cases that come before the court are caused by unfair easement。 The rights of property are infringed in this way almost with impunity in many and many a commune。 A respect for the law and a respect for property are ideas too often disregarded in France； and it is most important that they should be inculcated。 Many people think that there is something dishonorable in assisting the law to take its course。 'Go and be hanged somewhere else；' is a saying which seems to be dictated by an unpraiseworthy generosity of feeling； but at the bottom it is nothing but a hypocritical formulaa sort of veil which we throw over our own selfishness。 Let us own to it； we lack patriotism！ The true patriot is the citizen who is so deeply impressed with a sense of the importance of the laws that he will see them carried out even at his own cost and inconvenience。 If you let the criminal go in peace； are you not making yourself answerable for the crimes he will commit？〃
〃It is all of a piece；〃 said Benassis。 〃If the mayors kept their roads in better order； there would not be so many footpaths。 And if the members of Municipal Councils knew a little better； they would uphold the small landowner and the mayor when the two combine to oppose the establishment of unfair easements。 The fact that chateau； cottage； field； and tree are all equally sacred would then be brought home in every way to the ignorant； they would be made to understand that Right is just the same in all cases； whether the value of the property in question be large or small。 But such salutary changes cannot be brought about all at once。 They depend almost entirely on the moral condition of the population； which we can never completely reform without the potent aid of the cures。 This remark does not apply to you in any way； M。 Janvier。〃
〃Nor do I take it to myself；〃 laughed the cure。 〃Is not my heart set on bringing the teaching of the Catholic religion to co…operate with your plans of administration？ For instance； I have often tried； in my pulpit discourses on theft； to imbue the folk of this parish with the very ideas of Right to which you have just given utterance。 For truly； God does not estimate theft by the value of the thing stolen； He looks at the thief。 That has been the gist of the parables which I have tried to adapt to the comprehension of my parishioners。〃
〃You have succeeded； sir；〃 said Cambon。 〃I know the change you have brought about in people's ways of looking at things； for I can compare the Commune as it is now with the Commune as it used to be。 There are certainly very few places where the laborers are as careful as ours are about keeping the time in their working hours。 The cattle are well looked after； any damage that they do is done by accident。 There is no pilfering in the woods； and finally you have made our peasants clearly understand that the leisure of the rich is the reward of a thrifty and hard…working life。〃
〃Well； then；〃 said Genestas； 〃you ought to be pretty well pleased with your infantry； M。 le Cure。〃
〃We cannot expect to find angels anywhere here below； captain；〃 answered the priest。 〃Wherever there is poverty； there is suffering too； and suffering and poverty are strong compelling forces which have their abuses； just as power has。 When the peasants have a couple of leagues to walk to their work； and have to tramp back wearily in the evening； they perhaps see sportsmen taking short cuts over ploughed land and pasture so as to be back to dinner a little sooner； and is it to be supposed that they will hesitate to follow the example？ And of those who in this way beat out a footpath such as these gentlemen have just been complaining about； which are the real offenders； the workers or the people who are simply amusing themselves？ Both the rich and the poor give us a great deal of trouble these days。 Faith； like power； ought always to descend from the heights above us； in heaven or on earth； and certainly in our times the upper classes have less faith in them than the mass of the people； who have God's promise of heaven hereafter as a reward for evils patiently endured。 With due submission to ecclesiastical discipline； and deference to the views of my superiors； I think that for some time to come we should be less exacting as to questions of doctrine； and rather endeavor to revive the sentiment of religion in the hearts of the intermediary classes； who debate over the maxims of Christianity instead of putting them in practice。 The philosophism of the rich has set a fatal example to the poor； and has brought about intervals of too long duration when men have faltered in their allegiance to God。 Such ascendency as we have over our flocks to…day depends entirely on our personal influence with them； is it not deplorable that the existence of religious belief in a commune should be dependent on the esteem in which a single man is held？ When the preservative force of Christianity permeating all classes of society shall have put life into the new order of things； there will be an end of sterile disputes about doctrine。 The cult of a religion is its form； societies only exist by forms。 You have your standard； we have the cross〃
〃I should very much like to know； sir；〃 said Genestas； breaking in upon M。 Janvier； 〃why you forbid these poor folk to dance on Sunday？〃
〃We do not quarrel with dancing in itself； captain； it is forbidden because it leads to immorality； which troubles the peace of the countryside and corrupts its manners。 Does not the attempt to purify the spirit of the family and to maintain the sanctity of family ties strike at the root of the evil？〃
〃Some irregularities are always to be found in every district； I know；〃 said M。 Tonnelet； 〃but they very seldom occur among us。 Perhaps there are peasants who remove their neighbor's landmark without much scruple； or they may cut a few osiers that belong to some one else； if they happen to want some； but these are mere peccadilloes compared with the wrongdoing that goes on among a town population。 Moreover； the people in this valley seem to me to be devoutly religious。〃
〃Devout？〃 queried the cure with a smile； 〃there is no fear of fanaticism here。〃
〃But；〃 objected Cambon； 〃if the people all went to mass every morning； sir； and to confession every week； how would the fields be cultivated？ And three priests would hardly be enough。〃
〃Work is prayer；〃 said the cure。 〃Doing one's duty brings a knowledge of the religious principles which are a vital necessity to society。〃
〃How about patriotism？〃 asked Genestas。
〃Patriotism can only inspire a short…lived enthusiasm；〃 the curate answered gravely； 〃religion gives it permanence。 Patriotism consists in a brief impulse of forgetfulness of self and self…interest； while Christianity is a complete system of opposition to the depraved tendencies of mankind。〃
〃And yet； during the wars undertaken by the Revo