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s over again； in child fashion。
〃M。 Benassis' house； sir？〃 adding； 〃I will show you the way there。〃
He walked along in front of the horse； prompted quite as much by a wish to gain a kind of importance by being in the stranger's company； as by a child's love of being useful； or the imperative craving to be doing something； that possesses mind and body at his age。 The officer followed him for the entire length of the principal street of the country town。 The way was paved with cobblestones； and wound in and out among the houses； which their owners had erected along its course in the most arbitrary fashion。 In one place a bake…house had been built out into the middle of the roadway； in another a gable protruded； partially obstructing the passage； and yet farther on a mountain stream flowed across it in a runnel。 Genestas noticed a fair number of roofs of tarred shingle； but yet more of them were thatched； a few were tiled； and some seven or eight （belonging no doubt to the cure； the justice of the peace； and some of the wealthier townsmen） were covered with slates。 There was a total absence of regard for appearances befitting a village at the end of the world； which had nothing beyond it； and no connection with any other place。 The people who lived in it seemed to belong to one family that dwelt beyond the limits of the bustling world； with which the collector of taxes and a few ties of the very slenderest alone served to connect them。
When Genestas had gone a step or two farther； he saw on the mountain side a broad road that rose above the village。 Clearly there must be an old town and a new town； and； indeed； when the commandant reached a spot where he could slacken the pace of his horse； he could easily see between the houses some well…built dwellings whose new roofs brightened the old…fashioned village。 An avenue of trees rose above these new houses； and from among them came the confused sounds of several industries。 He heard the songs peculiar to busy toilers； a murmur of many workshops； the rasping of files； and the sound of falling hammers。 He saw the thin lines of smoke from the chimneys of each household； and the more copious outpourings from the forges of the van…builder； the blacksmith； and the farrier。 At length； at the very end of the village towards which his guide was taking him； Genestas beheld scattered farms and well…tilled fields and plantations of trees in thorough order。 It might have been a little corner of Brie； so hidden away in a great fold of the land； that at first sight its existence would not be suspected between the little town and the mountains that closed the country round。
Presently the child stopped。
〃There is the door of HIS house；〃 he remarked。
The officer dismounted and passed his arm through the bridle。 Then； thinking that the laborer is worthy of his hire； he drew a few sous from his waistcoat pocket； and held them out to the child； who looked astonished at this； opened his eyes very wide； and stayed on； without thanking him； to watch what the stranger would do next。
〃Civilization has not made much headway hereabouts；〃 thought Genestas； 〃the religion of work is in full force； and begging has not yet come thus far。〃
His guide； more from curiosity than from any interested motive； propped himself against the wall that rose to the height of a man's elbow。 Upon this wall； which enclosed the yard belonging to the house； there ran a black wooden railing on either side of the square pillars of the gates。 The lower part of the gates themselves was of solid wood that had been painted gray at some period in the past； the upper part consisted of a grating of yellowish spear…shaped bars。 These decorations； which had lost all their color； gradually rose on either half of the gates till they reached the centre where they met； their spikes forming； when both leaves were shut； an outline similar to that of a pine…cone。 The worm…eaten gates themselves； with their patches of velvet lichen； were almost destroyed by the alternate action of sun and rain。 A few aloe plants and some chance…sown pellitory grew on the tops of the square pillars of the gates； which all but concealed the stems of a couple of thornless acacias that raised their tufted spikes； like a pair of green powder…puffs； in the yard。
The condition of the gateway revealed a certain carelessness of its owner which did not seem to suit the officer's turn of mind。 He knitted his brows like a man who is obliged to relinquish some illusion。 We usually judge others by our own standard； and although we indulgently forgive our own shortcomings in them； we condemn them harshly for the lack of our special virtues。 If the commandant had expected M。 Benassis to be a methodical or practical man； there were unmistakable indications of absolute indifference as to his material concerns in the state of the gates of his house。 A soldier possessed by Genestas' passion for domestic economy could not help at once drawing inferences as to the life and character of its owner from the gateway before him； and this； in spite of his habits of circumspection； he in nowise failed to do。 The gates were left ajar； moreoveranother piece of carelessness！
Encouraged by this countrified trust in all comers； the officer entered the yard without ceremony； and tethered his horse to the bars of the gate。 While he was knotting the bridle； a neighing sound from the stable caused both horse and rider to turn their eyes involuntarily in that direction。 The door opened； and an old servant put out his head。 He wore a red woolen bonnet； exactly like the Phrygian cap in which Liberty is tricked out； a piece of head…gear in common use in this country。
As there was room for several horses； this worthy individual； after inquiring whether Genestas had come to see M。 Benassis； offered the hospitality of the stable to the newly…arrived steed； a very fine animal； at which he looked with an expression of admiring affection。 The commandant followed his horse to see how things were to go with it。 The stable was clean； there was plenty of litter； and there was the same peculiar air of sleek content about M。 Benassis' pair of horses that distinguished the cure's horse from all the rest of his tribe。 A maid…servant from within the house came out upon the flight of steps and waited。 She appeared to be the proper authority to whom the stranger's inquiries were to be addressed； although the stableman had already told him that M。 Benassis was not at home。
〃The master has gone to the flour…mill；〃 said he。 〃If you like to overtake him； you have only to go along the path that leads to the meadow； and the mill is at the end of it。〃
Genestas preferred seeing the country to waiting about indefinitely for Benassis' return； so he set out along the way that led to the flour…mill。 When he had gone beyond the irregular line traced by the town upon the hillside； he came in sight of the mill and the valley； and of one of the loveliest landscapes that he had ever seen。
The mountains bar the course of the river； which forms a little lake at their feet； and raise their crests above it； tier on tier。 Their many valleys are revealed by the changing hues of the light； or by the more or less clear outlines of the mountain ridges fledged with their dark forests of pines。 The mill had not long been built。 It stood just where the mountain stream fell into the little lake。 There was all the charm about it peculiar to a lonely house surrounded by water and hidden away behind the heads of a few trees that love to grow by the water…side。 On the farther bank of the river； at the foot of a mountain； with a faint red glow of sunset upon its highest crest； Genestas caught a glimpse of a dozen deserted cottages。 All the windows and doors had been taken away； and sufficiently large holes were conspicuous in the dilapidated roofs； but the surrounding land was laid out in fields that were highly cultivated； and the old garden spaces had been turned into meadows； watered by a system of irrigation as artfully contrived as that in use in Limousin。 Unconsciously the commandant paused to look at the ruins of the village before him。
How is it that men can never behold any ruins； even of the humblest kind； without feeling deeply stirred？ Doubtless it is because they seem to be a typical representation of evil fortune whose weight is felt so differently by different natures。 The thought of death is called up by a churchyard； but a deserted village puts us in mind of the sorrows of life； death is but one misfortune always foreseen； but the sorrows of life are infinite。 Does not the thought of the infinite underlie all great melancholy？
The officer reached the stony path by the mill…pond before he could hit upon an explanation of this deserted village。 The miller's lad was sitting on some sacks of corn near the door of the house。 Genestas asked for M。 Benassis。
〃M。 Benassis went over there；〃 said the miller； pointing out one of the ruined cottages。
〃Has the village been burned down？〃 asked the commandant。
〃No； sir。〃
〃Then how did it come to be in this state？〃 inquired Genestas。
〃Ah！ how？〃 the miller answered； as he shrugged his shoulders and went indoors； 〃M。 Benassis will tell you that。〃
The officer w