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Surrounding Mountains。 One should not fail to look back； as the train journeys along； for fine； full views of the Volcanic Mountains；the San Franciscos； Kendricks； Sitgreaves and Williams。 The two former are sharp； pyramidal…shaped masses； towering from nine thousand to twelve thousand feet into the blue； while the two latter are well wooded and rounded； though volcanic；Williams Mountain having seven distinct crests at different altitudes。
When about ten miles out； Mount Floyd； another volcanic pile； rises above the plain on the west。 Two sharp peaks come in sight； and later； long ridges of deep blue stretch away to the north。 These are the Blue Ridge； and are formed of lava which has flowed from Mount Floyd。
Ant…Hills。 To many it is a novel sight to see the ant…hills that dot the plain all the way along。 These tiny creatures build their homes underground； carrying out all the small pieces of rock that are in their way。 By and by they build up quite a mound of these stones； and； it is on these that the Navaho Indians often find the garnets； rubies and peridots they offer for sale。 Around the mounds the ground is stripped bare by the busy ants； who remove every particle of vegetation in a radius of two or three feet。
Desert Rains。 If it is early summer when you ride over this region； do not be deceived by the barrenness of the thirsty country （as you leave the cedars）； and the dry； cloudless sky； and imagine that it never rains。 I have been here in the midst of such rain storms as I have rarely experienced elsewhere。 When the showers do fall； they often come with a fullness that is as distressing as is the want of water during the dry season。
Red Butte。 Twenty…nine miles out； near the station of Valle； is the big bridge； some fifty feet high and three hundred feet long； over a branch of the Spring Valley Wash； and here Red Butte becomes a prominent landmark on the right。 This is known to the Havasupai Indians as Hue…ga…da…wi…za； the Mountain of the Clenched Fist； for this is its appearance when seen at certain angles。 It is a remnant of the Permian sandstone that once covered the whole Grand Canyon region； and its brilliant red； when illuminated by the vivid Arizona sun； explains why for so many years it has been a prominent landmark of the plateau。 It stands boldly forth on the eastern edge of what was undoubtedly once a portion of the vast Eocene lake； the drainage way of which helped to cut down the Canyon we are so soon to see。
Interesting stories might be told of Red Butte and its region。 The Havasupais have a tradition that many years ago a large spring of water flowed from near its base； but in the great convulsion of nature which changed the current of the waters of Havasu Creek the spring disappeared； and never has been seen since。 The presence of a number of quaking aspens in the region； however； denotes that water is still there。 It also has been claimed that documents on file in Tucson prove that silver mining was extensively carried on here as early as the year 1650。
Prehistoric Lake。 At the twenty…eighth mile post； we have left the cedars behind； and until we strike Anita junction only a few scraggly； solitary trees are to be seen。 We are on the edge of the great prehistoric lake。 The country is seamed with small； rocky gorges； which we cross。 They are sometimes lined with scrub…brush； and made beautiful by many colored flowers。 All these 〃draws〃 are tributary to Havasu （Cataract） Creek； but it is interesting to remember that most of them convey the drainage water away from the rim of the Grand Canyon until； by the subterranean channel before referred to； the stream is taken back to the Havasu Canyon and soon； deep； deep； deep down； some five thousand feet below the rim； is ejected into the muddy Colorado River。
The First Sight of the Canyon。 A glance out of the right window will now show one a portion of the north wall of the Canyon。 It is a fairly level stretch of wall running east and west； though there is a break in it； and then an uprising curve； as if the crust here had received a lateral thrust strong enough to break and then 〃buckle〃 it up from east to west。
Crossing the Red Horse Wash； known to the Havasupais as Ha…i…ga…sa…jul…ga； the line reaches Anita Junction。 Here a spur three miles long connects the main line with the copper mines of the Anita Consolidated Company； for which the railway originally was built。 The grade of the spur was so engineered that the loaded cars of ore from the mine （when in operation） are brought down by gravity。
Coconino Forest。 A few miles further on； the railway enters a country of pine and juniper； a stately prelude to the majesties and grandeurs of the Kohonino （Coconino） Forest。 Here it seems as if one were suddenly transported to England； and were passing through a succession of landed estates； without； however； finding the accompanying mansions。 Aisles of stately trees； nature planted and grown； yet as perfectly in line as if set with mathematical precision； lead the eye into open glades where deer and antelope move to and fro； and where one looks instinctively for the bold facade of an historic building； or the battlemented towers of some romantic castle。
Arrival at El Tovar。 Now； bearing off in a westerly direction； the railway leaves the Kohonino Wash； and soon crosses a divide beyond which； to the left； may be seen the house at Bass。 This is a flag…station for Bass Camp。 A mile or so further； and a wash opens to the left。 This leads to Rowe's Well （Ha…ha…wai…i…the…qual…ga）； where the chief ranger of the Forest Reserve has his home。 Another four miles of steady upgrade； and the whistle of the engine denotes that Grand Canyon is reached。 Here； in addition to El Tovar； Bright Angel Camp； the powerhouse； and the buildings of the transportation department； are a postoffice； photograph gallery and several buildings for employees of the railroad； rangers； etc。； so that there is quite a little settlement。
The main attractions； however； are the Canyon and El Tovar； the hotel itself being so unique and picturesque as to require a separate chapter for its description。
CHAPTER III。 El Tovar And Its Equipments
Location of El Tovar。 The West has several unique and picturesque hotels； but I question whether it possesses one more so than that bearing the name of the gallant Spanish cavalier； Coronado's lieutenant； the Ensign Tovar。 Built upon the very edge of the Canyon； in latitude 35 degrees 55 minutes 30 seconds； it is the arc of a rude curve of an amphitheatre； the walls of which are slightly higher than the elevation of the hotel。 Its location affords the most intimate views of the great gorge； attracting spectators from all over the civilized world。 Indeed； were it not for these visitors； El Tovar would never have been built。 Its existence came out of a crying necessity。 It was built by the Santa Fe Railway； and furnished and equipped by Fred Harvey； whose hotel and dining service for over a quarter of a century has made the Santa Fe noted as giving the best food service of any railway system in the world。
The Building。 And what of the building itself？ Stand away a little distance say half a mile or more； for it is large enough to be seen and well described that far awayand it presents the appearance of a three…storied bungalow； though later you find that in some points it is four stories high。 Its base is of solid； native limestone rock； well built up and continued in the massive outside chimneys； one of which stands at each end of the dining…room。 The first story is of solid logs； brought from faraway Oregon； and the upper stories are of heavy planking and shingles； all stained to a rich brown or weather…beaten color； that harmonizes perfectly with the gray…green of its unique surroundings。 It is pleasant to the eye； artistic in effect； and satisfactory to the most exacting critic。 Its width； north and south； is three hundred and twenty…seven feet； and from east to west； two hundred and eighteen feet。 The main building and entrance face the east。
Architecture。 Its lines are in harmony with the simplicity of the surroundings。 The architect has followed； in admirable proportions； the Swiss chalet and the Norway villa。 Here are expressed a quiet dignity； an unassuming luxury； and an appreciation of outing needs。 Not a Waldorf…Astoriaadmirable as that type is for the city but a big； country clubhouse； where the traveler seeking high…class accommodations also finds freedom from ultrafashionable restrictions。 You may wear a dress suit at dinner or not。 You may mix with the jolly crowd； or sit alone in a quiet nook。 You may lunch at almost any hour of the day or night。 You may dine with other guests； or enjoy the seclusion of a private dining…room。 Good fellowship perhaps best expresses the motto of El Tovar。
The hotel contains more than a hundred bedrooms。 Ample accommodations are provided for two hundred and fifty guests； and more can be comfortably housed in the annex； at Bright Angel Camp。 Outside are porches and roof gardens； from which one has wide views in every direction。 The inside finish is mainly of peeled slabs； wood in the rough； and tinted plaster； interspersed with huge wooden beams。 Triple casement windows and generous fir