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when it has already been exerted （as the writers on politics as a science have observed of property）； the sweat of my brow becomes mingled with the apple I have gathered； and my interest is greater。 No one understands my views and projects entirely but myself； and the scheme I have conceived will suffer； if I do not complete it as I began。
And there are men that say； that all this mystery； the most beautiful attitude of human nature； and the crown of its glory； is pure selfishness！
Let us now turn from the view of the parental； to that of the filial affection。
The great mistake that has been made on this subject； arises from the taking it nakedly and as a mere abstraction。 It has been sagely remarked； that when my father did that which occasioned me to come into existence； he intended me no benefit； and therefore I owe him no thanks。 And the inference which has been made from this wise position is； that the duty of children to parents is a mere imposture； a trick； employed by the old to defraud the young out of their services。
I grant most readily； that the mere material ligament that binds together the father and the child； by itself is worthless； and that he who owes nothing more than this to his father； owes him nothing。 The natural； unanimated relationship is like the grain of mustard…seed in the discourses of Jesus Christ； 〃which indeed is the least of all seeds； but； when it is unfolded and grows up； it becomes a mighty tree； so that the birds of the air may come and lodge in its branches。〃
The hard and insensible man may know little of the debt he owes to his father； but he that is capable of calling up the past； and beholding the things that are not as if they now were； will see the matter in a very different light。 Incalculable are the privations （in a great majority of instances）； the toils； the pains； the anxieties； that every child imposes on his father from the first hour of his existence。 If he could know the ceaseless cares； the tender and ardent feelings； the almost incredible efforts and exertions； that have accompanied him in his father's breast through the whole period of his growth； instead of thinking that he owed his parent nothing； he would stand still and wonder that one human creature could do so much for another。
I grant that all this may be done for a child by a stranger； and that then in one sense the obligation would be greater。 It is however barely possible that all this should be done。 The stranger wants the first exciting cause； the consideration； 〃This creature by the great scheme of nature belongs to me； and is cast upon my care。〃 And； as the tie in the case of the stranger was not complete in the beginning； so neither can it be made so in the sequel。 The little straggler is like the duckling hatched in the nest of a hen； there is danger every day； that as the nursling begins to be acquainted with its own qualities； it may plunge itself into another element； and swim away from its benefactor。
Even if we put all these considerations out of the question； still the affection of the child to its parent of adoption； wants the kernel； and； if I may so speak； the soul； of the connection which has been formed and modelled by the great hand of nature。 If the mere circumstance of filiation and descent creates no debt； it however is the principle of a very close connection。 One of the most memorable mysteries of nature； is how； out of the slightest of all connections （for such； literally speaking； is that between father and child）； so many coincidences should arise。 The child resembles his parent in feature； in temperament； in turn of mind； and in class of disposition； while at the same time in many particulars； in these same respects； he is a new and individual creature。 In one view therefore the child is merely the father multiplied and repeated。 Now one of the indefeasible principles of affection is the partaking of a common nature； and as man is a species by himself； so to a certain degree is every nation and every family； and this consideration； when added to the moral and spiritual ties already treated of； undoubtedly has a tendency to give them their zest and perfection。
But even this is not the most agreeable point of view in which we may consider the filial affection。 I come back to my first position； that where there is no imagination； there can be no passion； and by consequence no love。 No parent ever understood his child； and no child ever understood his parent。 We have seen that the affectionate parent considers his child like a flower in the bud； as a mine of power that is to be unfolded； as a creature that is to act and to pass through he knows not what； as a canvas that 〃gives ample room and verge enough；〃 for his prophetic soul to hang over in endless visions； and his intellectual pencil to fill up with various scenes and fortunes。 And； if the parent does not understand his child； certainly as little does the child understand his parent。 Wherever this relation subsists in its fairest form； the parent is as a God； a being qualified with supernatural powers； to his offspring。 The child consults his father as an oracle； to him he proposes all his little questions； from him he learns his natural philosophy； his morals； his rules of conduct； his religion； and his creed。 The boy is uninformed on every point； and the father is a vast Encyclopedia； not merely of sciences； but of feelings； of sagacity； of practical wisdom； and of justice； which the son consults on all occasions； and never consults in vain。 Senseless and inexpert is that parent； who endeavours to govern the mind by authority； and to lay down rugged and peremptory dogmas to his child； the child is fully and unavoidably prepared to receive every thing with unbounded deference； and to place total reliance in the oracle which nature has assigned him。 Habits； how beautiful！ Inestimable benefit of nature； that has given me a prop against which to sustain my unripened strength； and has not turned me loose to wander with tottering steps amidst the vast desert of society！
But it is not merely for contemplative wisdom that the child honours his parent； he sees in him a vast fund of love； attachment and sympathy。 That he cannot mistake； and it is all a mystery to him。 He says； What am I； that I should be the object of this？ and whence comes it？ He sees neither the fountain from which it springs； nor the banks that confine it。 To him it is an ocean； unfathomable； and without a shore。
To the bounty of its operations he trusts implicitly。 The stores of judgment and knowledge he finds in his father； prompt him to trust it。 In many instances where it appeared at first obscure and enigmatical； the event has taught him to acknowledge its soundness。 The mutinousness of passion will sometimes excite a child to question the decrees of his parent； it is very long before his understanding； as such； comes to set up a separate system； and teaches him to controvert the decisions of his father。
Perhaps I ought earlier to have stated； that the filial connection we have here to consider； does not include those melancholy instances where some woful defect or utter worthlessness in the parent counteracts the natural course of the affections； but refers only to cases； where the character of father is on the whole sustained with honour； and the principle of the connection is left to its true operation。 In such cases the child not only observes for himself the manifestations of wisdom and goodness in his parent； but is also accustomed to hear well of him from all around。 There is a generous conspiracy in human nature； not to counteract the honour borne by the offspring to him from whom he sprung； and the wholsome principle of superiority and dependence which is almost indispensible between persons of different ages dwelling under the same roof。 And； exclusively of this consideration； the men who are chiefly seen by the son are his father's friends and associates； and it is the very bent； and； as it were； law of our nature； that we do not associate much； but with persons whom we favour； and who are prepared to mention us with kindness and honour。
Thus every way the child is deeply imbued with veneration for his parent； and forms the habit of regarding him as his book of wisdom； his philosopher and guide。 He is accustomed to hear him spoken of as a true friend； an active ally； and a pattern of justice and honour； and he finds him so。 Now these are the true objects of affection；wisdom and beneficence； and the human heart loves this beneficence better when it is exercised towards him who loves； first； because inevitably in almost all instances we are best pleased with the good that is done to ourselves； and secondly； because it can scarcely happen but that we in that case understand it best； both in its operation and its effects。
The active principles of religion are all moulded upon this familiar and sensible relation of father and child： and to understand whet the human heart is capable to conceive on this subject； we have only to refer to the many eloquent and glowing treatises that have been written upon the love of God to his creatures； and the love that the creature in return owes to his God。 I