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In addition to this we reap two important advantages。
In the first place； we feel assured that every child that is born has his suitable sphere； to which if he is devoted； he will not fail to make an honourable figure； or； in other words； will be seen to be endowed with faculties； apt； adroit； intelligent and acute。 This consideration may reasonably stimulate us to call up all our penetration for the purpose of ascertaining the proper destination of the child for whom we are interested。
And； secondly； having arrived at this point； we shall find ourselves placed in a very different predicament from the guardian or instructor； who； having selected at random the pursuit which his fancy dictates； and in the choice of which he is encouraged by the presumptuous assertions of a wild metaphysical philosophy； must often； in spite of himself； feel a secret misgiving as to the final event。 He may succeed； and present to a wondering world a consummate musician； painter； poet； or philosopher； for even blind chance may sometimes hit the mark； as truly as the most perfect skill。 But he will probably fail。 Sudet multum； frustraque laboret。 And； if he is disappointed； he will not only feel that disappointment in the ultimate result； but also in every step of his progress。 When he has done his best； exerted his utmost industry； and consecrated every power of his soul to the energies he puts forth； he may close every day； sometimes with a faint shadow of success； and sometimes with entire and blank miscarriage。 And the latter will happen ten thousand times； for once that the undertaking shall be blessed with a prosperous event。
But； when the destination that is given to a child has been founded upon a careful investigation of the faculties； tokens； and accidental aspirations which characterise his early years； it is then that every step that is made with him； becomes a new and surer source of satisfaction。 The moment the pursuit for which his powers are adapted is seriously proposed to him； his eyes sparkle； and a second existence； in addition to that which he received at his birth； descends upon him。 He feels that he has now obtained something worth living for。 He feels that he is at home； and in a sphere that is appropriately his own。 Every effort that he makes is successful。 At every resting…place in his race of improvement he pauses； and looks back on what he has done with complacency。 The master cannot teach him so fast； as he is prompted to acquire。
What a contrast does this species of instruction exhibit； to the ordinary course of scholastic education！ There； every lesson that is prescribed； is a source of indirect warfare between the instructor and the pupil； the one professing to aim at the advancement of him that is taught； in the career of knowledge； and the other contemplating the effect that is intended to be produced upon him with aversion； and longing to be engaged in any thing else； rather than in that which is pressed upon his foremost attention。 In this sense a numerous school is； to a degree that can scarcely be adequately described； the slaughter…house of mind。 It is like the undertaking； related by Livy； of Accius Navius； the augur； to cut a whetstone with a razorwith this difference； that our modern schoolmasters are not endowed with the gift of working miracles； and； when the experiment falls into their hands； the result of their efforts is a pitiful miscarriage。 Knowledge is scarcely in any degree imparted。 But； as they are inured to a dogged assiduity； and persist in their unavailing attempts； though the shell of science； so to speak； is scarcely in the smallest measure penetrated； yet that inestimable gift of the author of our being； the sharpness of human faculties； is so blunted and destroyed； that it can scarcely ever be usefully employed even for those purposes which it was originally best qualified to effect。
A numerous school is that mint from which the worst and most flagrant libels on our nature are incessantly issued。 Hence it is that we are taught； by a judgment everlastingly repeated； that the majority of our kind are predestinated blockheads。
Not that it is by any means to be recommended； that a little writing and arithmetic； and even the first rudiments of classical knowledge； so far as they can be practicably imparted； should be withheld from any。 The mischief is； that we persist； month after month； and year after year； in sowing our seed； when it has already been fully ascertained； that no suitable and wholsome crop will ever be produced。
But what is perhaps worse is； that we are accustomed to pronounce； that that soil； which will not produce the crop of which we have attempted to make it fertile； is fit for nothing。 The majority of boys； at the very period when the buds of intellect begin to unfold themselves； are so accustomed to be told that they are dull and fit for nothing； that the most pernicious effects are necessarily produced。 They become half convinced by the ill…boding song of the raven； perpetually croaking in their ears； and； for the other half； though by no means assured that the sentence of impotence awarded against them is just； yet； folding up their powers in inactivity； they are contented partly to waste their energies in pure idleness and sport； and partly to wait； with minds scarcely half awake； for the moment when their true destination shall be opened before them。
Not that it is by any means to be desired。 that the child in his earlier years should meet with no ruggednesses in his way； and that he should perpetually tread 〃the primrose path of dalliance。〃 Clouds and tempests occasionally clear the atmosphere of intellect； not less than that of the visible world。 The road to the hill of science； and to the promontory of heroic virtue； is harsh and steep； and from time to time puts to the proof the energies of him who would ascend their topmost round。
There are many things which every human creature should learn； so far as； agreeably to the constitution of civilised society； they can be brought within his reach。 He should be induced to learn them； willingly if possible； but； if that cannot be thoroughly effected； yet with half a will。 Such are reading； writing； arithmetic； and the first principles of grammar； to which shall be added； as far as may be； the rudiments of all the sciences that are in ordinary use。 The latter however should not be brought forward too soon； and； if wisely delayed； the tyro himself will to a certain degree enter into the views of his instructor； and be disposed to essay Quid valeant humeri； quid ferre recusent。 But； above all； the beginnings of those studies should be encouraged； which unfold the imagination； familiarise us with the feelings； the joys and sufferings of our fellow…beings； and teach us to put ourselves in their place and eagerly fly to their assistance。
SECTION IV。
HOW FAR OUR GENUINE PROPENSITIES AND VOCATION SHOULD BE FAVOURED。SELF…REVERENCE RECOMMENDED。CONCLUSION。
I knew a man of eminent intellectual faculties＇3＇； one of whose favourite topics of moral prudence was； that it is the greatest mistake in the world to suppose； that； when we have discovered the special aspiration of the youthful mind； we are bound to do every thing in our power to assist its progress。 He maintained on the contrary； that it is our true wisdom to place obstacles in its way； and to thwart it： as we may be well assured that； unless it is a mere caprice； it will shew its strength in conquering difficulties； and that all the obstacles that we can conjure up will but inspire it with the greater earnestness to attain final success。
＇3＇ Henry Fuseli。
The maxim here stated； taken to an unlimited extent； is doubtless a very dangerous one。 There are obstacles that scarcely any strength of man would be sufficient to conquer。 〃Chill penury〃 will sometimes 〃repress the noblest rage；〃 that almost ever animated a human spirit： and our wisest course will probably be； secretly to favour； even when we seem most to oppose； the genuine bent of the youthful aspirer。
But the thing of greatest importance is； that we should not teach him to estimate his powers at too low a rate。 One of the wisest of all the precepts comprised in what are called the Golden Verses of Pythagoras； is that； in which he enjoins his pupil to 〃reverence himself。〃 Ambition is the noblest root that can be planted in the garden of the human soul： not the ambition to be applauded and admired； to be famous and looked up to； to be the darling theme of 〃stupid starers and of loud huzzas；〃 but the ambition to fill a respectable place in the theatre of society； to be useful and to be esteemed； to feel that we have not lived in vain； and that we are entitled to the most honourable of all dismissions； an enlightened self…approbation。 And nothing can more powerfully tend to place this beyond our acquisition； even our contemplation； than the perpetual and hourly rebuffs which ingenuous youth is so often doomed to sustain from the supercilious pedant； and the rigid decision of his unfeeling elders。
Self…respect to be nourished in the mind of the pupil； is one of the most valuable results of a well conducted education。 To accomplish this； it is most