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parmenides-第6章

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is not being; but; considered as one; only partook of being?



  Certainly。



  If being and the one be two different things; it is not because



the one is one that it is other than being; nor because being is being



that it is other than the one; but they differ from one another in



virtue of otherness and difference。



  Certainly。



  So that the other is not the same either with the one or with being?



  Certainly not。



  And therefore whether we take being and the other; or being and



the one; or the one and the other; in every such case we take two



things; which may be rightly called both。



  How so。



  In this way…you may speak of being?



  Yes。



  And also of one?



  Yes。



  Then now we have spoken of either of them?



  Yes。



  Well; and when I speak of being and one; I speak of them both?



  Certainly。



  And if I speak of being and the other; or of the one and the



other…in any such case do I not speak of both?



  Yes。



  And must not that which is correctly called both; be also two?



  Undoubtedly。



  And of two things how can either by any possibility not be one?



  It cannot。



  Then; if the individuals of the pair are together two; they must



be severally one?



  Clearly。



  And if each of them is one; then by the addition of any one to any



pair; the whole becomes three?



  Yes。



  And three are odd; and two are even?



  Of course。



  And if there are two there must also be twice; and if there are



three there must be thrice; that is; if twice one makes two; and



thrice one three?



  Certainly。



  There are two; and twice; and therefore there must be twice two; and



there are three; and there is thrice; and therefore there must be



thrice three?



  Of course。



  If there are three and twice; there is twice three; and if there are



two and thrice; there is thrice two?



  Undoubtedly。



  Here; then; we have even taken even times; and odd taken odd



times; and even taken odd times; and odd taken even times。



  True。



  And if this is so; does any number remain which has no necessity



to be?



  None whatever。



  Then if one is; number must also be?



  It must。



  But if there is number; there must also be many; and infinite



multiplicity of being; for number is infinite in multiplicity; and



partakes also of being: am I not right?



  Certainly。



  And if all number participates in being; every part of number will



also participate?



  Yes。



  Then being is distributed over the whole multitude of things; and



nothing that is; however small or however great; is devoid of it? And;



indeed; the very supposition of this is absurd; for how can that which



is; be devoid of being?



  In no way。



  And it is divided into the greatest and into the smallest; and



into being of all sizes; and is broken up more than all things; the



divisions of it have no limit。



  True。



  Then it has the greatest number of parts?



  Yes; the greatest number。



  Is there any of these which is a part of being; and yet no part?



  Impossible。



  But if it is at all and so long as it is; it must be one; and cannot



be none?



  Certainly。



  Then the one attaches to every single part of being; and does not



fail in any part; whether great or small; or whatever may be the



size of it?



  True。



  But reflect:…an one in its entirety; be in many places at the same



time?



  No; I see the impossibility of that。



  And if not in its entirety; then it is divided; for it cannot be



present with all the parts of being; unless divided。



  True。



  And that which has parts will be as many as the parts are?



  Certainly。



  Then we were wrong in saying just now; that being was distributed



into the greatest number of parts。 For it is not distributed into



parts more than the one; into parts equal to the one; the one is never



wanting to being; or being to the one; but being two they are co…equal



and coextensive。



  Certainly that is true。



  The one itself; then; having been broken up into parts by being;



is many and infinite?



  True。



  Then not only the one which has being is many; but the one itself



distributed by being; must also be many?



  Certainly。



  Further; inasmuch as the parts are parts of a whole; the one; as a



whole; will be limited; for are not the parts contained the whole?



  Certainly。



  And that which contains; is a limit?



  Of course。



  Then the one if it has being is one and many; whole and parts;



having limits and yet unlimited in number?



  Clearly。



  And because having limits; also having extremes?



  Certainly。



  And if a whole; having beginning and middle and end。 For can



anything be a whole without these three? And if any one of them is



wanting to anything; will that any longer be a whole?



  No。



  Then the one; as appears; will have beginning; middle; and end。



  It will。



  But; again; the middle will be equidistant from the extremes; or



it would not be in the middle?



  Yes。



  Then the one will partake of figure; either rectilinear or round; or



a union of the two?



  True。



  And if this is the case; it will be both in itself and in another



too。



  How?



  Every part is in the whole; and none is outside the whole。



  True。



  And all the parts are contained by the whole?



  Yes。



  And the one is all its parts; and neither more nor less than all?



  No。



  And the one is the whole?



  Of course。



  But if all the parts are in the whole; and the one is all of them



and the whole; and they are all contained by the whole; the one will



be contained by the one; and thus the one will be in itself。



  That is true。



  But then; again; the whole is not in the parts…neither in all the



parts; nor in some one of them。 For if it is in all; it must be in



one; for if there were any one in which it was not; it could not be in



all the parts; for the part in which it is wanting is one of all;



and if the whole is not in this; how can it be in them all?



  It cannot。



  Nor can the whole be in some of the parts; for if the whole were



in some of the parts; the greater would be in the less; which is



impossible。



  Yes; impossible。



  But if the whole is neither in one; nor in more than one; nor in all



of the parts; it must be in something else; or cease to be anywhere at



all?



  Certainly。



  If it were nowhere; it would be nothing; but being a whole; and



not being in itself; it must be in another。



  Very true。



  The one then; regarded as a whole; is in another; but regarded as



being all its parts; is in itself; and therefore the one must be



itself in itself and also in another。



  Certainly。



  The one then; being of this nature; is of necessity both at rest and



in motion?



  How?



  The one is at rest since it is in itself; for being in one; and



not passing out of this; it is in the same; which is itself。



  True。



  And that which is ever in the same; must be ever at rest?



  Certainly。



  Well; and must not that; on the contrary; which is ever in other;



never be in the same; and if never in the same; never at rest; and



if not at rest; in motion?



  True。



  Then the one being always itself in itself and other; must always be



both at rest and in motion?



  Clearly。



  And must be the same with itself; and other than itself; and also



the same with the others; and other than the others; this follows from



its previous affections。



  How so?



  Every thing in relation to every other thing; is either the same



or other; or if neither the same nor other; then in the relation of



a part to a whole; or of a whole to a part。



  Clearly。



  And is the one a part of itself?



  Certainly not。



  Since it is not a part in relation to itself it cannot be related to



itself as whole to part?



  It cannot。



  But is the one other than one?



  No。



  And therefore not other than itself?



  Certainly not。



  If then it be neither other; nor a whole; nor a part in relation



to itself; must it not be the same with itself?



  Certainly。



  But then; again; a thing which is in another place from 〃itself;〃 if



this 〃itself〃 remains in the same place with itself; must be other



than 〃itself;〃 for it will be in another place?



  True。



  Then the one has been shown to be at once in itself and in another?



  Yes。



  Thus; then; as appears; the one will be other than itself?



  True。



  Well; then; if anything be other than anything; will it not be other



than that which is other?



  Certainly。



  And will not all things that are not one; be other than the one; and



the one other than the not…one?



  Of course。



  Then the on
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