ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡ÔĶÁ¹ý³Ì·¢ÏÖÈκδíÎóÇë¸æËßÎÒÃÇ£¬Ð»Ð»£¡£¡ ±¨¸æ´íÎó
¾ÅÉ«Êé¼® ·µ»Ø±¾ÊéĿ¼ ÎÒµÄÊé¼Ü ÎÒµÄÊéÇ© TXTÈ«±¾ÏÂÔØ ½øÈëÊé°É ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©

proposed roads to freedom(ͨÍù×ÔÓÉ֮·)-µÚ26ÕÂ

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




¡®¡®The¡¡State¡£''¡¡p¡£¡¡4¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§49£§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Representative¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡government¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡accomplished¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡historical¡¡

mission£»¡¡it¡¡has¡¡given¡¡a¡¡mortal¡¡blow¡¡to¡¡Court¡­rule£»¡¡and¡¡by¡¡its¡¡debates¡¡it¡¡has¡¡

awakened¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡public¡¡¡¡¡¡interest¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡public¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡questions¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡see¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡the¡¡

government¡¡of¡¡the¡¡future¡¡Socialist¡¡society£»¡¡is¡¡to¡¡commit¡¡a¡¡gross¡¡error¡£¡¡Each¡¡

economical¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡phase¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡¡¡¡implies¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡political¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡phase£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡is¡¡

impossible¡¡to¡¡touch¡¡the¡¡very¡¡basis¡¡of¡¡the¡¡present¡¡economical¡¡lifeprivate¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡80¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡81¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡PROPOSED¡¡ROADS¡¡TO¡¡FREEDOM¡¡



property¡¡without¡¡a¡¡corresponding¡¡change¡¡in¡¡the¡¡very¡¡basis¡¡of¡¡the¡¡political¡¡

organization¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Life¡¡¡¡¡¡already¡¡¡¡¡¡shows¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡direction¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡change¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡

made¡£¡¡Not¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡increasing¡¡the¡¡powers¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¡State£»¡¡but¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡resorting¡¡to¡¡¡¡free¡¡

organization¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡free¡¡¡¡¡¡federation¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡branches¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡now¡¡

considered¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡attributes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡State¡£''¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Kropotkin£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡®¡®Anarchist¡¡

Communism£»''¡¡pp¡£¡¡28¡­29¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Attractive¡¡as¡¡this¡¡view¡¡is£»¡¡I¡¡cannot¡¡resist¡¡the¡¡conclusion¡¡that¡¡it¡¡results¡¡

from¡¡impatience¡¡and¡¡represents¡¡the¡¡attempt¡¡to¡¡find¡¡a¡¡short¡­cut¡¡toward¡¡the¡¡

ideal¡¡which¡¡all¡¡humane¡¡people¡¡desire¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Let¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡us¡¡¡¡¡¡begin¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡question¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡private¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡crime¡££§50£§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Anarchists¡¡

maintain¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡criminal¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡manufactured¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡bad¡¡¡¡¡¡social¡¡¡¡¡¡conditions¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

would¡¡¡¡¡¡disappear¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡world¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡aim¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡creating¡££§51£§¡¡¡¡¡¡No¡¡¡¡¡¡doubt¡¡

there¡¡is¡¡a¡¡great¡¡measure¡¡of¡¡truth¡¡in¡¡this¡¡view¡£¡¡There¡¡would¡¡be¡¡little¡¡motive¡¡

to¡¡robbery£»¡¡for¡¡example£»¡¡in¡¡an¡¡Anarchist¡¡world£»¡¡unless¡¡it¡¡were¡¡organized¡¡on¡¡

a¡¡large¡¡scale¡¡by¡¡a¡¡body¡¡of¡¡men¡¡bent¡¡on¡¡upsetting¡¡the¡¡Anarchist¡¡regime¡£¡¡It¡¡

may¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡conceded¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡impulses¡¡¡¡¡¡toward¡¡¡¡¡¡criminal¡¡¡¡¡¡violence¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡

very¡¡largely¡¡eliminated¡¡by¡¡a¡¡better¡¡education¡£¡¡But¡¡all¡¡such¡¡contentions£»¡¡it¡¡

seems¡¡to¡¡me£»¡¡have¡¡their¡¡limitations¡£¡¡To¡¡take¡¡an¡¡extreme¡¡case£»¡¡we¡¡cannot¡¡

suppose¡¡that¡¡there¡¡would¡¡be¡¡no¡¡lunatics¡¡in¡¡an¡¡Anarchist¡¡community£»¡¡and¡¡

some¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡lunatics¡¡¡¡¡¡would£»¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡doubt£»¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡homicidal¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Probably¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡

would¡¡¡¡¡¡argue¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡ought¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡left¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡liberty¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡sharp¡¡

lines¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡nature£»¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡homicidal¡¡¡¡¡¡lunatic¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sane¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡violent¡¡

passions¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡continuous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡gradation¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Even¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡perfect¡¡

community¡¡there¡¡will¡¡be¡¡men¡¡and¡¡women£»¡¡otherwise¡¡sane£»¡¡who¡¡will¡¡feel¡¡

an¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡impulse¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡commit¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡murder¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡jealousy¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡These¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡now¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡usually¡¡

restrained¡¡by¡¡the¡¡fear¡¡of¡¡punishment£»¡¡but¡¡if¡¡this¡¡fear¡¡were¡¡removed£»¡¡such¡¡

murders¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡probably¡¡¡¡¡¡become¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡common£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡seen¡¡

from¡¡the¡¡present¡¡behavior¡¡of¡¡certain¡¡soldiers¡¡on¡¡leave¡£¡¡Moreover£»¡¡certain¡¡

kinds¡¡of¡¡conduct¡¡arouse¡¡public¡¡hostility£»¡¡and¡¡would¡¡almost¡¡inevitably¡¡lead¡¡

to¡¡lynching£»¡¡if¡¡no¡¡other¡¡recognized¡¡method¡¡of¡¡punishment¡¡existed¡£¡¡There¡¡is¡¡

in¡¡most¡¡men¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡natural¡¡vindictiveness£»¡¡not¡¡always¡¡directed¡¡against¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡worst¡¡¡¡¡¡members¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡community¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡¡¡¡¡example£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Spinoza¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡

nearly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡murdered¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡mob¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡because¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡suspected¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡undue¡¡

friendliness¡¡to¡¡France¡¡at¡¡a¡¡time¡¡when¡¡Holland¡¡was¡¡at¡¡war¡¡with¡¡that¡¡country¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡81¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡82¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡PROPOSED¡¡ROADS¡¡TO¡¡FREEDOM¡¡



Apart¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡cases£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡real¡¡¡¡danger¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡

organized¡¡attempt¡¡to¡¡destroy¡¡Anarchism¡¡and¡¡revive¡¡ancient¡¡oppressions¡£¡¡Is¡¡

it¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡supposed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡example£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡Napoleon£»¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡born¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡

such¡¡a¡¡community¡¡as¡¡Kropotkin¡¡advocates£»¡¡would¡¡have¡¡acquiesced¡¡tamely¡¡

in¡¡a¡¡world¡¡where¡¡his¡¡genius¡¡could¡¡find¡¡no¡¡scope£¿¡¡I¡¡cannot¡¡see¡¡what¡¡should¡¡

prevent¡¡a¡¡combination¡¡of¡¡ambitious¡¡men¡¡forming¡¡themselves¡¡into¡¡a¡¡private¡¡

army£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡manufacturing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡munitions£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡last¡¡¡¡¡¡enslaving¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

defenseless¡¡¡¡¡¡citizens£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡relied¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡inherent¡¡¡¡¡¡attractiveness¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

liberty¡£¡¡It¡¡would¡¡not¡¡be¡¡consistent¡¡with¡¡the¡¡principles¡¡of¡¡Anarchism¡¡for¡¡the¡¡

community¡¡to¡¡interfere¡¡with¡¡the¡¡drilling¡¡of¡¡a¡¡private¡¡army£»¡¡no¡¡matter¡¡what¡¡

its¡¡objects¡¡might¡¡be¡¡£¨though£»¡¡of¡¡course£»¡¡an¡¡opposing¡¡private¡¡army¡¡might¡¡be¡¡

formed¡¡by¡¡men¡¡with¡¡different¡¡views£©¡£¡¡Indeed£»¡¡Kropotkin¡¡instances¡¡the¡¡old¡¡

volunteers¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Great¡¡¡¡¡¡Britain¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡example¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡movement¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡Anarchist¡¡

lines¡££§52£§¡¡Even¡¡if¡¡a¡¡predatory¡¡army¡¡were¡¡not¡¡formed¡¡from¡¡within£»¡¡it¡¡might¡¡

easily¡¡come¡¡from¡¡a¡¡neighboring¡¡nation£»¡¡or¡¡from¡¡races¡¡on¡¡the¡¡borderland¡¡of¡¡

civilization¡£¡¡So¡¡long¡¡as¡¡the¡¡love¡¡of¡¡power¡¡exists£»¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡see¡¡how¡¡it¡¡can¡¡be¡¡

prevented¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡finding¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡outlet¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡oppression¡¡¡¡¡¡except¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡means¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

organized¡¡force¡¡of¡¡the¡¡community¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§50£§¡¡¡¡¡¡On¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡subject¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡excellent¡¡¡¡¡¡discussion¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡before¡­¡¡

mentioned¡¡work¡¡of¡¡Monsieur¡¡Naquet¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§51£§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡®¡®As¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡thirdthe¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡chiefobjection£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡maintains¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

necessity¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡government¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡punishing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡break¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡law¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

society£»¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡say¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡hardly¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡touched¡¡

incidentally¡£¡¡The¡¡more¡¡we¡¡study¡¡the¡¡question£»¡¡the¡¡more¡¡we¡¡are¡¡brought¡¡to¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡conclusion¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡society¡¡¡¡¡¡itself¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡responsible¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡anti¡­social¡¡¡¡¡¡deeds¡¡

perpetrated¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡midst£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡punishment£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡prisons£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡

hangmen¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡diminish¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡numbers¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡deeds£»¡¡¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡short¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

reorganization¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡society¡¡¡¡¡¡itself¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Three¡­quarters¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡acts¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡

brought¡¡every¡¡¡¡year¡¡before¡¡our¡¡courts¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡their¡¡origin£»¡¡either¡¡directly¡¡¡¡or¡¡

indirectly£»¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡present¡¡¡¡¡¡disorganized¡¡state¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡society¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡regard¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

production¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡distribution¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡wealthnot¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡perversity¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡human¡¡

nature¡£¡¡As¡¡to¡¡the¡¡relatively¡¡few¡¡anti¡­social¡¡deeds¡¡which¡¡result¡¡from¡¡anti¡­¡¡

social¡¡inclinations¡¡of¡¡separate¡¡individuals£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡by¡¡prisons£»¡¡nor¡¡even¡¡by¡¡

resorting¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡hangmen£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡diminish¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡numbers¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡By¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡82¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡83¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡PROPOSED¡¡ROADS¡¡TO¡¡FREEDOM¡¡



prisons£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡merely¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡multiply¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡render¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡worse¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡By¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡

detectives£»¡¡our¡¡¡®price¡¡of¡¡blood£»'¡¡our¡¡executions£»¡¡and¡¡our¡¡jails£»¡¡we¡¡spread¡¡in¡¡

society¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡terrible¡¡¡¡¡¡flow¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡basest¡¡¡¡¡¡passions¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡habits£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡

should¡¡realize¡¡the¡¡effects¡¡of¡¡these¡¡institutions¡¡to¡¡their¡¡full¡¡extent£»¡¡would¡¡be¡¡

frightened¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡society¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡doing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡under¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡pretext¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡maintaining¡¡

morality¡£¡¡We¡¡must¡¡search¡¡for¡¡other¡¡remedies£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡remedies¡¡have¡¡been¡¡

indicated¡¡long¡¡since¡£''¡¡Kropotkin£»¡¡¡®¡®Anarchist¡¡Communism£»''¡¡pp¡£¡¡31¡­32¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§52£§¡¡¡®¡®Anarchist¡¡Communism£»''¡¡p¡£¡¡27¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡conclusion£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡appears¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡forced¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡us£»¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Anarchist¡¡ideal¡¡of¡¡a¡¡community¡¡in¡¡which¡¡no¡¡acts¡¡are¡¡forbidden¡¡by¡¡law¡¡is¡¡

not£»¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡rate¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡present£»¡¡¡¡¡¡compatible¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡stability¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

world¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡Anarchists¡¡¡¡¡¡desire¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡order¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡obtain¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡preserve¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡world¡¡

resembling¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡closely¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡possible¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡aim£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡

necessary¡¡that¡¡some¡¡acts¡¡should¡¡be¡¡forbidden¡¡by¡¡law¡£¡¡We¡¡may¡¡put¡¡the¡¡chief¡¡

of¡¡these¡¡under¡¡three¡¡heads£º¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1¡£¡¡Theft¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡2¡£¡¡Crimes¡¡of¡¡violence¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡3¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡creation¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡organizations¡¡¡¡¡¡intended¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡subvert¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Anarchist¡¡

regime¡¡by¡¡force¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡briefly¡¡¡¡¡¡recapitulate¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡said¡¡¡¡¡¡already¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡

necessity¡¡of¡¡these¡¡prohibitions¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Theft¡£It¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡true¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡Anarchist¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡world¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡

destitution£»¡¡and¡¡therefore¡¡no¡¡thefts¡¡motivated¡¡by¡¡starvation¡£¡¡But¡¡such¡¡thefts¡¡

are¡¡at¡¡present¡¡by¡¡no¡¡means¡¡the¡¡most¡¡considerable¡¡or¡¡the¡¡most¡¡harmful¡£¡¡The¡¡

system¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡rationing£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡applied¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡luxuries£»¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡leave¡¡¡¡¡¡many¡¡

men¡¡with¡¡fewer¡¡luxuries¡¡than¡¡they¡¡might¡¡desire¡£¡¡It¡¡will¡¡give¡¡opportunities¡¡

for¡¡peculation¡¡by¡¡those¡¡who¡¡are¡¡in¡¡control¡¡of¡¡the¡¡public¡¡stores£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡will¡¡

leave¡¡the¡¡possibility¡¡of¡¡appropriating¡¡such¡¡valuable¡¡objects¡¡of¡¡art¡¡as¡¡would¡¡

naturally¡¡be¡¡preserved¡¡in¡¡public¡¡museums¡£¡¡It¡¡may¡¡be¡¡contended¡¡that¡¡such¡¡

forms¡¡of¡¡theft¡¡would¡¡be¡¡prevented¡¡by¡¡public¡¡opinion¡£¡¡But¡¡public¡¡opinion¡¡is¡¡

not¡¡greatly¡¡operative¡¡upon¡¡an¡¡individual¡¡unless¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡opinion¡¡of¡¡his¡¡own¡¡

group¡£¡¡A¡¡group¡¡of¡¡men¡¡combined¡¡for¡¡purposes¡¡of¡¡theft¡¡might¡¡readily¡¡defy¡¡

the¡¡public¡¡opinion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡majority¡¡unless¡¡that¡¡public¡¡op
·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©
δÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԭ´´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡