ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡ÔĶÁ¹ý³Ì·¢ÏÖÈκδíÎóÇë¸æËßÎÒÃÇ£¬Ð»Ð»£¡£¡ ±¨¸æ´íÎó
¾ÅÉ«Êé¼® ·µ»Ø±¾ÊéĿ¼ ÎÒµÄÊé¼Ü ÎÒµÄÊéÇ© TXTÈ«±¾ÏÂÔØ ½øÈëÊé°É ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©

proposed roads to freedom(ͨÍù×ÔÓÉ֮·)-µÚ30ÕÂ

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




means¡¡of¡¡groups¡¡which¡¡are¡¡jealous¡¡of¡¡their¡¡privileges¡¡and¡¡determined¡¡to¡¡

preserve¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡autonomy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡involve¡¡¡¡¡¡resistance¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡laws¡¡

decreed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡State£»¡¡when¡¡these¡¡laws¡¡interfere¡¡in¡¡the¡¡internal¡¡affairs¡¡of¡¡a¡¡

group¡¡in¡¡ways¡¡not¡¡warranted¡¡by¡¡the¡¡public¡¡interest¡£¡¡The¡¡glorification¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

State£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡doctrine¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡every¡¡citizen's¡¡duty¡¡to¡¡serve¡¡the¡¡State£»¡¡are¡¡

radically¡¡against¡¡progress¡¡and¡¡against¡¡liberty¡£¡¡The¡¡State£»¡¡though¡¡at¡¡present¡¡

a¡¡source¡¡of¡¡much¡¡evil£»¡¡is¡¡also¡¡a¡¡means¡¡to¡¡certain¡¡good¡¡things£»¡¡and¡¡will¡¡be¡¡

needed¡¡so¡¡long¡¡as¡¡violent¡¡and¡¡destructive¡¡impulses¡¡remain¡¡common¡£¡¡But¡¡it¡¡

is¡¡MERELY¡¡a¡¡means£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡means¡¡which¡¡needs¡¡to¡¡be¡¡very¡¡carefully¡¡and¡¡

sparingly¡¡used¡¡if¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡to¡¡do¡¡more¡¡harm¡¡than¡¡good¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡not¡¡the¡¡State£»¡¡

but¡¡the¡¡community£»¡¡the¡¡worldwide¡¡community¡¡of¡¡all¡¡human¡¡beings¡¡present¡¡

and¡¡future£»¡¡that¡¡we¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡serve¡£¡¡And¡¡a¡¡good¡¡community¡¡does¡¡not¡¡spring¡¡

from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡glory¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡State£»¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡unfettered¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡development¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

individuals£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡happiness¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡daily¡¡¡¡¡¡life£»¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡congenial¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡work¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡giving¡¡

opportunity¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡whatever¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡constructiveness¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡each¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡woman¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡

possess£»¡¡from¡¡free¡¡personal¡¡relations¡¡embodying¡¡love¡¡and¡¡taking¡¡away¡¡the¡¡

roots¡¡of¡¡envy¡¡in¡¡thwarted¡¡capacity¡¡from¡¡affection£»¡¡and¡¡above¡¡all¡¡from¡¡the¡¡

joy¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡expression¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡spontaneous¡¡¡¡¡¡creations¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡art¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

science¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡these¡¡things¡¡that¡¡make¡¡an¡¡age¡¡or¡¡a¡¡nation¡¡worthy¡¡of¡¡existence£»¡¡

and¡¡these¡¡things¡¡are¡¡not¡¡to¡¡be¡¡secured¡¡by¡¡bowing¡¡down¡¡before¡¡the¡¡State¡£¡¡It¡¡

is¡¡the¡¡individual¡¡in¡¡whom¡¡all¡¡that¡¡is¡¡good¡¡must¡¡be¡¡realized£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡free¡¡

growth¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡individual¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡supreme¡¡¡¡¡¡end¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡political¡¡¡¡¡¡system¡¡

which¡¡is¡¡to¡¡re¡­fashion¡¡the¡¡world¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡CHAPTER¡¡VI¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡INTERNATIONAL¡¡RELATIONS¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡main¡¡objects¡¡which¡¡should¡¡be¡¡served¡¡by¡¡international¡¡relations¡¡

may¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡taken¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡two£º¡¡¡¡¡¡First£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡avoidance¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡wars£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡second£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

prevention¡¡of¡¡the¡¡oppression¡¡of¡¡weak¡¡nations¡¡by¡¡strong¡¡ones¡£¡¡These¡¡two¡¡

objects¡¡do¡¡not¡¡by¡¡any¡¡means¡¡necessarily¡¡lead¡¡in¡¡the¡¡same¡¡direction£»¡¡since¡¡

one¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡easiest¡¡¡¡¡¡ways¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡securing¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡world's¡¡¡¡¡¡peace¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

combination¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡powerful¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡States¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡exploitation¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡93¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡94¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡PROPOSED¡¡ROADS¡¡TO¡¡FREEDOM¡¡



oppression¡¡of¡¡the¡¡remainder¡£¡¡This¡¡method£»¡¡however£»¡¡is¡¡not¡¡one¡¡which¡¡the¡¡

lover¡¡of¡¡liberty¡¡can¡¡favor¡£¡¡We¡¡must¡¡keep¡¡account¡¡of¡¡both¡¡aims¡¡and¡¡not¡¡be¡¡

content¡¡with¡¡either¡¡alone¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡One¡¡of¡¡the¡¡commonplaces¡¡of¡¡both¡¡Socialism¡¡and¡¡Anarchism¡¡is¡¡that¡¡all¡¡

modern¡¡¡¡¡¡wars¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡due¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡capitalism£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡cease¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡capitalism¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡

abolished¡£¡¡This¡¡view£»¡¡to¡¡my¡¡mind£»¡¡is¡¡only¡¡a¡¡half¡­truth£»¡¡the¡¡half¡¡that¡¡is¡¡true¡¡

is¡¡important£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡half¡¡that¡¡is¡¡untrue¡¡is¡¡perhaps¡¡equally¡¡important¡¡when¡¡

a¡¡fundamental¡¡reconstruction¡¡of¡¡society¡¡is¡¡being¡¡considered¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Socialist¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡Anarchist¡¡¡¡¡¡critics¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡existing¡¡¡¡¡¡society¡¡¡¡¡¡point£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡perfect¡¡

truth£»¡¡to¡¡certain¡¡capitalistic¡¡factors¡¡which¡¡promote¡¡war¡£¡¡The¡¡first¡¡of¡¡these¡¡is¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡desire¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡finance¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡find¡¡¡¡¡¡new¡¡¡¡¡¡fields¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡investment¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡undeveloped¡¡

countries¡£¡¡Mr¡£¡¡J¡£¡¡A¡£¡¡Hobson£»¡¡an¡¡author¡¡who¡¡is¡¡by¡¡no¡¡means¡¡extreme¡¡in¡¡his¡¡

views£»¡¡has¡¡well¡¡stated¡¡this¡¡point¡¡in¡¡his¡¡book¡¡on¡¡¡®¡®The¡¡Evolution¡¡of¡¡Modern¡¡

Capitalism¡£''£§55£§¡¡He¡¡says£º¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§55£§¡¡Walter¡¡Scott¡¡Publishing¡¡Company£»¡¡1906£»¡¡p¡£¡¡262¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡economic¡¡tap¡­root£»¡¡the¡¡chief¡¡directing¡¡motive¡¡of¡¡all¡¡the¡¡modern¡¡

imperialistic¡¡expansion£»¡¡is¡¡the¡¡pressure¡¡of¡¡capitalist¡¡industries¡¡for¡¡markets£»¡¡

primarily¡¡markets¡¡for¡¡investment£»¡¡secondarily¡¡markets¡¡for¡¡surplus¡¡products¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡home¡¡¡¡¡¡industry¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Where¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡concentration¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡capital¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡gone¡¡¡¡¡¡furthest£»¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡where¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡rigorous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡protective¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡system¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡prevails£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡pressure¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡

necessarily¡¡¡¡¡¡strongest¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Not¡¡¡¡¡¡merely¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡trusts¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡manufacturing¡¡

trades¡¡that¡¡restrict¡¡their¡¡output¡¡for¡¡the¡¡home¡¡market¡¡more¡¡urgently¡¡require¡¡

foreign¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡markets£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡anxious¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡secure¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡protected¡¡

markets£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡can¡¡only¡¡be¡¡achieved¡¡by¡¡extending¡¡the¡¡area¡¡of¡¡political¡¡

rule¡£¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡essential¡¡¡¡¡¡significance¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡recent¡¡¡¡¡¡change¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡American¡¡

foreign¡¡policy¡¡as¡¡illustrated¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Spanish¡¡War£»¡¡the¡¡Philippine¡¡annexation£»¡¡

the¡¡Panama¡¡policy£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡new¡¡application¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Monroe¡¡doctrine¡¡to¡¡the¡¡

South¡¡American¡¡States¡£¡¡South¡¡America¡¡is¡¡needed¡¡as¡¡a¡¡preferential¡¡market¡¡

for¡¡investment¡¡of¡¡trust¡¡¡®¡®profits''¡¡and¡¡surplus¡¡trust¡¡products£º¡¡if¡¡in¡¡time¡¡these¡¡

states¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡brought¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡within¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡Zollverein¡¡¡¡¡¡under¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡suzerainty¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

United¡¡States£»¡¡the¡¡financial¡¡area¡¡of¡¡operations¡¡receives¡¡a¡¡notable¡¡accession¡£¡¡

China¡¡as¡¡a¡¡field¡¡of¡¡railway¡¡enterprise¡¡and¡¡general¡¡industrial¡¡development¡¡

already¡¡begins¡¡to¡¡loom¡¡large¡¡in¡¡the¡¡eyes¡¡of¡¡foresighted¡¡American¡¡business¡¡

men£»¡¡the¡¡growing¡¡trade¡¡in¡¡American¡¡cotton¡¡and¡¡other¡¡goods¡¡in¡¡that¡¡country¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡94¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡95¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡PROPOSED¡¡ROADS¡¡TO¡¡FREEDOM¡¡



will¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡subordinate¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡consideration¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡expansion¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡area¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡

American¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡investments¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Diplomatic¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡pressure£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡armed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡force£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡where¡¡

desirable£»¡¡¡¡seizure¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡territory¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡political¡¡¡¡¡¡control£»¡¡¡¡will¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡engineered¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡

the¡¡financial¡¡magnates¡¡who¡¡control¡¡the¡¡political¡¡destiny¡¡of¡¡America¡£¡¡The¡¡

strong¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡expensive¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡American¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡navy¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡now¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡beginning¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡built¡¡

incidentally¡¡¡¡¡¡serves¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡purpose¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡affording¡¡¡¡¡¡profitable¡¡¡¡¡¡contracts¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

shipbuilding¡¡and¡¡metal¡¡industries£º¡¡its¡¡real¡¡meaning¡¡and¡¡use¡¡is¡¡to¡¡forward¡¡

the¡¡aggressive¡¡political¡¡policy¡¡imposed¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡nation¡¡by¡¡the¡¡economic¡¡

needs¡¡of¡¡the¡¡financial¡¡capitalists¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡should¡¡be¡¡clearly¡¡understood¡¡that¡¡this¡¡constant¡¡pressure¡¡to¡¡extend¡¡the¡¡

area¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡markets¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡necessary¡¡¡¡implication¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡forms¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡organized¡¡

industry¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡¡¡¡¡competition¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡displaced¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡combinations¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡genuinely¡¡

cooperative¡¡¡¡¡¡character¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡whole¡¡¡¡¡¡gain¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡improved¡¡¡¡¡¡economies¡¡

passed£»¡¡either¡¡to¡¡the¡¡workers¡¡in¡¡wages£»¡¡or¡¡to¡¡large¡¡bodies¡¡of¡¡investors¡¡in¡¡

dividends£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡expansion¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡demand¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡home¡¡¡¡¡¡markets¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡

great¡¡as¡¡to¡¡give¡¡full¡¡employment¡¡to¡¡the¡¡productive¡¡powers¡¡of¡¡concentrated¡¡

capital£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡self¡­accumulating¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡masses¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡profit¡¡

expressing¡¡themselves¡¡in¡¡new¡¡credit¡¡and¡¡demanding¡¡external¡¡employment¡£¡¡

It¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡®¡®monopoly''¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡profits¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡trusts¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡combines£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡taken¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡either¡¡¡¡in¡¡

construction£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡financial¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡operation£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡industrial¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡working£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡form¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

gathering¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fund¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡self¡­accumulating¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡credit¡¡¡¡¡¡whose¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡possession¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

financial¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡class¡¡¡¡¡¡implies¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡contracted¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡demand¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡commodities¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

correspondingly¡¡restricted¡¡employment¡¡for¡¡capital¡¡in¡¡American¡¡industries¡£¡¡

Within¡¡certain¡¡limits¡¡relief¡¡can¡¡be¡¡found¡¡by¡¡stimulation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡export¡¡trade¡¡

under¡¡cover¡¡of¡¡a¡¡high¡¡protective¡¡tariff¡¡which¡¡forbids¡¡all¡¡interference¡¡with¡¡

monopoly¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡home¡¡¡¡¡¡markets¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡extremely¡¡¡¡¡¡difficult¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡trusts¡¡

adapted¡¡to¡¡the¡¡requirements¡¡of¡¡a¡¡profitable¡¡tied¡¡market¡¡at¡¡home¡¡to¡¡adjust¡¡

their¡¡methods¡¡of¡¡free¡¡competition¡¡in¡¡the¡¡world¡¡markets¡¡upon¡¡a¡¡profitable¡¡

basis¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡steady¡¡¡¡¡¡trading¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Moreover£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡mode¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡expansion¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡

appropriate¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡certain¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡manufacturing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡trusts£º¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡owners¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡railroad£»¡¡

financial¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡trusts¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡look¡¡¡¡¡¡always¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡foreign¡¡¡¡¡¡investments¡¡

for¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡surplus¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡profits¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ever¡­growing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡need¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡fresh¡¡¡¡¡¡fields¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

investment¡¡for¡¡their¡¡profits¡¡is¡¡the¡¡great¡¡crux¡¡of¡¡the¡¡financial¡¡system£»¡¡and¡¡

threatens¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡dominate¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡future¡¡¡¡¡¡economics¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡politics¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡95¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡96¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡PROPOSED¡¡ROADS¡¡TO¡¡FREEDOM¡¡



Republic¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡financial¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡economy¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡American¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡capitalism¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡exhibits¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡more¡¡

dramatic¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡shape¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡tendency¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡common¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡finance¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡developed¡¡

industrial¡¡¡¡¡¡nations¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡large£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡easy¡¡¡¡¡¡flow¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡capital¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡Great¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Britain£»¡¡

Germany£»¡¡Austria£»¡¡¡¡¡¡France£»¡¡¡¡¡¡etc¡££»¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡South¡¡¡¡¡¡African¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡Australian¡¡¡¡¡¡mines£»¡¡

into¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Egyptian¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡bonds£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡precarious¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡securities¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡South¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡American¡¡

republics£»¡¡¡¡¡¡attests¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡same¡¡¡¡¡¡general¡¡¡¡¡¡pressure¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡increases¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡

development¡¡of¡¡financial¡¡machinery¡¡and¡¡the¡¡more¡¡profitable¡¡
·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©
δÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԭ´´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡