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spatch insisted that I ought to obey the order； and was giving arguments to support the position； when I heard a great cheering to the right of our line； and looking in that direction； saw Lawler； in his shirt…sleeves； leading a charge on the enemy。 I immediately mounted my horse and rode in the direction of the charge； and saw no more of the officer who had delivered the message； I think not even to this day。〃 When Grant reached Vicksburg； there was no further talk of recalling him to Grand Gulf or Port Hudson。 The authorities at Washington then saw plainly enough what had been done in the interior of Mississippi； far from the reach of telegraphs or mail。
As soon as the National troops reached Vicksburg an assault was attempted； but the place was too strong； and the attack was repulsed； with heavy loss。 Grant then settled down to a siege； and Lincoln and Halleck now sent him ample reinforcements。 He no longer needed to ask for them。 His campaign had explained itself； and in a short time he had seventy thousand men under his command。 His lines were soon made so strong that it was impossible for the defenders of Vicksburg to break through them； and although Johnston had gathered troops again to the eastward； an assault from that quarter on the National army； now so largely reinforced； was practically out of the question。 Tighter and tighter Grant drew his lines about the city； where； every day； the suffering became more intense。 It is not necessary to give the details of the siege。 On July 4； 1863； Vicksburg surrendered； the Mississippi was in control of the National forces from its source to its mouth； and the Confederacy was rent in twain。 On the same day Lee was beaten at Gettysburg； and these two great victories really crushed the Rebellion； although much hard fighting remained to be done before the end was reached。
Grant's campaign against Vicksburg deserves to be compared with that of Napoleon which resulted in the fall of Ulm。 It was the most brilliant single campaign of the war。 With an inferior force； and abandoning his lines of communication； moving with a marvelous rapidity through a difficult country； Grant struck the superior forces of the enemy on the line from Jackson to Vicksburg。 He crushed Johnston before Pemberton could get to him； and he flung Pemberton back into Vicksburg before Johnston could rally from the defeat which had been inflicted。 With an inferior force； Grant was superior at every point of contest； and he won every fight。 Measured by the skill displayed and the result achieved； there is no campaign in our history which better deserves study and admiration。
ROBERT GOULD SHAW
Brave； good； and true； I see him stand before me now； And read again on that young brow； Where every hope was new； HOW SWEET WERE LIFE！ Yet； by the mouth firm…set； And look made up for Duty's utmost debt； I could divine he knew That death within the sulphurous hostile lines； In the mere wreck of nobly…pitched designs； Plucks hearts…ease； and not rue。
Right in the van； On the red ramparts slippery swell； With heart that beat a charge； he fell； Foeward； as fits a man； But the high soul burns on to light men's feet Where death for noble ends makes dying sweet； His life her crescent's span Orbs full with share in their undarkening days Who ever climbed the battailous steeps of praise Since valor's praise began。
We bide our chance； Unhappy； and make terms with Fate A little more to let us wait； He leads for aye the advance； Hope's forlorn…hopes that plant the desperate good For nobler Earths and days of manlier mood； Our wall of circumstance Cleared at a bound； he flashes o'er the fight； A saintly shape of fame； to cheer the right And steel each wavering glance。
I write of one； While with dim eyes I think of three； Who weeps not others fair and brave as he？ Ah； when the fight is won； Dear Land； whom triflers now make bold to scorn （Thee from whose forehead Earth awaits her morn）； How nobler shall the sun Flame in thy sky； how braver breathe thy air； That thou bred'st children who for thee could dare And die as thine have done。 Lowell。
ROBERT GOULD SHAW
Robert Gould Shaw was born in Boston on October 10； 1837； the son of Francis and Sarah Sturgis Shaw。 When he was about nine years old； his parents moved to Staten Island； and he was educated there； and at school in the neighborhood of New York； until he went to Europein 1853； where he remained traveling and studying for the next three years。 He entered Harvard College in 1856； and left at the end of his third year； in order to accept an advantageous business offer in New York。
Even as a boy he took much interest in politics； and especially in the question of slavery。 He voted for Lincoln in 1860； and at that time enlisted as a private in the New York 7th Regiment； feeling that there was likelihood of trouble； and that there would be a demand for soldiers to defend the country。 His foresight was justified only too soon； and on April 19； 1861； he marched with his regiment to Washington。 The call for the 7th Regiment was only for thirty days； and at the expiration of that service he applied for and obtained a commission as second lieutenant in the 2d Massachusetts； and left with that regiment for Virginia in July； 1861。 He threw himself eagerly into his new duties； and soon gained a good position in the regiment。 At Cedar Mountain he was an aid on General Gordon's staff； and was greatly exposed in the performance of his duties during the action。 He was also with his regiment at Antietam； and was in the midst of the heavy fighting of that great battle。
Early in 1863； the Government determined to form negro regiments； and Governor Andrew offered Shaw； who had now risen to the rank of captain； the colonelcy of one to be raised in Massachusetts； the first black regiment recruited under State authority。 It was a great compliment to receive this offer； but Shaw hesitated as to his capacity for such a responsible post。 He first wrote a letter declining； on the ground that he did not feel that he had ability enough for the undertaking； and then changed his mind； and telegraphed Governor Andrew that he would accept。 It is not easy to realize it now； but his action then in accepting this command required high moral courage； of a kind quite different from that which he had displayed already on the field of battle。 The prejudice against the blacks was still strong even in the North。 There was a great deal of feeling among certain classes against enlisting black regiments at all； and the officers who undertook to recruit and lead negroes were。 exposed to much attack and criticism。 Shaw felt；however； that this very opposition made it all the more incumbent on him to undertake the duty。 He wrote on February 8：
After I have undertaken this work； I shall feel that what I have to do is to prove that the negro can be made a good soldier。 。 。 。 I am inclined to think that the undertaking will not meet with so much opposition as was at first supposed。 All sensible men in the army； of all parties； after a little thought； say that it is the best thing that can be done； and surely those at home who are not brave or patriotic enough to enlist should not ridicule or throw obstacles in the way of men who are going to fight for them。 There is a great prejudice against it； but now that it has become a government matter； that will probably wear away。 At any rate I sha'n't be frightened out of it by its unpopularity。 I feel convinced I shall never regret having taken this step； as far as I myself am concerned； for while I was undecided； I felt ashamed of myself as if I were cowardly。
Colonel Shaw went at once to Boston； after accepting his new duty； and began the work of raising and drilling the 54th Regiment。 He met with great success； for he and his officers labored heart and soul； and the regiment repaid their efforts。 On March 30； he wrote： 〃The mustering officer who was here to…day is a Virginian； and has always thought it was a great joke to try to make soldiers of 'niggers；' but he tells me now that he has never mustered in so fine a set of men； though about twenty thousand had passed through his hands since September。〃 On May 28； Colonel Shaw left Boston； and his march through the city was a triumph。 The appearance of his regiment made a profound impression； and was one of the events of the war which those who saw it never forgot。
The regiment was ordered to South Carolina； and when they were off Cape Hatteras； Colonel Shaw wrote：
The more I think of the passage of the 54th through Boston； the more wonderful it seems to me。 just remember our own doubts and fears； and other people's sneering and pitying remarks when we began last winter； and then look at the perfect triumph of last Thursday。 We have gone quietly along； forming the first regiment； and at last left Boston amidst greater enthusiasm than has been seen since the first three months' troops left for the war。 Truly； I ought to be thankful for all my happiness and my success in life so far； and if the raising of colored troops prove such a benefit to the country and to the blacks as many people think it will； I shall thank God a thousand times that I was led to take my share in it。
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