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When what we should term the historical age emerged from the twilight of tradition； the Ana were already established in different communities； and had attained to a degree of civilisation very analogous to that which the more advanced nations above the earth now enjoy。 They were familiar with most of our mechanical inventions； including the application of steam as well as gas。 The communities were in fierce competition with each other。 They had their rich and their poor； they had orators and conquerors； they made war either for a domain or an idea。 Though the various states acknowledged various forms of government； free institutions were beginning to preponderate； popular assemblies increased in power； republics soon became general； the democracy to which the most enlightened European politicians look forward as the extreme goal of political advancement； and which still prevailed among other subterranean races； whom they despised as barbarians； the loftier family of Ana； to which belonged the tribe I was visiting； looked back to as one of the crude and ignorant experiments which belong to the infancy of political science。 It was the age of envy and hate； of fierce passions； of 34constant social changes more or less violent； of strife between classes； of war between state and state。 This phase of society lasted； however； for some ages； and was finally brought to a close； at least among the nobler and more intellectual populations； by the gradual discovery of the latent powers stored in the all…permeating fluid which they denominate Vril。
According to the account I received from Zee； who； as an erudite professor of the College of Sages； had studied such matters more diligently than any other member of my host's family； this fluid is capable of being raised and disciplined into the mightiest agency over all forms of matter； animate or inanimate。 It can destroy like the flash of lightning； yet； differently applied； it can replenish or invigorate life； heal； and preserve； and on it they chiefly rely for the cure of disease； or rather for enabling the physical organisation to re…establish the due equilibrium of its natural powers； and thereby to cure itself。 By this agency they rend way through the most solid substances； and open valleys for culture through the rocks of their subterranean wilderness。 From it they extract the light which supplies their lamps； finding it steadier； softer； and healthier than the other inflammable materials they had formerly used。
But the effects of the alleged discovery of the means to direct the more terrible force of vril were chiefly remarkable in their influence upon social polity。 As these effects became familiarly known and skillfully administered； war between the vril…discoverers ceased； for they brought the art of destruction to such perfection as to annul all superiority in numbers； discipline； or military skill。 The fire lodged in the hollow of a rod directed by the hand of a child could shatter the strongest fortress； or cleave its burning way from the van to the rear of an embattled host。 If army met army； and both had command of this agency； it could be but to the annihilation of each。 The age of war was therefore gone； but with the 35cessation of war other effects bearing upon the social state soon became apparent。 Man was so completely at the mercy of man； each whom he encountered being able； if so willing； to slay him on the instant； that all notions of government by force gradually vanished from political systems and forms of law。 It is only by force that vast communities； dispersed through great distances of space； can be kept together； but now there was no longer either the necessity of self…preservation or the pride of aggrandisement to make one state desire to preponderate in population over another。
The Vril…discoverers thus； in the course of a few generations； peacefully split into communities of moderate size。 The tribe amongst which I had fallen was limited to 12；000 families。 Each tribe occupied a territory sufficient for all its wants； and at stated periods the surplus population departed to seek a realm of its own。 There appeared no necessity for any arbitrary selection of these emigrants； there was always a sufficient number who volunteered to depart。
These subdivided states； petty if we regard either territory or population；… all appertained to one vast general family。 They spoke the same language； though the dialects might slightly differ。 They intermarried； They maintained the same general laws and customs； and so important a bond between these several communities was the knowledge of vril and the practice of its agencies； that the word A…Vril was synonymous with civilisation； and Vril…ya； signifying 〃The Civilised Nations；〃 was the common name by which the communities employing the uses of vril distinguished themselves from such of the Ana as were yet in a state of barbarism。
The government of the tribe of Vril…ya I am treating of was apparently very complicated； really very simple。 It was based upon a principle recognised in theory； though little carried out in practice； above ground… viz。； that the object of all systems of philosophical thought tends to the attainment of unity； or the ascent through all intervening labyrinths to the simplicity of a single first cause or principle。 Thus in 36politics； even republican writers have agreed that a benevolent autocracy would insure the best administration； if there were any guarantees for its continuance； or against its gradual abuse of the powers accorded to it。 This singular community elected therefore a single supreme magistrate styled Tur； he held his office nominally for life； but he could seldom be induced to retain it after the first approach of old age。 There was indeed in this society nothing to induce any of its members to covet the cares of office。 No honours； no insignia of higher rank； were assigned to it。 The supreme magistrate was not distinguished from the rest by superior habitation or revenue。 On the other hand； the duties awarded to him were marvellously light and easy； requiring no preponderant degree of energy or intelligence。 There being no apprehensions of war； there were no armies to maintain； there being no government of force； there was no police to appoint and direct。 What we call crime was utterly unknown to the Vril…ya； and there were no courts of criminal justice。 The rare instances of civil disputes were referred for arbitration to friends chosen by either party； or decided by the Council of Sages； which will be described later。 There were no professional lawyers； and indeed their laws were but amicable conventions； for there was no power to enforce laws against an offender who carried in his staff the power to destroy his judges。 There were customs and regulations to compliance with which； for several ages； the people had tacitly habituated themselves； or if in any instance an individual felt such compliance hard； he quitted the community and went elsewhere。 There was； in fact； quietly established amid this state； much the same compact that is found in our private families； in which we virtually say to any independent grown…up member of the family whom we receive to entertain； 〃Stay or go； according as our habits and regulations suit or displease you。〃 But though there were no laws such as we call laws； no race above ground is so 37law…observing。 Obedience to the rule adopted by the community has become as much an instinct as if it were implanted by nature。 Even in every household the head of it makes a regulation for its guidance； which is never resisted nor even cavilled at by those who belong to the family。 They have a proverb； the pithiness of which is much lost in this paraphrase； 〃No happiness without order； no order without authority； no authority without unity。〃 The mildness of all government among them； civil or domestic； may be signalised by their idiomatic expressions for such terms as illegal or forbidden… viz。； 〃It is requested not to do so and so。〃 Poverty among the Ana is as unknown as crime； not that property is held in common； or that all are equals in the extent of their possessions or the size and luxury of their habitations： but there being no difference of rank or position between the grades of wealth or the choice of occupations； each pursues his own inclinations without creating envy or vying； some like a modest； some a more splendid kind of life； each makes himself happy in his own way。 Owing to this absence of competition； and the limit placed on the population； it is difficult for a family to fall into distress； there are no hazardous speculations； no emulators striving for superior wealth and rank。 No doubt； in each settlement all originally had the same proportions of land dealt out to them； but some； more adventurous than others； had extended their possessions farther into the bordering wilds； or had improved into richer fertility the produce of their fields； or entered into commerce or trade。 Thus； necessarily； some had grown richer than others； but none had become absolutely poor； or wanting anything which their tastes desired。 If they did so； it was always in their power to migrate； or at the worst to apply； witho