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plague was coming on to its highest pitch； it was very ordinary to have
from a thousand to twelve hundred； nay； to almost fifteen hundred a
week of other distempers。 Not that the numbers of those distempers
were really increased to such a degree； but the great number of
families and houses where really the infection was； obtained the
favour to have their dead be returned of other distempers； to prevent
the shutting up their houses。 For example： …
Dead of other diseases beside the plague …
From the 18th July to the 25th 942
〃 25th July 〃 1st August 1004
〃 1st August 〃 8th 1213
〃 8th 〃 15th 1439
〃 15th 〃 22nd 1331
〃 22nd 〃 29th 1394
〃 29th 〃 5th September 1264
〃 5th September to the 12th 1056
〃 12th 〃 19th 1132
〃 19th 〃 26th 927
Now it was not doubted but the greatest part of these； or a great part
of them； were dead of the plague； but the officers were prevailed with
to return them as above； and the numbers of some particular articles
of distempers discovered is as follows： …
Aug。 Aug。 Aug。 Aug。 Aug。 Sept。 Sept。 Sept。
1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19
to 8 to 15 to 22 to 29 to Sept。5 to 12 to 19 to 26
Fever 314 353 348 383 364 332 309 268
Spotted 174 190 166 165 157 97 101 65
Fever
Surfeit 85 87 74 99 68 45 49 36
Teeth 90 113 111 133 138 128 121 112
…
663 743 699 780 727 602 580 481
There were several other articles which bore a proportion to these；
and which； it is easy to perceive； were increased on the same account；
as aged； consumptions； vomitings； imposthumes； gripes； and the like；
many of which were not doubted to be infected people； but as it was
of the utmost consequence to families not to be known to be infected；
if it was possible to avoid it； so they took all the measures they could
to have it not believed； and if any died in their houses； to get them
returned to the examiners； and by the searchers； as having died of
other distempers。
This； I say； will account for the long interval which； as I have said；
was between the dying of the first persons that were returned in the
bill to be dead of the plague and the time when the distemper spread
openly and could not be concealed。
Besides； the weekly bills themselves at that time evidently discover
the truth； for； while there was no mention of the plague； and no
increase after it had been mentioned； yet it was apparent that there
was an increase of those distempers which bordered nearest upon it；
for example； there were eight； twelve； seventeen of the spotted fever
in a week； when there were none； or but very few； of the plague；
whereas before； one； three； or four were the ordinary weekly numbers
of that distemper。 Likewise； as I observed before； the burials
increased weekly in that particular parish and the parishes adjacent
more than in any other parish； although there were none set down of
the plague； all which tells us； that the infection was handed on； and
the succession of the distemper really preserved； though it seemed to
us at that time to be ceased； and to come again in a manner surprising。
It might be； also； that the infection might remain in other parts of
the same parcel of goods which at first it came in； and which might
not be perhaps opened； or at least not fully； or in the clothes of the
first infected person； for I cannot think that anybody could be seized
with the contagion in a fatal and mortal degree for nine weeks
together； and support his state of health so well as even not to
discover it to themselves； yet if it were so； the argument is the
stronger in favour of what I am saying： namely； that the infection is
retained in bodies apparently well； and conveyed from them to those
they converse with； while it is known to neither the one nor the other。
Great were the confusions at that time upon this very account； and
when people began to be convinced that the infection was received in
this surprising manner from persons apparently well； they began to be
exceeding shy and jealous of every one that came near them。 Once；
on a public day； whether a Sabbath…day or not I do not remember； in
Aldgate Church； in a pew full of people； on a sudden one fancied she
smelt an ill smell。 Immediately she fancies the plague was in the pew；
whispers her notion or suspicion to the next； then rises and goes out of
the pew。 It immediately took with the next； and so to them all； and
every one of them； and of the two or three adjoining pews； got up and
went out of the church； nobody knowing what it was offended them；
or from whom。
This immediately filled everybody's mouths with one preparation or
other； such as the old woman directed； and some perhaps as
physicians directed； in order to prevent infection by the breath of
others； insomuch that if we came to go into a church when it was
anything full of people； there would be such a mixture of smells at the
entrance that it was much more strong； though perhaps not so
wholesome； than if you were going into an apothecary's or druggist's
shop。 In a word； the whole church was like a smelling…bottle； in one
corner it was all perfumes； in another； aromatics； balsamics； and
variety of drugs and herbs； in another； salts and spirits； as every one
was furnished for their own preservation。 Yet I observed that after
people were possessed； as I have said； with the belief； or rather
assurance； of the infection being thus carried on by persons apparently
in health； the churches and meeting…houses were much thinner of
people than at other times before that they used to be。 For this is to be
said of the people of London； that during the whole time of the
pestilence the churches or meetings were never wholly shut up； nor
did the people decline coming out to the public worship of God；
except only in some parishes when the violence of the distemper was
more particularly in that parish at that time； and even then no longer
than it continued to be so。
Indeed nothing was more strange than to see with what courage the
people went to the public service of God； even at that time when they
were afraid to stir out of their own houses upon any other occasion；
this； I mean； before the time of desperation； which I have mentioned
already。 This was a proof of the exceeding populousness of the city at
the time of the infection； notwithstanding the great numbers that were
gone into the country at the first alarm； and that fled out into the
forests and woods when they were further terrified with the
extraordinary increase of it。 For when we came to see the crowds and
throngs of people which appeared on the Sabbath…days at the
churches； and especially in those parts of the town where the plague
was abated； or where it was not yet come to its height； it was amazing。
But of this I shall speak again presently。 I return in the meantime to
the article of infecting one another at first； before people came to right
notions of the infection； and of infecting one another。 People were
only shy of those that were really sick； a man with a cap upon his
head； or with clothes round his neck； which was the case of those that
had swellings there。 Such was indeed frightful； but when we saw a
gentleman dressed； with his band on and his gloves in his hand； his
hat upon his head； and his hair combed； of such we bad not the least
apprehensions； and people conversed a great while freely； especially
with their neighbours and such as they knew。 But when the
physicians assured us that the danger was as well from the sound （that
is； the seemingly sound） as the sick； and that those people who
thought themselves entirely free were oftentimes the most fatal； and
that it came to be generally understood that people were sensible of it；
and of the reason of it； then； I say； they began to be jealous of
everybody； and a vast number of people locked themselves up； so as
not to come abroad into any company at all； nor suffer any that had
been abroad in promiscuous company to come into their houses； or
near them … at least not so near them as to be within the reach of their
breath or of any smell from them； and when they were obliged to
converse at a distance with strangers； they would always have
preservatives in their mouths and about their clothes to repel and keep
off the infection。