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said；〃 replied Napoleon。 〃Well； madame； let the French be indebted to you for bringing up mothers for their children。〃〃Napoleon one day interrupted Madame de Stael in the midst of a profound political argument to ask her whether she had nursed her children。〃
Never had the establishment at St。 Germain been in a more flourishing condition than in 1802…3。 What more could Madame Campan wish？ For ten years absolute in her own house； she seemed also safe from the caprice of power。 But the man who then disposed of the fate of France and Europe was soon to determine otherwise。
After the battle of Austerlitz the State undertook to bring up； at the public expense； the sisters； daughters； or nieces of those who were decorated with the Cross of Honour。 The children of the warriors killed or wounded in glorious battle were to find paternal care in the ancient abodes of the Montmorencys and the Condes。 Accustomed to concentrate around him all superior talents； fearless himself of superiority； Napoleon sought for a person qualified by experience and abilities to conduct the institution of Ecouen； he selected Madame Campan。
Comte de Lacepede； the pupil； friend； and rival of Buffon； then Grand Chancellor of the Legion of Honour； assisted her with his enlightened advice。 Napoleon； who could descend with ease from the highest political subjects to the examination of the most minute details； who was as much at home in inspecting a boarding…school for young ladies as in reviewing the grenadiers of his guard； whom it was impossible to deceive； and who was not unwilling to find fault when he visited the establishment at Ecouen；was forced to say； 〃It is all right。〃
＇Napoleon wished to be informed of every particular of the furniture； government； and order of the house； the instruction and education of the pupils。 The internal regulations were submitted to him。 One of the intended rules； drawn up by Madame Campan； proposed that the children should hear mass on Sundays and Thursdays。 Napoleon himself wrote on the margin； 〃every day。〃＇
〃In the summer of 1811；〃 relates Madame Campan； 〃Napoleon； accompanied by Marie Louise and several personages of distinction； visited the establishment at Ecouen。 After inspecting the chapel and the refectories； Napoleon desired that the three principal pupils might be presented to him。 'Sire；' said I； 'I cannot select three； I must present six。' He turned on his heel and repaired to the platform； where； after seeing all the classes assembled； he repeated his demand。 'Sire；' said I； 'I beg leave to inform your Majesty that I should commit an injustice towards several other pupils who are as far advanced as those whom I might have the honour to present to you。'
〃Berthier and others intimated to me； in a low tone of voice； that I should get into disgrace by my noncompliance。 Napoleon looked over the whole of the house； entered into the most trivial details； and after addressing questions to several of the pupils： 'Well； madame；' said he； 'I am satisfied； show me your six best pupils。'〃 Madame Campan presented them to him； and as he stepped into his carriage； he desired that their names might be sent to Berthier。 On addressing the list to the Prince de Neufchatel； Madame Campan added to it the names of four other pupils； and all the ten obtained a pension of 300 francs。 During the three hours which this visit occupied； Marie Louise did not utter a single word。
M。 de Beaumont； chamberlain to the Empress Josephine； one day at Malmaison was expressing his regret that M。 D… ； one of Napoleon's generals； who had recently been promoted； did not belong to a great family。 〃You mistake； monsieur；〃 observed Madame Campan； 〃he is of very ancient descent； he is one of the nephews of Charlemagne。 All the heroes of our army sprang from the elder branch of that sovereign's family； who never emigrated。〃
When Madame Campan related this circumstance she added： 〃After the 30th of March； 1814； some officers of the army of Conde presumed to say to certain French marshals that it was a pity they were not more nobly connected。 In answer to this； one of them said； 'True nobility； gentlemen； consists in giving proofs of it。 The field of honour has witnessed ours； but where are we to look for yours？ Your swords have rusted in their scabbards。 Our laurels may well excite envy； we have earned them nobly； and we owe them solely to our valour。 You have merely inherited a name。 This is the distinction between us。〃
＇When one of the princes of the smaller German States was showing Marechal Lannes； with a contemptuous superiority of manner but ill concealed； the portraits of his ancestors； and covertly alluding to the absence of Lannes's； that general turned the tables on him by haughtily remarking； 〃But I am an ancestor。〃＇
Napoleon used to observe that if he had had two such field…marshals as Suchet in Spain he would have not only conquered but kept the Peninsula。 Suchet's sound judgment； his governing yet conciliating spirit； his military tact； and his bravery； had procured him astonishing success。 〃It is to be regretted；〃 added he； 〃that a sovereign cannot improvise men of his stamp。〃
On the 19th of March； 1815； a number of papers were left in the King's closet。 Napoleon ordered them to be examined； and among them was found the letter written by Madame Campan to Louis XVIII。； immediately after the first restoration。 In this letter she enumerated the contents of the portfolio which Louis XVI。 had placed under her care。 When Napoleon read this letter； he said； 〃Let it be sent to the office of Foreign Affairs； it is an historical document。〃
Madame Campan thus described a visit from the Czar of Russia： 〃A few days after the battle of Paris the Emperor Alexander came to Ecouen； and he did me the honour to breakfast with me。 After showing him over the establishment I conducted him to the park； the most elevated point of which overlooked the plain of St。 Denis。 'Sire；' said I； 'from this point I saw the battle of Paris''If；' replied the Emperor； 'that battle had lasted two hours longer we should not have had a single cartridge at our disposal。 We feared that we had been betrayed； for on arriving so precipitately before Paris all our plans were laid； and we did not expect the firm resistance we experienced。' I next conducted the Emperor to the chapel； and showed him the seats occupied by 'le connetable' （the constable） of Montmorency； and 'la connetable' （the constable's lady）； when they went to hear mass。 'Barbarians like us；' observed the Emperor； 'would say la connetable and le connetable。'
〃The Czar inquired into the most minute particulars respecting the establishment of Ecouen； and I felt great pleasure in answering his questions。 I recollect having dwelt on several points which appeared to me to be very important； and which were in their spirit hostile to aristocratic principles。 For example； I informed his Majesty that the daughters of distinguished and wealthy individuals and those of the humble and obscure mingled indiscriminately in the establishment。 'If；' said I； 'I were to observe the least pretension on account of the rank or fortune of parents； I should immediately put an end to it。 The most perfect equality is preserved； distinction is awarded only to merit and industry。 The pupils are obliged to cut out and make all their own clothes。 They are taught to clean and mend lace； and two at a time； they by turns； three times a week； cook and distribute food to the poor of the village。 The young girls who have been brought up at Ecouen； or in my boarding…school at St。 Germain； are thoroughly acquainted with everything relating to household business； and they are grateful to me for having made that a part of their education。 In my conversations with them I have always taught them that on domestic management depends the preservation or dissipation of their fortunes。'
〃The post…master of Ecouen was in the courtyard at the moment when the Emperor； as he stepped into his carriage； told me he would send some sweetmeats for the pupils。 I immediately communicated to them the intelligence； which was joyfully received； but the sweetmeats were looked for in vain。 When Alexander set out for England he changed horses at Ecouen； and the post…master said to him： 'Sire； the pupils of Ecouen are still expecting the sweetmeats which your Majesty promised them。' To which the Emperor replied that he had directed Saken to send them。 The Cossacks had most likely devoured the sweetmeats； and the poor little girls； who had been so highly flattered by the promise； never tasted them。〃
A second house was formed at St。 Denis； on the model of that of Ecouen。 Perhaps Madame Campan might have hoped for a title to which her long labours gave her a right； perhaps the superintendence of the two houses would have been but the fair recompense of her services； but her fortunate years had passed her fate was now to depend on the most important events。 Napoleon had accumulated such a mass of power as no one but himself in Europe could overturn。 France； content with thirty years of victories； in vain asked for peace and repose。 The army which had triumphed