按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
before its destruction； as Sylla was the reverse in dying before the
dedication of his。 For immediately after Vespasian's death it was
consumed by fire。 The fourth； which now exists； was both built and
dedicated by Domitian。 It is said Tarquin expended forty thousand
pounds of silver in the very foundations； but the whole wealth of
the richest private man in Rome would not discharge the cost of the
gilding of this temple in our days； it amounting to above twelve
thousand talents； the pillars were cut out of Pentelican marble； of
a length most happily proportioned to their thickness； these we saw at
Athens； but when they were cut anew at Rome and polished； they did not
gain so much in embellishment as they lost in symmetry； being rendered
too taper and slender。 Should any one who wonders at the costliness of
the Capitol visit any one gallery in Domitian's palace； or hall； or
bath； or the apartments of his concubines； Epicharmus's remark upon
the prodigal； that…
〃'Tis not beneficence； but truth to say；
A mere disease of giving things away；〃
would be in his mouth in application to Domitian。 It is neither piety；
he would say； nor magnificence； but； indeed； a mere disease of
building； and a desire； like Midas； of converting everything into gold
or stone。 And thus much for this matter。
Tarquin； after the great battle wherein he lost his son in combat
with Brutus； fled to Clusium； and sought aid from Lars Porsenna；
then one of those most powerful princes of Italy； and a man of worth
and generosity； who assured him of assistance； immediately sending his
commands to Rome that they should receive Tarquin as their king；
and； upon the Romans' refusal； proclaimed war； and； having signified
the time and place where he intended his attack； approached with a
great army。 Poplicola was； in his absence； chosen consul a second
time； and Titus Lucretius his colleague； and； returning to Rome； to
show a spirit yet loftier than Porsenna's； built the city Sigliura
when Porsenna was already in the neighbourhood； and walling it at
great expense； there placed a colony of seven hundred men； as being
little concerned at the war。 Nevertheless； Porsenna； making a sharp
assault； obliged the defendants to retire to Rome； who had almost in
their entrance admitted the enemy into the city with them； only
Poplicola by sallying out at the gate prevented them； and； joining
battle by Tiber side； opposed the enemy； that pressed on with their
multitude； but at last； sinking under desperate wounds； was carried
out of the fight。 The same fortune fell upon Lucretius； so that the
Romans； being dismayed； retreated into the city for their security；
and Rome was in great hazard of being taken； the enemy forcing their
way on to the wooden bridge； where Horatius Cocles； seconded by two of
the first men in Rome； Herminius and Lartius； made head against
them。 Horatius obtained this name from the loss of one of his eyes
in the war； or； as others write； from the depressure of his nose；
which； leaving nothing in the middle to separate them； made both
eyes appear but as one； and hence； intending to say Cyclops； by a
mispronunciation they called him Cocles。 This Cocles kept the
bridge； and held back the enemy； till his own party broke it down
behind； and then with his armour dropped into the river； and swam to
the hither side； with a wound in his hip from a Tuscan spear。
Poplicola； admiring his courage； proposed at once that the Romans
should every one make him a present of a day's provisions； and
afterwards give him as much land as he could plough round in one
day； and besides erected a brazen statute to his honour in the
temple of Vulcan； as a requital for the lameness caused by his wound。
But Porsenna laying close siege to the city； and a famine raging
amongst the Romans； also a new army of the Tuscans making incursions
into the country； Poplicola； a third time chosen consul； designed to
make； without sallying out； his defence against Porsenna； but；
privately stealing forth against the new army of the Tuscans； put them
to flight and slew five thousand。 The story of Mucius is variously
given； we； like others； must follow the commonly received statement。
He was a man endowed with every virtue； but most eminent in war；
and； resolving to kill Porsenna； attired himself in the Tuscan
habit； and using the Tuscan language； came to the camp； and
approaching the seat where the king sat amongst his nobles； but not
certainly knowing the king； and fearful to inquire； drew out his
sword； and stabbed one who he thought had most the appearance of king。
Mucius was taken in the act； and whilst he was under examination； a
pan of fire was brought to the king； who intended to sacrifice； Mucius
thrust his right hand into the flame； and whilst it burnt stood
looking at Porsenna with a steadfast and undaunted countenance；
Porsenna at last in admiration dismissed him； and returned his
sword； reaching it from his seat； Mucius received it in his left hand；
which occasioned the name of Scaevola； left…handed； and said； 〃I
have overcome the terrors of Porsenna； yet am vanquished by his
generosity； and gratitude obliges me to disclose what no punishment
could extort； and assured him then； that three hundred Romans； all
of the same resolution； lurked about his camp； only waiting for an
opportunity； he； by lot appointed to the enterprise； was not sorry
that he had miscarried in it； because so brave and good a man deserved
rather to be a friend to the Romans than an enemy。 To this Porsenna
gave credit； and thereupon expressed an inclination to a truce； not； I
presume； so much out of fear of the three hundred Romans； as in
admiration of the Roman courage。 All other writers call this man
Mucius Scaevola； yet Athendrous； son of Sandon； in a book addressed to
Octavia； Caesar's sister； avers he was also called Postumus。
Poplicola； not so much esteeming Porsenna's enmity dangerous to Rome
as his friendship and alliance serviceable； was induced to refer the
controversy with Tarquin to his arbitration； and several times
undertook to prove Tarquin the worst of men； and justly deprived of
his kingdom。 But Tarquin proudly replied he would admit no judge； much
less Porsenna； that had fallen away from his engagements； and
Porsenna； resenting this answer； and mistrusting the equity of his
cause； moved also by the solicitations of his son Aruns； who was
earnest for the Roman interest； made a peace on these conditions； that
they should resign the land they had taken from the Tuscans； and
restore all prisoners and receive back their deserters。 To confirm the
peace； the Romans gave as hostages ten sons of patrician parents；
and as many daughters； amongst whom was Valeria； the daughter of
Poplicola。
Upon these assurances； Porsenna ceased from all acts of hostility；
and the young girls went down to the river to bathe at that part where
the winding of the bank formed a bay and made the waters stiller and
quieter； and； seeing no guard； nor any one coming or going over；
they were encouraged to swim over； notwithstanding the depth and
violence of the stream。 Some affirm that one of them； by name Cloelia；
passing over on horseback； persuaded the rest to swim after； but； upon
their safe arrival； presenting themselves to Poplicola； he neither
praised nor approved their return； but was concerned lest he should
appear less faithful than Porsenna； and this boldness in the maidens
should argue treachery in the Romans； so that； apprehending them； he
sent them back to Porsenna。 But Tarquin's men； having intelligence
of this； laid a strong ambuscade on the other side for those that
conducted them； and while these were skirmishing together； Valeria；
the daughter of Poplicola； rushed through the enemy； and fled； and
with the assistance of three of her attendants made good her escape；
whilst the rest were dangerously hedged in by the soldiers； but Aruns；
Porsenna's son； upon tidings of it； hastened to their rescue； and；
putting the enemy to flight； delivered the Romans。 When Porsenna saw
the maiden returned； demanding who was the author and adviser of the
act； and understanding Cloelia to be the person； he looked on her with
a cheerful and benignant countenance； and； commanding one of his
horses to be brought； sumptuously adorned； made her a present of it。
This is produced as evidence by those who affirm that only Cloelia
passed the river on horseback； those who deny it call it only the
honour the Tuscan did to her courage； a figure； however； on horseback；
stands in the Via Sacra； as you go to the Palatium； which some say
is the statue of Cloelia； others of Valeria。 Porsenna； thus reconciled
to the Romans； gave them a fresh instance of his generosity； and
commanded his soldiers to quit the camp merely with their arms；
leaving their tents； full of corn and other stores； as a gift to the
Romans。 Hence； even down to our time； when there is a public sale of
goods； they cry Porsenna's first； by way of perpetual commemoration of
his kindness。 There stood also； by the senate…house； a brazen statue
of him； of plain and antique workmanship。
Afterwards； the Sabines； making incursions upon the Romans； Marc