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amp gas generated by the putrefying of vegetable matter in the warm damp earth。
〃Here dwell the demons of Adair； who are in perpetual war with those of Muren；〃 explained the Mongol。
〃Indeed；〃 I thought； 〃if in prosaic Europe in our days the inhabitants of our villages believe these flames to be some wild sorcery； then surely in the land of mystery they must be at least the evidences of war between the demons of two neighboring rivers！〃
After passing this swamp we made out far ahead of us a large monastery。 Though this was some half mile off the road； the Gorokoffs said they would ride over to it to make some purchases in the Chinese shops there。 They quickly rode away； promising to overtake us shortly； but we did not see them again for a while。 They slipped away without leaving any trail but we met them later in very unexpected circumstances of fatal portent for them。 On our part we were highly satisfied that we were rid of them so soon and； after they were gone； I imparted to my friend the information gleaned from Bobroff the evening before。
CHAPTER XXIII
ON A VOLCANO
The following evening we arrived at Khathyl； a small Russian settlement of ten scattered houses in the valley of the Egingol or Yaga； which here takes its waters from the Kosogol half a mile above the village。 The Kosogol is a huge Alpine lake； deep and cold； eighty…five miles in length and from ten to thirty in width。 On the western shore live the Darkhat Soyots； who call it Hubsugul； the Mongols； Kosogol。 Both the Soyots and Mongols consider this a terrible and sacred lake。 It is very easy to understand this prejudice because the lake lies in a region of present volcanic activity； where in the summer on perfectly calm sunny days it sometimes lashes itself into great waves that are dangerous not only to the native fishing boats but also to the large Russian passenger steamers that ply on the lake。 In winter also it sometimes entirely breaks up its covering of ice and gives off great clouds of steam。 Evidently the bottom of the lake is sporadically pierced by discharging hot springs or； perhaps； by streams of lava。 Evidence of some great underground convulsion like this is afforded by the mass of killed fish which at times dams the outlet river in its shallow places。 The lake is exceedingly rich in fish； chiefly varieties of trout and salmon； and is famous for its wonderful 〃white fish；〃 which was previously sent all over Siberia and even down into Manchuria so far as Moukden。 It is fat and remarkably tender and produces fine caviar。 Another variety in the lake is the white khayrus or trout； which in the migration season； contrary to the customs of most fish； goes down stream into the Yaga； where it sometimes fills the river from bank to bank with swarms of backs breaking the surface of the water。 However； this fish is not caught； because it is infested with worms and is unfit for food。 Even cats and dogs will not touch it。 This is a very interesting phemonenon and was being investigated and studied by Professor Dorogostaisky of the University at Irkutsk when the coming of the Bolsheviki interrupted his work。
In Khathyl we found a panic。 The Russian detachment of Colonel Kazagrandi； after having twice defeated the Bolsheviki and well on its march against Irkutsk； was suddenly rendered impotent and scattered through internal strife among the officers。 The Bolsheviki took advantage of this situation； increased their forces to one thousand men and began a forward movement to recover what they had lost； while the remnants of Colonel Kazagrandi's detachment were retreating on Khathyl； where he determined to make his last stand against the Reds。 The inhabitants were loading their movable property with their families into carts and scurrying away from the town； leaving all their cattle and horses to whomsoever should have the power to seize and hold them。 One party intended to hide in the dense larch forest and the mountain ravines not far away； while another party made southward for Muren Kure and Uliassutai。 The morning following our arrival the Mongol official received word that the Red troops had outflanked Colonel Kazagrandi's men and were approaching Khathyl。 The Mongol loaded his documents and his servants on eleven camels and left his yamen。 Our Mongol guides； without ever saying a word to us； secretly slipped off with him and left us without camels。 Our situation thus became desperate。 We hastened to the colonists who had not yet got away to bargain with them for camels； but they had previously； in anticipation of trouble； sent their herds to distant Mongols and so could do nothing to help us。 Then we betook ourselves to Dr。 V。 G。 Gay； a veterinarian living in the town； famous throughout Mongolia for his battle against rinderpest。 He lived here with his family and after being forced to give up his government work became a cattle dealer。 He was a most interesting person； clever and energetic； and the one who had been appointed under the Czarist regime to purchase all the meat supplies from Mongolia for the Russian Army on the German Front。 He organized a huge enterprise in Mongolia but when the Bolsheviki seized power in 1917 he transferred his allegiance and began to work with them。 Then in May； 1918； when the Kolchak forces drove the Bolsheviki out of Siberia； he was arrested and taken for trial。 However； he was released because he was looked upon as the single individual to organize this big Mongolian enterprise and he handed to Admiral Kolchak all the supplies of meat and the silver formerly received from the Soviet commissars。 At this time Gay had been serving as the chief organizer and supplier of the forces of Kazagrandi。
When we went to him； he at once suggested that we take the only thing left； some poor； broken…down horses which would be able to carry us the sixty miles to Muren Kure； where we could secure camels to return to Uliassutai。 However； even these were being kept some distance from the town so that we should have to spend the night there； the night in which the Red troops were expected to arrive。 Also we were much astonished to see that Gay was remaining there with his family right up to the time of the expected arrival of the Reds。 The only others in the town were a few Cossacks； who had been ordered to stay behind to watch the movements of the Red troops。 The night came。 My friend and I were prepared either to fight or； in the last event； to commit suicide。 We stayed in a small house near the Yaga； where some workmen were living who could not； and did not feel it necessary to； leave。 They went up on a hill from which they could scan the whole country up to the range from behind which the Red detachment must appear。 From this vantage point in the forest one of the workmen came running in and cried out：
〃Woe； woe to us！ The Reds have arrived。 A horseman is galloping fast through the forest road。 I called to him but he did not answer me。 It was dark but I knew the horse was a strange one。〃
〃Do not babble so；〃 said another of the workmen。 〃Some Mongol rode by and you jumped to the conclusion that he was a Red。〃
〃No； it was not a Mongol；〃 he replied。 〃The horse was shod。 I heard the sound of iron shoes on the road。 Woe to us！〃
〃Well；〃 said my friend； 〃it seems that this is our finish。 It is a silly way for it all to end。〃
He was right。 Just then there was a knock at our door but it was that of the Mongol bringing us three horses for our escape。 Immediately we saddled them； packed the third beast with our tent and food and rode off at once to take leave of Gay。
In his house we found the whole war council。 Two or three colonists and several Cossacks had galloped from the mountains and announced that the Red detachment was approaching Khathyl but would remain for the night in the forest； where they were building campfires。 In fact； through the house windows we could see the glare of the fires。 It seemed very strange that the enemy should await the morning there in the forest when they were right on the village they wished to capture。
An armed Cossack entered the room and announced that two armed men from the detachment were approaching。 All the men in the room pricked up their ears。 Outside were heard the horses' hoofs followed by men's voices and a knock at the door。
〃Come in；〃 said Gay。
Two young men entered； their moustaches and beards white and their cheeks blazing red from the cold。 They were dressed in the common Siberian overcoat with the big Astrakhan caps； but they had no weapons。 Questions began。 It developed that it was a detachment of White peasants from the Irkutsk and Yakutsk districts who had been fighting with the Bolsheviki。 They had been defeated somewhere in the vicinity of Irkutsk and were now trying to make a junction with Kazagrandi。 The leader of this band was a socialist； Captain Vassilieff； who had suffered much under the Czar because of his tenets。
Our troubles had vanished but we decided to start immediately to Muren Kure； as we had gathered our information and were in a hurry to make our report。 We started。 On the road we overtook three Cossacks who were going out to bring back the colonists who were fleeing to the so