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tuated the two towns of Prescott； on the south； and Waitesburg； on the north。 Their journal says：
〃We had scarcely encamped when three young men came up from the Wollawollah village； with a steel…trap which had inadvertently been left behind； and which they had come a whole day's journey in order to restore。 This act of integrity was the more pleasing； because； though very rare among Indians； it corresponded perfectly with the general behavior of the Wollawollahs； among whom we had lost carelessly several knives； which were always returned as soon as found。 We may； indeed； justly affirm； that of all the Indians whom we had met since leaving the United States； the Wollawollahs were the most hospitable； honest； and sincere。〃
Chapter XXI
Overland east of the Columbia
It was now early in May； and the expedition； travelling eastward along Touchet Creek； were in the country of their friends； the Chopunnish。 On the third； they were agreeably surprised to meet Weahkootnut； whom they had named Bighorn from the fact that be wore a born of that animal suspended from his left arm。 This man was the first chief of a large band of Chopunnish； and when the expedition passed that way； on their path to the Pacific； the last autumn； he was very obliging and useful to them； guiding them down the Snake； or Lewis River。 He had now heard that the white men were on their return； and he had come over across the hills to meet them。 As we may suppose； the meeting was very cordial； and Weahkootnut turned back with his white friends and accompanied them to the mouth of the Kooskooskee； a stream of which our readers have heard before； it is now known as the Clearwater。
Captain Lewis told Weahkootnut that his people were hungry； their slender stock of provisions being about exhausted。 The chief told them that they would soon come to a Chopunnish house where they could get food。 But the journal has this entry：
〃We found the house which Weahkootnut had mentioned； where we halted for breakfast。 It contained six families； so miserably poor that all we could obtain from them were two lean dogs and a few large cakes of half…cured bread； made of a root resembling the sweet potato； of all which we contrived to form a kind of soup。 The soil of the plain is good； but it has no timber。 The range of southwest mountains is about fifteen miles above us； but continues to lower； and is still covered with snow to its base。 After giving passage to Lewis' ＇Snake＇ River； near their northeastern extremity； they terminate in a high level plain between that river and the Kooskooskee。 The salmon not having yet called them to the rivers； the greater part of the Chopunnish are now dispersed in villages through this plain； for the purpose of collecting quamash and cows； which here grow in great abundance； the soil being extremely fertile； in many places covered with long…leaved pine； larch； and balsam…fir； which contribute to render it less thirsty than the open； unsheltered plains。〃
By the word 〃cows；〃 in this sentence； we must understand that the story…teller meant cowas； a root eaten by the Indians and white explorers in that distant region。 It is a knobbed； irregular root； and when cooked resembles the ginseng。 At this place the party met some of the Indians whom Captain Clark had treated for slight diseases； when they passed that way； the previous autumn。 They bad sounded the praises of the white men and their medicine； and others were now waiting to be treated in the same manner。 The Indians were glad to pay for their treatment； and the white men were not sorry to find this easy method of adding to their stock of food； which was very scanty at this time。 The journal sagely adds； 〃We cautiously abstain from giving them any but harmless medicines； and as we cannot possibly do harm； our prescriptions； though unsanctioned by the faculty； may be useful； and are entitled to some remuneration。〃 Very famous and accomplished doctors might say the same thing of their practice。 But the explorers did not meet with pleasant acquaintances only； in the very next entry is recorded this disagreeable incident：
〃Four miles beyond this house we came to another large one； containing ten families； where we halted and made our dinner on two dogs and a small quantity of roots； which we did not procure without much difficulty。 Whilst we were eating； an Indian standing by； looking with great derision at our eating dogs； threw a poor half…starved puppy almost into Captain Lewis' plate； laughing heartily at the humor of it。 Captain Lewis took up the animal and flung it with great force into the fellow's face； and seizing his tomahawk； threatened to cut him down if he dared to repeat such insolence。 He immediately withdrew； apparently much mortified； and we continued our repast of dog very quietly。 Here we met our old Chopunnish guide； with his family； and soon afterward one of our horses； which had been separated from the rest in charge of Twisted…hair； and had been in this neighborhood for several weeks； was caught and restored to us。〃
Later in that day the party came to a Chopunnish house which was one hundred and fifty…six feet long and fifteen feet wide。 Thirty families were living in this big house； each family having its fire by itself burning on the earthen floor； along through the middle of the great structure。 The journal says：
〃We arrived very hungry and weary； but could not purchase any provisions； except a small quantity of the roots and bread of the cows。 They had； however； heard of our medical skill； and made many applications for assistance； but we refused to do anything unless they gave us either dogs or horses to eat。 We soon had nearly fifty patients。 A chief brought his wife with an abscess on her back； and promised to furnish us with a horse to…morrow if we would relieve her。 Captain Clark； therefore； opened the abscess； introduced a tent； and dressed it with basilicon。 We also prepared and distributed some doses of flour of sulphur and cream of tartar； with directions for its use。 For these we obtained several dogs； but too poor for use； and therefore postponed our medical operations till the morning。 In the mean time a number of Indians； besides the residents of the village； gathered about us or camped in the woody bottom of the creek。〃
It will be recollected that when the expedition was in this region （on the Kooskooskee）； during the previous September； on their way westward； they left their horses with Chief Twisted…hair； travelling overland from that point。 They were now looking for that chief； and the journal says：
〃About two o'clock we collected our horses and set out； accompanied by Weahkoonut； with ten or twelve men and a man who said he was the brother of Twisted…hair。 At four miles we came to a single house of three families； but could not procure provisions of any kind； and five miles further we halted for the night near another house； built like the rest； of sticks； mats； and dried hay； and containing six families。 It was now so difficult to procure anything to eat that our chief dependence was on the horse which we received yesterday for medicine； but to our great disappointment he broke the rope by which be was confined； made his escape； and left us supperless in the rain。〃
Next day they met an Indian who brought them two canisters of powder； which they at once knew to be some of that which they had buried last autumn。 The Indian said that his dog had dug it up in the meadow by the river； and he had restored it to its rightful owners。 As a reward for his honesty； the captains gave him a flint and steel for striking fire； and they regretted that their own poverty prevented them from being more liberal to the man。
They observed that the Rocky Mountains； now in full sight； were still covered with snow； and the prospect of crossing them was not very rosy。 Their Chopunnish guide told them that it would be impossible to cross the mountains before the next full moon； which would be about the first of June。 The journal adds： 〃To us； who are desirous of reaching the plains of the Missouri if for no other reason； for the purpose of enjoying a good meal this intelligence was by no means welcome； and gave no relish to the remainder of the horse killed at Colter's Creek； which formed our supper； as part of which had already been our dinner。〃 Next day； accordingly； the hunters turned out early in the morning； and before noon returned with four deer and a duck； which； with the remains of horse…beef on hand； gave them a much more plentiful stock of provisions than had lately fallen to their lot。 During the previous winter； they were told； the Indians suffered very much for lack of food； game of all sorts being scarce。 They were forced to boil and eat the moss growing on the trees； and they cut down the pine…trees for the sake of the small nut to be found in the pine…cones。 Here they were met by an old friend； Neeshnepahkeeook and the Shoshonee； who had acted as interpreter for them。 The journal says：
〃We gave Neeshnepahkeeook and his people some of our game and horse…beef； besides the entrails of the deer； and four fawns which we found inside of two of them。 They did not eat any of them perfectly raw； but the entrails had very little