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eir fill。 。 。 。 〃How can we ever begin over again？〃 said White； and sat for a long time staring gloomily into the fire； forgetting forgetting； forgetting too that men who are tired and weary die； and that new men are born to succeed them。 。 。 。 〃We have to begin over again；〃 said White at last； and took up Benham's papers where he had laid them down。 。 。 。
9
One considerable section of Benham's treatment of the Fourth Limitation was devoted to what he called the Prejudices of Social Position。 This section alone was manifestly expanding into a large treatise upon the psychology of economic organization。 。 。 。 It was only very slowly that he had come to realize the important part played by economic and class hostilities in the disordering of human affairs。 This was a very natural result of his peculiar social circumstances。 Most people born to wealth and ease take the established industrial system as the natural method in human affairs； it is only very reluctantly and by real feats of sympathy and disinterestedness that they can be brought to realize that it is natural only in the sense that it has grown up and come about； and necessary only because nobody is strong and clever enough to rearrange it。 Their experience of it is a satisfactory experience。 On the other hand； the better off one is； the wider is one's outlook and the more alert one is to see the risks and dangers of international dissensions。 Travel and talk to foreigners open one's eyes to aggressive possibilities； history and its warnings become conceivable。 It is in the nature of things that socialists and labour parties should minimize international obligations and necessities； and equally so that autocracies and aristocracies and plutocracies should be negligent of and impatient about social reform。 But Benham did come to realize this broader conflict between worker and director； between poor man and possessor； between resentful humanity and enterprise； between unwilling toil and unearned opportunity。 It is a far profounder and subtler conflict than any other in human affairs。 〃I can foresee a time；〃 he wrote； 〃when the greater national and racial hatreds may all be so weakened as to be no longer a considerable source of human limitation and misery； when the suspicions of complexion and language and social habit are allayed； and when the element of hatred and aggression may be clean washed out of most religious cults； but I do not begin to imagine a time； because I cannot imagine a method； when there will not be great friction between those who employ； those who direct collective action； and those whose part it is to be the rank and file in industrialism。 This； I know； is a limitation upon my confidence due very largely to the restricted nature of my knowledge of this sort of organization。 Very probably resentment and suspicion in the mass and self…seeking and dishonesty in the fortunate few are not so deeply seated； so necessary as they seem to be； and if men can be cheerfully obedient and modestly directive in war time； there is no reason why ultimately they should not be so in the business of peace。 But I do not understand the elements of the methods by which this state of affairs can be brought about。 〃If I were to confess this much to an intelligent working man I know that at once he would answer ‘Socialism；' but Socialism is no more a solution of this problem than eating is a solution when one is lost in the wilderness and hungry。 Of course everybody with any intelligence wants Socialism； everybody； that is to say； wants to see all human efforts directed to the common good and a common end； but brought face to face with practical problems Socialism betrays a vast insufficiency of practical suggestions。 I do not say that Socialism would not work； but I do say that so far Socialists have failed to convince me that they could work it。 The substitution of a stupid official for a greedy proprietor may mean a vanished dividend； a limited output and no other human advantage whatever。 Socialism is in itself a mere eloquent gesture； inspiring； encouraging； perhaps； but beyond that not very helpful； towards the vast problem of moral and material adjustment before the race。 That problem is incurably miscellaneous and intricate； and only by great multitudes of generous workers； one working at this point and one at that； secretly devoted knights of humanity； hidden and dispersed kings； unaware of one another； doubting each his right to count himself among those who do these kingly services； is this elaborate rightening of work and guidance to be done。〃 So from these most fundamental social difficulties he came back to his panacea。 All paths and all enquiries led him back to his conception of aristocracy； conscious； self…disciplined； devoted； self…examining yet secret； making no personal nor class pretences； as the supreme need not only of the individual but the world。
10
It was the Labour trouble in the Transvaal which had brought the two schoolfellows together again。 White had been on his way to Zimbabwe。 An emotional disturbance of unusual intensity had driven him to seek consolations in strange scenery and mysterious desolations。 It was as if Zimbabwe called to him。 Benham had come to South Africa to see into the question of Indian immigration； and he was now on his way to meet Amanda in London。 Neither man had given much heed to the gathering social conflict on the Rand until the storm burst about them。 There had been a few paragraphs in the papers about a dispute upon a point of labour etiquette； a question of the recognition of Trade Union officials； a thing that impressed them both as technical； and then suddenly a long incubated quarrel flared out in rioting and violence； the burning of houses and furniture； attacks on mines； attempts to dynamite trains。 White stayed in Johannesburg because he did not want to be stranded up country by the railway strike that was among the possibilities of the situation。 Benham stayed because he was going to London very reluctantly； and he was glad of this justification for a few days' delay。 The two men found themselves occupying adjacent tables in the Sherborough Hotel； and White was the first to recognize the other。 They came together with a warmth and readiness of intimacy that neither would have displayed in London。 White had not seen Benham since the social days of Amanda at Lancaster Gate； and he was astonished at the change a few years had made in him。 The peculiar contrast of his pallor and his dark hair had become more marked； his skin was deader； his features seemed more prominent and his expression intenser。 His eyes were very bright and more sunken under his brows。 He had suffered from yellow fever in the West Indies； and these it seemed were the marks left by that illness。 And he was much more detached from the people about him； less attentive to the small incidents of life； more occupied with inner things。 He greeted White with a confidence that White was one day to remember as pathetic。 〃It is good to meet an old friend；〃 Benham said。 〃I have lost friends。 And I do not make fresh ones。 I go about too much by myself； and I do not follow the same tracks that other people are following。 。 。 。〃 What track was he following？ It was now that White first heard of the Research Magnificent。 He wanted to know what Benham was doing； and Benham after some partial and unsatisfactory explanation of his interest in insurgent Hindoos； embarked upon larger expositions。 〃It is； of course； a part of something else；〃 he amplified。 He was writing a book； 〃an enormous sort of book。〃 He laughed with a touch of shyness。 It was about 〃everything；〃 about how to live and how not to live。 And 〃aristocracy； and all sorts of things。〃 White was always curious about other people's books。 Benham became earnest and more explicit under encouragement； and to talk about his book was soon to talk about himself。 In various ways； intentionally and inadvertently； he told White much。 These chance encounters； these intimacies of the train and hotel； will lead men at times to a stark frankness of statement they would never permit themselves with habitual friends。 About the Johannesburg labour trouble they talked very little； considering how insistent it was becoming。 But the wide propositions of the Research Magnificent； with its large indifference to immediate occurrences； its vast patience； its tremendous expectations； contrasted very sharply in White's memory with the bitterness； narrowness and resentment of the events about them。 For him the thought of that first discussion of this vast inchoate book into which Benham's life was flowering； and which he was ultimately to summarize； trailed with it a fringe of vivid little pictures； pictures of crowds of men hurrying on bicycles and afoot under a lowering twilight sky towards murmuring centres of disorder； of startling flares seen suddenly afar off； of the muffled galloping of troops through the broad dusty street in the night； of groups of men standing and watching down straight broad roads； roads that ended in groups of chimneys and squat buildings of corrugated iron。 And once there was a marching body of white men in the foreground and a complicated wire f