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the defense of the Mississippi River the equivalent of a corps of twenty thousand men； to be used in the next Georgia campaign； and this was actually done。 At the same time； I wanted to destroy General Forrest； who； with an irregular force of cavalry； was constantly threatening Memphis and the river above； as well as our routes of supply in Middle Tennessee。 In this we failed utterly； because General W。 Sooy Smith did not fulfill his orders； which were clear and specific； as contained in my letter of instructions to him of January 27th； at Memphis； and my personal explanations to him at the same time。 Instead of starting at the date ordered； February 1st； he did not leave Memphis till the 11th； waiting for Warings brigade that was ice…bound near Columbus； Kentucky； and then； when he did start； he allowed General Forrest to head him off and to defeat him with an inferior force； near West Point； below Okalona； on the Mobile & Ohio Railroad。
We waited at Meridian till the 20th to hear from General Smith； but hearing nothing whatever； and having utterly destroyed the railroads in and around that junction； I ordered General McPherson to move back slowly toward Canton。 With Winslow's cavalry； and Hurlbut's infantry； I turned north to Marion； and thence to a place called 〃Union；〃 whence I dispatched the cavalry farther north to Philadelphia and Louisville； to feel as it were for General Smith； and then turned all the infantry columna toward Canton； Mississippi。 On the 26th we all reached Canton； but we had not heard a word of General Smith； nor was it until some time after （at Vicksburg） that I learned the whole truth of General Smith's movement and of his failure。 Of course I did not and could not approve of his conduct； and I know that he yet chafes under the censure。 I had set so much store on his part of the project that I was disappointed； and so reported officially to General Grant。 General Smith never regained my confidence as a soldier； though I still regard him as a most accomplished gentleman and a skillful engineer。 Since the close of the war he has appealed to me to relieve him of that censure； but I could not do it； because it would falsify history。
Having assembled all my troops in and about Canton； on the 27th of February I left them under the command of the senior major…general； Hurlbut； with orders to remain till about the 3d of March； and then to come into Vicksburg leisurely； and； escorted by Winslow's cavalry； I rode into Vicksburg on the last day of February。 There I found letters from General Grant； at Nashville； and General Banks； at New Orleans； concerning his （General Banks's） projected movement up Red River。 I was authorized by the former to contribute aid to General Banks for a limited time； but General Grant insisted on my returning in person to my own command about Huntsville； Alabama； as soon as possible； to prepare for the spring campaign。
About this time we were much embarrassed by a general order of the War Department； promising a thirty…days furlough to all soldiers who would 〃veteranize 〃viz。； reenlist for the rest of the war。 This was a judicious and wise measure； because it doubtless secured the services of a very large portion of the men who had almost completed a three…years enlistment； and were therefore veteran soldiers in feeling and in habit。 But to furlough so many of our men at that instant of time was like disbanding an army in the very midst of battle。
In order to come to a perfect understanding with General Banks； I took the steamer Diana and ran down to New Orleans to see him。 Among the many letters which I found in Vicksburg on my return from Meridian was one from Captain D。 F。 Boyd； of Louisiana； written from the jail in Natchez； telling me that he was a prisoner of war in our hands； had been captured in Louisiana by some of our scouts； and he bespoke my friendly assistance。 Boyd was Professor of Ancient Languages at the Louisiana Seminary of Learning during my administration； in 1859…'60； was an accomplished scholar； of moderate views in politics； but； being a Virginian； was drawn； like all others of his kind； into the vortex of the rebellion by the events of 1861； which broke up colleges and every thing at the South。 Natchez； at this time； was in my command； and was held by a strong division； commanded by Brigadier…General J。 W。 Davidson。 In the Diana we stopped at Natchez； and I made a hasty inspection of the place。 I sent for Boyd； who was in good health； but quite dirty； and begged me to take him out of prison； and to effect his exchange。 I receipted for him； took him along with me to New Orleans； offered him money； which he declined； allowed him to go free in the city； and obtained from General Banks a promise to effect his exchange； which was afterward done。 Boyd is now my legitimate successor in Louisiana； viz。； President of the Louisiana University； which is the present title of what had been the Seminary of Learning。 After the war was over； Boyd went back to Alexandria； reorganized the old institution； which I visited in 1866 but the building was burnt down by an accident or by an incendiary about 1868； and the institution was then removed to Baton Rouge； where it now is； under its new title of the University of Louisiana。
We reached New Orleans on the 2d of March。 I found General Banks； with his wife and daughter； living in a good house； and he explained to me fully the position and strength of his troops； and his plans of action for the approaching campaign。 I dined with him； and； rough as I wasjust out of the woodsattended； that night； a very pleasant party at the house of a lady； whose name I cannot recall； but who is now the wife of Captain Arnold； Fifth United States Artillery。 At this party were also Mr。 and Mrs。 Frank Howe。 I found New Orleans mach changed since I had been familiar with it in 1853 and in 1860…'61。 It was full of officers and soldiers。 Among the former were General T。 W。 Sherman； who had lost a leg at Port Hudson； and General Charles P： Stone； whom I knew so well in California； and who is now in the Egyptian service as chief of staff。 The bulk of General Banks's army was about Opelousas； under command of General Franklin； ready to move on Alexandria。 General Banks seemed to be all ready； but intended to delay his departure a few days to assist in the inauguration of a civil government for Louisiana； under Governor Hahn。 In Lafayette Square I saw the arrangements of scaffolding for the fireworks and benches for the audience。 General Banks urged me to remain over the 4th of March； to participate in the ceremonies； which he explained would include the performance of the 〃Anvil Chorus〃 by all the bands of his army； and during the performance the church…bells were to be rung； and cannons were to be fired by electricity。 I regarded all such ceremonies as out of place at a time when it seemed to me every hour and every minute were due to the war。 General Banks's movement； however； contemplated my sending a force of ten thousand men in boats up Red River from Vicksburg； and that a junction should occur at Alexandria by March 17th。 I therefore had no time to wait for the grand pageant of the 4th of March； but took my departure from New Orleans in the Diana the evening of March 3d。
On the next day； March 4th； I wrote to General Banks a letter； which was extremely minute in conveying to him how far I felt authorized to go under my orders from General Grant。 At that time General Grant commanded the Military Division of the Mississippi； embracing my own Department of the Tennessee and that of General Steele in Arkansas； but not that of General Banks in Louisiana。 General Banks was acting on his own powers； or under the instructions of General Halleck in Washington； and our； assistance to him was designed as a loan of ten thousand men for a period of thirty days。 The instructions of March 6th to General A。 J。 Smith； who commanded this detachment； were full and explicit on this point。 The Diana reached Vicksburg on the 6th； where I found that the expeditionary army had come in from Canton。 One division of five thousand men was made up out of Hurlbut's command； and placed under Brigadier…General T。 Kilby Smith； and a similar division was made out of McPherson's and Hurlbut's troops； and placed under Brigadier…General Joseph A。 Mower； the whole commanded by Brigadier…General A。 J。 Smith。 General Hurlbut； with the rest of his command； returned to Memphis； and General McPherson remained at Vicksburg。 General A。 J。 Smith's command was in due season embarked； and proceeded to Red River； which it ascended； convoyed by Admiral Porter's fleet。 General Mower's division was landed near the outlet of the Atchafalaya； marched up by land and captured the fort below Alexandria known as Fort De Russy； and the whole fleet then proceeded up to Alexandria； reaching it on the day appointed； viz。； March 17th； where it waited for the arrival of General Banks； who； however； did not come till some days after。 These two divisions participated in the whole of General Banks's unfortunate Red River expedition； and were delayed so long up Red River； and subsequently on the Mississippi； that they did not share with their comrades the successes and