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three； under Colonel Stevenson； at Monterey； and three； under Lieutenant…Colonel Burton； at Santa Barbara。 One day I was down at the headquarters at Larkin's horse； when General Kearney remarked to me that he was going down to Los Angeles in the ship Lexington； and wanted me to go along as his aide。 Of course this was most agreeable to me。 Two of Stevenson's companies； with the headquarters and the colonel； were to go also。 They embarked； and early in May we sailed for San Pedro。 Before embarking； the United States line…of…battle…ship Columbus had reached the coast from China with Commodore Biddle； whose rank gave him the supreme command of the navy on the coast。 He was busy in calling in〃lassooing 〃from the land…service the various naval officers who under Stockton had been doing all sorts of military and civil service on shore。 Knowing that I was to go down the coast with General Kearney； he sent for me and handed me two unsealed parcels addressed to Lieutenant Wilson； United States Navy； and Major Gillespie； United States Marines； at Los Angeles。 These were written orders pretty much in these words： 〃On receipt of this order you will repair at once on board the United States ship Lexington at San Pedro； and on reaching Monterey you will report to the undersigned。…JAMES BIDDLE。〃 Of course； I executed my part to the letter； and these officers were duly 〃lassooed。〃 We sailed down the coast with a fair wind； and anchored inside the kelp； abreast of Johnson's house。 Messages were forthwith dispatched up to Los Angeles； twenty miles off； and preparations for horses made for us to ride up。 We landed； and； as Kearney held to my arm in ascending the steep path up the bluff； he remarked to himself； rather than to me； that it was strange that Fremont did not want to return north by the Lexington on account of sea…sickness； but preferred to go by land over five hundred miles。 The younger officers had been discussing what the general would do with Fremont； who was supposed to be in a state of mutiny。 Some； thought he would be tried and shot； some that he would be carried back in irons； and all agreed that if any one else than Fremont had put on such airs； and had acted as he had done； Kearney would have shown him no mercy； for he was regarded as the strictest sort of a disciplinarian。 We had a pleasant ride across the plain which lies between the seashore and Los Angeles； which we reached in about three hours； the infantry following on foot。 We found Colonel P。 St。 George Cooke living at the house of a Mr。 Pryor； and the company of dragoons； with A。 J。 Smith； Davidson； Stoneman； and Dr。 Griffin； quartered in an adobe…house close by。 Fremont held his court in the only two…story frame…house in the place。 After sometime spent at Pryor's house； General Kearney ordered me to call on Fremont to notify him of his arrival； and that he desired to see him。 I walked round to the house which had been pointed out to me as his； inquired of a man at the door if the colonel was in； was answered 〃Yea；〃 and was conducted to a large room on the second floor； where very soon Fremont came in； and I delivered my message。 As I was on the point of leaving； he inquired where I was going to； and I answered that I was going back to Pryor's house； where the general was； when he remarked that if I would wait a moment he would go along。 Of course I waited； and he soon joined me； dressed much as a Californian； with the peculiar high； broad…brimmed hat； with a fancy cord； and we walked together back to Pryor's； where I left him with General Kearney。 We spent several days very pleasantly at Los Angeles； then； as now； the chief pueblo of the south； famous for its grapes； fruits； and wines。 There was a hill close to the town； from which we had a perfect view of the place。 The surrounding country is level； utterly devoid of trees； except the willows and cotton…woods that line the Los Angeles Creek and the acequias； or ditches； which lead from it。 The space of ground cultivated in vineyards seemed about five miles by one； embracing the town。 Every house had its inclosure of vineyard； which resembled a miniature orchard； the vines being very old； ranged in rows； trimmed very close； with irrigating ditches so arranged that a stream of water could be diverted between each row of vines。 The Los Angeles and San Gabriel Rivers are fed by melting snows from a range of mountains to the east； and the quantity of cultivated land depends upon the amount of water。 This did not seem to be very large； but the San Gabriel River； close by； was represented to contain a larger volume of water； affording the means of greatly enlarging the space for cultivation。 The climate was so moderate that oranges； figs； pomegranates； etc。。。。 were generally to be found in every yard or inclosure。
At the time of our visit； General Kearney was making his preparations to return overland to the United States； and he arranged to secure a volunteer escort out of the battalion of Mormons that was then stationed at San Luis Rey； under Colonel Cooke and a Major Hunt。 This battalion was only enlisted for one year； and the time for their discharge was approaching； and it was generally understood that the majority of the men wanted to be discharged so as to join the Mormons who had halted at Salt Lake； but a lieutenant and about forty men volunteered to return to Missouri as the escort of General Kearney。 These were mounted on mules and horses； and I was appointed to conduct them to Monterey by land。 Leaving the party at Los Angeles to follow by sea in the Lexington； I started with the Mormon detachment and traveled by land。 We averaged about thirty miles a day； stopped one day at Santa Barbara； where I saw Colonel Burton； and so on by the usually traveled road to Monterey； reaching it in about fifteen days； arriving some days in advance of the Lexington。 This gave me the best kind of an opportunity for seeing the country； which was very sparsely populated indeed； except by a few families at the various Missions。 We had no wheeled vehicles； but packed our food and clothing on mules driven ahead； and we slept on the ground in the open air； the rainy season having passed。 Fremont followed me by land in a few days； and； by the end of May； General Kearney was all ready at Monterey to take his departure； leaving to succeed him in command Colonel R。 B。 Mason； First Dragoons。 Our Captain （Tompkins）； too； had become discontented at his separation from his family； tendered his resignation to General Kearney； and availed himself of a sailing…vessel bound for Callao to reach the East。 Colonel Mason selected me as his adjutant…general； and on the very last day of May General Kearney； with his Mormon escort； with Colonel Cooke； Colonel Swords （quartermaster）； Captain Turner； and a naval officer； Captain Radford； took his departure for the East overland； leaving us in full possession of California and its fate。 Fremont also left California with General Kearney； and with him departed all cause of confusion and disorder in the country。 From that time forth no one could dispute the authority of Colonel Mason as in command of all the United States forces on shore； while the senior naval officer had a like control afloat。 This was Commodore James Biddle； who had reached the station from China in the Columbus； and he in turn was succeeded by Commodore T。 Ap Catesby Jones in the line…of…battle…ship Ohio。 At that time Monterey was our headquarters； and the naval commander for a time remained there； but subsequently San Francisco Bay became the chief naval rendezvous。
Colonel R。 B。 Mason； First Dragoons； was an officer of great experience； of stern character； deemed by some harsh and severe； but in all my intercourse with him he was kind and agreeable。 He had a large fund of good sense； and； during our long period of service together； I enjoyed his unlimited confidence。 He had been in his day a splendid shot and hunter； and often entertained me with characteristic anecdotes of Taylor； Twiggs； Worth； Harvey； Martin Scott； etc。； etc； who were then in Mexico； gaining a national fame。 California had settled down to a condition of absolute repose； and we naturally repined at our fate in being so remote from the war in Mexico； where our comrades were reaping large honors。 Mason dwelt in a house not far from the Custom… House； with Captain Lanman； United States Navy； I had a small adobe…house back of Larkin's。 Halleck and Dr。 Murray had a small log…house not far off。 The company of artillery was still on the hill； under the command of Lieutenant Ord； engaged in building a fort whereon to mount the guns we had brought out in the Lexington； and also in constructing quarters out of hewn pine…logs for the men。 Lieutenant Minor； a very clever young officer； had taken violently sick and died about the time I got back from Los Angeles； leaving Lieutenants Ord and Loeser alone with the company； with Assistant…Surgeon Robert Murray。 Captain William G。 Marcy was the quartermaster and commissary。 Naglee's company of Stevenson's regiment had been mounted and was sent out against the Indians in the San Joaquin Valley； and Shannon's company occupied the barracks。 Shortly after General Kearney had gone East； we found