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d been Warner's clerk。 We supplied the necessary money； fifteen hundred dollars （five hundred dollars each）； and Bestor carried on the store at Coloma for his share。 Out of this investment； each of us realized a profit of about fifteen hundred dollars。 Warner also got a regular leave of absence； and contracted with Captain Sutter for surveying and locating the town of Sacramento。 He received for this sixteen dollars per day for his services as surveyor； and Sutter paid all the hands engaged in the work。 The town was laid off mostly up about the fort； but a few streets were staked off along the river bank； and one or two leading to it。 Captain Sutter always contended； however； that no town could possibly exist on the immediate bank of the river； because the spring freshets rose over the bank； and frequently it was necessary to swim a horse to reach the boat…landing。 Nevertheless； from the very beginning the town began to be built on the very river…bank； viz。； First； Second； and Third Streets； with J and K Streets leading back。 Among the principal merchants and traders of that winter； at Sacramento； were Sam Brannan and Hensley； Reading & Co。 For several years the site was annually flooded； but the people have persevered in building the levees； and afterward in raising all the streets； so that Sacramento is now a fine city； the capital of the State； and stands where； in 1848； was nothing but a dense mass of bushes； vines； and submerged land。 The old fort has disappeared altogether。
During the fall of 1848； Warner； Ord； and I； camped on the bank of the American River； abreast of the fort； at what was known as the 〃Old Tan…Yard。〃 I was cook； Ord cleaned up the dishes； and Warner looked after the horses； but Ord was deposed as scullion because he would only wipe the tin plates with a tuft of grass； according to the custom of the country； whereas Warner insisted on having them washed after each meal with hot water。 Warner was in consequence promoted to scullion； and Ord became the hostler。 We drew our rations in kind from the commissary at San Francisco； who sent them up to us by a boat； and we were thus enabled to dispense a generous hospitality to many a poor devil who otherwise would have had nothing to eat。
The winter of 1848 '49 was a period of intense activity throughout California。 The rainy season was unfavorable to the operations of gold…mining； and was very hard upon the thousands of houseless men and women who dwelt in the mountains； and even in the towns。 Most of the natives and old inhabitants had returned to their ranches and houses； yet there were not roofs enough in the country to shelter the thousands who had arrived by sea and by land。 The news had gone forth to the whole civilized world that gold in fabulous quantities was to be had for the mere digging； and adventurers came pouring in blindly to seek their fortunes； without a thought of
house or food。 Yerba Buena had been converted into San Francisco。 Sacramento City had been laid out； lots were being rapidly sold； and the town was being built up as an entrepot to the mines。 Stockton also had been chosen as a convenient point for trading with the lower or southern mines。 Captain Sutter was the sole proprietor of the former； and Captain Charles Weber was the owner of the site of Stockton； which was as yet known as 〃French Camp。〃
CHAPTER III。
EARLY RECOLLECTIONS OF CALIFORNIA（CONTINUED）。
1849…1850。
The department headquarters still remained at Monterey； but； with the few soldiers； we had next to nothing to do。 In midwinter we heard of the approach of a battalion of the Second Dragoons； under Major Lawrence Pike Graham； with Captains Rucker； Coutts； Campbell； and others； along。 So exhausted were they by their long march from Upper Mexico that we had to send relief to meet them as they approached。 When this command reached Los Angeles； it was left there as the garrison； and Captain A。 J。 Smith's company of the First Dragoons was brought up to San Francisco。 We were also advised that the Second Infantry； Colonel B。 Riley； would be sent out around Cape Horn in sailing…ships； that the Mounted Rifles； under Lieutenant…Colonel Loring； would march overland to Oregon； and that Brigadier…General Persifer F。 Smith would come out in chief command on the Pacific coast。 It was also known that a contract had been entered into with parties in New York and New Orleans for a monthly line of steamers from those cities to California； via Panama。 Lieutenant…Colonel Burton had come up from Lower California； and； as captain of the Third Artillery； he was assigned to command Company F； Third Artillery； at Monterey。 Captain Warner remained at Sacramento； surveying； and Halleck； Murray； Ord； and I； boarded with Dona Augustias。 The season was unusually rainy and severe； but we passed the time with the usual round of dances and parties。 The time fixed for the arrival of the mail…steamer was understood to be about January 1； 1849； but the day came and went without any tidings of her。 Orders were given to Captain Bur ton to announce her arrival by firing a national salute； and each morning we listened for the guns from the fort。 The month of January passed； and the greater part of February； too。 As was usual； the army officers celebrated the 22d of February with a grand ball； given in the new stone school…house； which Alcalde Walter Colton had built。 It was the largest and best hall then in California。 The ball was really a handsome affair； and we kept it up nearly all night。 The next morning we were at breakfast： present； Dona Augustias； and Manuelita； Halleck； Murray； and myself。 We were dull and stupid enough until a gun from the fort aroused us； then another and another。 〃The steamer〃 exclaimed all； and； without waiting for hats or any thing； off we dashed。 I reached the wharf hatless； but the dona sent my cap after me by a servant。 The white puffs of smoke hung around the fort； mingled with the dense fog； which hid all the water of the bay； and well out to sea could be seen the black spars of some unknown vessel。 At the wharf I found a group of soldiers and a small row…boat； which belonged to a brig at anchor in the bay。 Hastily ordering a couple of willing soldiers to get in and take the oars； and Mr。 Larkin and Mr。 Hartnell asking to go along； we jumped in and pushed off。 Steering our boat toward the spars； which loomed up above the fog clear and distinct； in about a mile we came to the black hull of the strange monster； the long…expected and most welcome ；steamer California。 Her wheels were barely moving； for her pilot could not see the shore…line distinctly； though the hills and Point of Pines could be clearly made out over the fog； and occasionally a glimpse of some white walls showed where the town lay。 A 〃Jacob's ladder〃 was lowered for us from the steamer； and in a minute I scrambled up on deck； followed by Larkin and Hartnell； and we found ourselves in the midst of many old friends。 There was Canby； the adjutant… general； who was to take my place； Charley Hoyt； my cousin； General Persifer F。 Smith and wife； Gibbs； his aide…de…camp； Major Ogden； of the Engineers； and wife； and； indeed； many old Californians； among them Alfred Robinson； and Frank Ward with his pretty bride。 By the time the ship was fairly at anchor we had answered a million of questions about gold and the state of the country； and； learning that the ship was out of fuel； had informed the captain （Marshall） that there was abundance of pine…wood； but no willing hands to cut it； that no man could be hired at less than an ounce of gold a day； unless the soldiers would volunteer to do it for some agreed…upon price。 As for coal； there was not a pound in Monterey； or anywhere else in California。 Vessels with coal were known to be en route around Cape Horn； but none had yet reached California。
The arrival of this steamer was the beginning of a new epoch on the Pacific coast； yet there she lay； helpless； without coal or fuel。 The native Californians； who had never seen a steamship； stood for days on the beach looking at her； with the universal exclamation； 〃Tan feo！〃how ugly！and she was truly ugly when compared with the clean； well…sparred frigates and sloops…of…war that had hitherto been seen on the North Pacific coast。 It was first supposed it would take ten days to get wood enough to prosecute her voyage； and therefore all the passengers who could took up their quarters on shore。 Major Canby relieved me； and took the place I had held so long as adjutant…general of the Department of California。 The time seemed most opportune for me to leave the service； as I had several splendid offers of employment and of partnership； and； accordingly； I made my written resignation； but General Smith put his veto upon it； saying that he was to command the Division of the Pacific； while General Riley was to have the Department of California； and Colonel Loring that of Oregon。 He wanted me as his adjutant…general； because of my familiarity with the country； and knowledge of its then condition： At the time； he had on his staff Gibbs as aide…de…camp； and Fitzgerald as quartermaster。 He also had along with him quite a retinue of servants； hired with a clear contract to serve him