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rectly out on the Saunas Plain。 This plain is about five miles wide； and then the ground becomes somewhat broken。 The trail continued very plain； and I rode on at a gallop to where there was an old adobe…ranch on the left of the road； with the head of a lagoon； or pond； close by。 I saw one or two of the soldiers getting water at the pond； and others up near the house。 I had the best horse and was considerably ahead； but on looking back could see Hill and Davis coming up behind at a gallop。 I motioned to them to hurry forward； and turned my horse across the head of the pond； knowing the ground well； as it was a favorite place for shooting geese and ducks。 Approaching the house； I ordered the men who were outside to go in。 They did not know me personally； and exchanged glances； but I had my musket cocked； and； as the two had seen Davis and Hill coming up pretty fast； they obeyed。 Dismounting； I found the house full of deserters； and there was no escape for them。 They naturally supposed that I had a strong party with me； and when I ordered them to 〃fall in〃 they obeyed from habit。 By the time Hill and Davis came up I had them formed in two ranks； the front rank facing about； and I was taking away their bayonets； pistols； etc。 We disarmed them； destroying a musket and several pistols； and； on counting them； we found that we three had taken eighteen； which； added to the six first captured； made twenty…four。 We made them sling their knapsacks and begin their homeward march。 It was near night when we got back； so that these deserters had traveled nearly forty miles since 〃tattoo〃 of the night before。 The other party had captured three； so that only one man had escaped。 I doubt not this prevented the desertion of the bulk of the Second Infantry that spring； for at that time so demoralizing was the effect of the gold…mines that everybody not in the military service justified desertion； because a soldier； if free； could earn more money in a day than he received per month。 Not only did soldiers and sailors desert； but captains and masters of ships actually abandoned their vessels and cargoes to try their luck at the mines。 Preachers and professors forgot their creeds and took to trade； and even to keeping gambling…horses。 I remember that one of our regular soldiers； named Reese； in deserting stole a favorite double… barreled gun of mine； and when the orderly…sergeant of the company； Carson； was going on furlough； I asked him when he came across Reese to try and get my gun back。 When he returned he told me that he had found Reese and offered him a hundred dollars for my gun； but Reese sent me word that he liked the gun； and would not take a hundred dollars for it。 Soldiers or sailors who could reach the mines were universally shielded by the miners； so that it was next to useless to attempt their recapture。 In due season General Persifer Smith； Gibbs； and I； with some hired packers； started back for San Francisco； and soon after we transferred our headquarters to Sonoma。 About this time Major Joseph Hooker arrived from the Eastthe regular adjutant…general of the divisionrelieved me； and I became thereafter one of General Smith's regular aides…de…camp。
As there was very little to do； General Smith encouraged us to go into any business that would enable us to make money。 R。 P。 Hammond； James Blair； and I； made a contract to survey for Colonel J。 D。 Stevenson his newly…projected city of 〃New York of the Pacific；〃 situated at the month of the San Joaquin River。 The contract embraced； also； the making of soundings and the marking out of a channel through Suisun Bay。 We hired； in San Francisco； a small metallic boat； with a sail； laid in some stores； and proceeded to the United States ship Ohio； anchored at Saucelito； where we borrowed a sailor…boy and lead…lines with which to sound the channel。 We sailed up to Benicia； and； at General Smith's request； we surveyed and marked the line dividing the city of Benicia from the government reserve。 We then sounded the bay back and forth； and staked out the best channel up Suisun Bay； from which Blair made out sailing directions。 We then made the preliminary surveys of the city of 〃New York of the Pacific；〃 all of which were duly plotted； and for this work we each received from Stevenson five hundred dollars and ten or fifteen lots。 I sold enough lots to make up another five hundred dollars； and let the balance go； for the city of 〃New York of the Pacific〃 never came to any thing。 Indeed； cities at the time were being projected by speculators all round the bay and all over the country。
While we were surveying at 〃New York of the Pacific；〃 occurred one of those little events that showed the force of the gold…fever。 We had a sailor…boy with us； about seventeen years old； who cooked our meals and helped work the boat。 Onshore； we had the sail spread so as to shelter us against the wind and dew。 One morning I awoke about daylight； and looked out to see if our sailor…boy was at work getting breakfast； but he was not at the fire at all。 Getting up； I discovered that he had converted a tule…bolsa into a sail boat； and was sailing for the gold…mines。 He was astride this bolsa； with a small parcel of bread and meat done up in a piece of cloth； another piece of cloth； such as we used for making our signal… stations； he had fixed into a sail； and with a paddle he was directing his precarious craft right out into the broad bay； to follow the general direction of the schooners and boats that he knew were ascending the Sacramento River。 He was about a hundred yards from the shore。 I jerked up my gun； and hailed him to come back。 After a moment's hesitation； he let go his sheet and began to paddle back。 This bolsa was nothing but a bundle of tule； or bullrush； bound together with grass…ropes in the shape of a cigar； about ten feet long and about two feet through the butt。 With these the California Indiana cross streams of considerable size。 When he came ashore； I gave him a good overhauling for attempting to desert； and put him to work getting breakfast。 In due time we returned him to his ship； the Ohio。 Subsequently； I made a bargain with Mr。 Hartnell to survey his ranch at Cosnmnes River； Sacramento Valley。 Ord and a young citizen； named Seton； were associated with me in this。 I bought of Rodman M。 Price a surveyor's compass； chain； etc。； and； in San Francisco； a small wagon and harness。 Availing ourselves of a schooner； chartered to carry Major Miller and two companies of the Second Infantry from San Francisco to Stockton； we got up to our destination at little cost。 I recall an occurrence that happened when the schooner was anchored in Carquinez Straits； opposite the soldiers' camp on shore。 We were waiting for daylight and a fair wind； the schooner lay anchored at an ebb…tide； and about daylight Ord and I had gone ashore for something。 Just as we were pulling off from shore； we heard the loud shouts of the men； and saw them all running down toward the water。 Our attention thus drawn； we saw something swimming in the water； and pulled toward it； thinking it a coyote； but we soon recognized a large grizzly bear； swimming directly across the channel。 Not having any weapon； we hurriedly pulled for the schooner； calling out； as we neared it； 〃A bear！ a bear！〃 It so happened that Major Miller was on deck； washing his face and hands。 He ran rapidly to the bow of the vessel； took the musket from the hands of the sentinel； and fired at the bear； as he passed but a short distance ahead of the schooner。 The bear rose； made a growl or howl； but continued his course。 As we scrambled up the port…aide to get our guns； the mate； with a crew； happened to have a boat on the starboard…aide； and； armed only with a hatchet； they pulled up alongside the bear； and the mate struck him in the head with the hatchet。 The bear turned； tried to get into the boat； but the mate struck his claws with repeated blows； and made him let go。 After several passes with him； the mate actually killed the bear； got a rope round him； and towed him alongside the schooner； where he was hoisted on deck。 The carcass weighed over six hundred pounds。 It was found that Major Miller's shot had struck the bear in the lower jaw； and thus disabled him。 Had it not been for this； the bear would certainly have upset the boat and drowned all in it。 As it was； however； his meat served us a good turn in our trip up to Stockton。 At Stockton we disembarked our wagon； provisions； and instruments。 There I bought two fine mules at three hundred dollars each； and we hitched up and started for the Coaumnes River。 About twelve miles off was the Mokelumne； a wide； bold stream； with a canoe as a ferry…boat。 We took our wagon to pieces； and ferried it and its contents across； and then drove our mules into the water。 In crossing； one mule became entangled in the rope of the other； and for a time we thought he was a gone mule； but at last he revived and we hitched up。 The mules were both pack…animals； neither had ever before seen a wagon。 Young Seton also was about as green； and had never handled a mule。 We put on the harness； and began to hitch them in； when one of the mules turned his head； saw the wagon； and started。 We held on