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William Neely Johnson was Governor of California； and resided at Sacramento City； General John E。 Wool commanded the Department of California； having succeeded General Hitcheock； and had his headquarters at Benicia； and a Mr。 Van Ness was mayor of the city。 Politics had become a regular and profitable business； and politicians were more than suspected of being corrupt。 It was reported and currently believed that the sheriff （Scannell） had been required to pay the Democratic Central Committee a hundred thousand dollars for his nomination； which was equivalent to an election； for an office of the nominal salary of twelve thousand dollars a year for four years。 In the election all sorts of dishonesty were charged and believed； especially of 〃ballot…box stuffing；〃 and too generally the better classes avoided the elections and dodged jury…duty； so that the affairs of the city government necessarily passed into the hands of a low set of professional politicians。 Among them was a man named James Casey； who edited a small paper； the printing office of which was in a room on the third floor of our banking。 office。 I hardly knew him by sight； and rarely if ever saw his paper； but one day Mr。 Sather； of the excellent banking firm of Drexel； Sather & Church； came to me； and called my attention to an article in Casey's paper so full of falsehood and malice； that we construed it as an effort to black…mail the banks generally。 At that time we were all laboring to restore confidence； which had been so rudely shaken by the panic； and I went up…stairs； found Casey； and pointed out to him the objectionable nature of his article； told him plainly that I could not tolerate his attempt to print and circulate slanders in our building； and； if he repeated it； I world cause him and his press to be thrown out of the windows。 He took the hint and moved to more friendly quarters。 I mention this fact； to show my estimate of the man； who became a figure in the drama I am about to describe。 James King of Wm。； as before explained； was in 1853 a banker on his own account； but some time in 1854 he had closed out his business； and engaged with Adams & Co。 as cashier。 When this firm failed； he； in common with all the employees； was thrown out of employment； and had to look around for something else。 He settled down to the publication of an evening paper； called the Bulletin； and； being a man of fine manners and address； he at once constituted himself the champion of society against the public and private characters whom he saw fit to arraign。
As might have been expected； this soon brought him into the usual newspaper war with other editors； and especially with Casey； and epithets a la 〃Eatanswill〃 were soon bandying back and forth between them。 One evening of May； 1856； King published； in the Bulletin； copies of papers procured from New York； to show that Casey had once been sentenced to the State penitentiary at Sing Sing。 Casey took mortal offense； and called at the Bulletin office； on the corner of Montgomery and Merchant Streets； where he found King； and violent words passed between them； resulting in Casey giving King notice that he would shoot him on sight。 King remained in his office till about 5 or 6 p。m。； when he started toward his home on Stockton Street； and； as he neared the corner of Washington； Casey approached him from the opposite direction； called to him； and began firing。 King had on a short cloak； and in his breast…pocket a small pistol； which he did not use。 One of Casey's shots struck him high up in the breast； from which he reeled； was caught by some passing friend； and carried into the express…office on the corner； where he was laid on the counter； and a surgeon sent for。 Casey escaped up Washington Street； went to the City Hall； and delivered himself to the sheriff （Scannell）； who conveyed him to jail and locked him in a cell。 Meantime； the news spread like wildfire； and all the city was in commotion； for grog was very popular。 Nisbet； who boarded with us on Harrison Street； had been delayed at the bank later than usual； so that he happened to be near at the time； and； when he came out to dinner； he brought me the news of this affair； and said that there was every appearance of a riot down…town that night。 This occurred toward the evening of May 14； 1856。
It so happened that； on the urgent solicitation of Van Winkle and of Governor Johnson； I had only a few days before agreed to accept the commission of major…general of the Second Division of Militia； embracing San Francisco。 I had received the commission； but had not as yet formally accepted it； or even put myself in communication with the volunteer companies of the city。 Of these； at that moment of time； there was a company of artillery with four guns； commanded by a Captain Johns； formerly of the army； and two or three uniformed companies of infantry。 After dinner I went down town to see what was going on； found that King had been removed to a room in the Metropolitan Block； that his life was in great peril； that Casey was safe in jail； and the sheriff had called to his assistance a posse of the city police； some citizens； and one of the militia companies。 The people were gathered in groups on the streets； and the words 〃Vigilance Committee〃 were freely spoken； but I saw no signs of immediate violence。 The next morning； I again went to the jail； and found all things quiet； but the militia had withdrawn。 I then went to the City Hall； saw the mayor； Van Ness； and some of the city officials； agreed to do what I could to maintain order with such militia as were on hand； and then formally accepted the commission； and took the 〃oath。〃
In 1851 （when I was not in California） there had been a Vigilance Committee； and it was understood that its organization still existed。 All the newspapers took ground in favor of the Vigilance Committee； except the Herald （John Nugent； editor）； and nearly all the best people favored that means of redress。 I could see they were organizing； hiring rendezvous； collecting arms； etc。； without concealment。 It was soon manifest that the companies of volunteers would go with the 〃committee；〃 and that the public authorities could not rely on them for aid or defense。 Still； there were a good many citizens who contended that； if the civil authorities were properly sustained by the people at large； they could and would execute the law。 But the papers inflamed the public mind； and the controversy spread to the country。 About the third day after the shooting of King； Governor Johnson telegraphed me that he would be down in the evening boat； and asked me to meet him on arrival for consultation。 I got C。 H。 Garrison to go with me； and we met the Governor and his brother on the wharf； and walked up to the International Hotel on Jackson Street； above Montgomery。 We discussed the state of affairs fully； and Johnson； on learning that his particular friend； William T。 Coleman； was the president of the Vigilance Committee； proposed to go and see him。 En route we stopped at King's room； ascertained that he was slowly sinking； and could not live long； and then near midnight we walked to the Turnverein Hall； where the committee was known to be sitting in consultation。 This hall was on Bush Street； at about the intersection of Stockton。 It was all lighted up within； but the door was locked。 The Governor knocked at the door； and on inquiry from inside 〃Who's there？〃gave his name。 After some delay we were admitted into a sort of vestibule； beyond which was a large hall； and we could hear the suppressed voices of a multitude。 We were shown into a bar…room to the right； when the Governor asked to see Coleman。 The man left us； went into the main hall； and soon returned with Coleman； who was pale and agitated。 After shaking hands all round； the Governor said； 〃Coleman； what the devil is the matter here？〃 Coleman said； 〃Governor； it is time this shooting on our streets should stop。〃 The Governor replied； 〃I agree with you perfectly； and have come down； from Sacramento to assist。〃 Coleman rejoined that 〃the people were tired of it； and had no faith in the officers of the law。〃 A general conversation then followed； in which it was admitted that King would die； and that Casey must be executed； but the manner of execution was the thing to be settled； Coleman contending that the people would do it without trusting the courts or the sheriff。 It so happened that at that time Judge Norton was on the bench of the court having jurisdiction； and he was universally recognized as an able and upright man； whom no one could or did mistrust； and it also happened that a grand…jury was then in session。 Johnson argued that the time had passed in California for mobs and vigilance committees； and said if Coleman and associates would use their influence to support the law； he （the Governor） would undertake that； as soon as King died； the grand…jury should indict； that Judge Norton would try the murderer； and the whole proceeding should be as speedy as decency would allow。 Then Coleman said 〃the people had no confidence in Scannell； the sheriff；〃 who was； he said； in collusion with the rowdy element of San Francisco。 Johnson then offered to be personally responsible t