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conditions； the question is too uncertain to make it worth while to linger over it。
〃Rope…climbing〃 is more extraordinary。 The juggler takes his stand in an open space； far from any tree or house。 He is accompanied by a child； and his only impedimenta are a bundle of ropes and an old canvas sack。 The juggler throws one end of the rope up in the air； and the rope； as though drawn by an invisible hook； uncoils and rises straight into the sky until the end disappears； and； soon after； there come tumbling from the blue two arms； two legs； a head and so on； all of which the wizard picks up and crams into the sack。 He next utters a few magic words over it and opens it； and the child steps out； bowing and smiling to the spectators。
This is the usual form taken by this particular sorcery。 It is pretty rare and seems to be practised only by one sect which originated in the North…West Provinces。 It has not yet perhaps been sufficiently investigated to take its place among the evidence mentioned show。 If it were really as I have described； it could hardly be explained save by some strange hallucinatory power emanating from the juggler or illusionist； who influences the audience by suggestion and makes it see what he wishes。 In that case the suggestion or hallucination covers a very extensive area。 In point of fact； onlookers； Europeans； on the balconies of houses at some distance from the crowd of natives； have been known to experience the same influence。 This would be one of the most curious manifestations of that 〃unknown guest〃 of which we shall speak again later when； after enumerating its acts and deeds； we try to investigate and note down the eccentricities of its character。
Levitation in the proper sense of the word； that is to say； the raising； without contact； and floating of an inanimate object or even of a person； might possibly be due to the same hallucinatory power； but hitherto the instances have not been sufficiently numerous or authentic to allow us to draw any conclusions。 Also we shall meet with it again when we come to the chapter treating of the materializations of which it forms part。
THE UNKNOWN GUEST
CHAPTER I。 PHANTASMS OF THE LIVING AND THE DEAD
1
This brings us without any break to the consideration of veridical apparitions and hallucinations and finally to haunted houses。 We all know that the phantasms of the living and the dead have now a whole literature of their own； a literature which owes its birth to the numerous and conscientious enquiries conducted in England； France； Belgium and the United States at the instance of the Society for Psychical Research。 In the presence of the mass of evidence collected； it would be absurd to persist in denying the reality of the phenomena themselves。 It is by this time incontestable that a violent or deep emotion can be transmitted instantaneously from one mind to another； however great the distance that separates the mind experiencing the emotion from the mind receiving the communication。 It is most often manifested by a visual hallucination； more rarely by an auditory hallucination； and； as the most violent emotion which man can undergo is that which grips and overwhelms him at the approach or at the very moment of death； it is nearly always this supreme emotion which he sends forth and directs with incredible precision through space； if necessary across seas and continents； towards an invisible and moving goal。 Again； though this occurs less frequently； a grave danger； a serious crisis can beget and transmit to a distance a similar hallucination。 This is what the S。 P。 R。 calls 〃phantasms of the living。〃 When the hallucination takes place some time after the decease of the person whom it seems to evoke； be the interval long or short； it is classed among the 〃phantasms of the dead。〃
The latter； the so…called 〃phantasms of the dead；〃 are the rarest。 As F。 W。 H。 Myers pointed out in his Human Personality； a consideration of the proportionate number of apparitions observed at various periods before and after death shows that they increase very rapidly for the few hours which precede death and decrease gradually during the hours and days which follow； while after about a year's time they become extremely rare and exceptional。
However exceptional they may be； these apparitions nevertheless exist and are proved； as far as anything can be proved； by abundant testimony of a very precise character。 Instances will be found in the Proceedings； notably in vol。 vi。； pp。 13…65； etc。
Whether it be a case of the living； the dying； or the dead； we are familiar with the usual form which these hallucinations take。 Indeed their main outlines hardly ever vary。 Some one； in his bedroom； in the street； on a journey； no matter where； suddenly see plainly and clearly the phantom of a relation or a friend of whom he was not thinking at the time and whom he knows to be thousands of miles away； in America； Asia or Africa as the case may be； for distance does not count。 As a rule； the phantom says nothing； its presence； which is always brief； is but a sort of silent warning。 Sometimes it seems a prey to futile and trivial anxieties。 More rarely； it speaks； though saying but little after all。 More rarely still； it reveals something that has happened； a crime； a hidden treasure of which no one else could know。 But we will return to these matters after completing this brief enumeration。
2
The phenomenon of haunted houses resembles that of the phantasms of the dead； except that here the ghost clings to the residence； the house； the building and in no way to the persons who inhabit it。 By the second year of its existence； that is to say； 1884； the Committee on Haunted Houses of the S。 P。 R。 had selected and made an analysis of some sixty…five cases out of hundreds submitted to it； twenty…eight of which rested upon first…hand and superior evidence。＇1＇ It is worthy of remark； in the first place； that these authentic narratives bear no relation whatever to the legendary and sensational ghost…stories that still linger in many English and American magazines； especially in the Christmas numbers。 They mention no winding…sheets； coffins； skeletons； graveyards； no sulphurous flames； curses； blood…curdling groans； no clanking chains； nor any of the time…honoured trappings that characterize this rather feeble literature of the supernatural。 On the contrary； the scenes enacted in houses that appear to be really haunted are generally very simple and insignificant； not to say dull and commonplace。 The ghosts are quite unpretentious and go to no expense in the matter of staging or costume。 They are clad as they were when； sometimes many years ago； they led their quiet； unadventurous life within their own home。 We find in one case an old woman； with a thin grey shawl meekly folded over her breast； who bends at night over the sleeping occupants of her old home； or who is frequently encountered in the hall or on the stairs； silent； mysterious； a little grim。 Or else it is the gentleman with a lacklustre eye and a figured dressing…gown who walks along a passage brilliantly illuminated with an inexplicable light。 Or again we have another elderly lady； dressed in black； who is often found seated in the bay window of her drawing…room。 When spoken to； she rises and seems on the point of replying； but says nothing。 When pursued or met in a corner； she eludes all contact and vanishes。 Strings are fastened across the staircase with glue； she passes and the strings remain as they were。 The ghostand this happens in the majority of casesis seen by all the people staying in the house： relatives； friends； old servants and new。 Can it be a matter of suggestion； of collective hallucination？ At any rate； strangers； visitors who have had nothing said to them； see it as the others do and ask； innocently： 〃Who is the lady in mourning whom I met in the dining…room？〃
＇1＇ Proceedings； vol。 i。； pp。 101…115； vol。 ii。； pp。 137…151； vol。 viii。； pp。 311； 332； etc。
If it is a case of collective suggestion； we should have to admit that it is a subconscious suggestion emitted without the knowledge of the participants； which indeed is quite possible。
Though they belong to the same order； I will not here mention the exploits of what the Germans call the Poltergeist； which take the form of flinging stones； ringing bells； turning mattresses； upsetting furniture and so forth。 These matters are always open to suspicion and really appear to be nothing but quaint frolics of hysterical subjects or of mediums indulging their sense of humour。 The manifestations of the Poltergeist are fairly numerous and the reader will find several instances in the Proceedings and especially in the Journal of the S。 P。 R。
As for communications with the dead； I devoted a whole chapter to these in my own essay entitled Our Eternity and will not return to them now。 It will be enough to recall and recapitulate my general impression； that probably the dead did not enter into any of these conversations。 We are here concerned with purely mediumistic phenomena； more curious and mere subtle than those of table…rapping； but of the same character； and these manifestations； however astonishing they may be； do not pierce the terrestrial sphere wherein