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or whom the most repellent fractions and roots possess hardly any secrets： they distinguish sounds； colours； and scents； read the time on the face of a watch； recognize certain geometrical figures； likenesses and photographs。
Following on these more and more conclusive experiments and especially after the publication of Krall's great work； Denkende Tiere； a model of precision and arrangement； men's minds were faced with clear and definite problem which； this time； could not be challenged。 Scientific committees followed one another at Elberfeld； and their reports became legion。 Learned men of every countryincluding Dr。 Edinger； the eminent Frankfort neurologist； Professors Dr。 H。 Kraemer and H。 E。 Ziegler； of Stuttgart； Dr。 Paul Saresin； of Bale； Professor Ostwald； of Berlin； Professor A。 Beredka； of the Pasteur Institute； Dr。 E。 Clarapede； of the university of Geneva； Professor Schoeller and Professor Gehrke； the natural philosopher； of Berlin； Professor Goldstein； of Darmstadt； Professor von Buttel…Reepen； of Oldenburg； Professor William Mackenzie； of Genoa； Professor R。 Assagioli； of Florence； Dr。 Hartkopf； of Cologne； Dr。 Freudenberg； of Brussels； Dr。 Ferrari； of Bologna； etc。； etc。； for the list is lengthening dailycame to study on the spot the inexplicable phenomenon which Dr。 Clarapede proclaims to be 〃the most sensational event that has ever happened in the psychological world。〃
With the exception of two or three sceptics or convinced misoneists and of those who made too short a stay at Elberfeld； all were unanimous in recognizing that the facts were as stated and that the experiments were conducted with absolute fairness。 Disagreement begins only when it becomes a matter of commenting on them； interpreting them and explaining them。
4
To complete this short preamble； it is right to add that； for some time past； the case of the Elberfeld horses no longer stands quite alone。 There exists at Mannheim a dog of a rather doubtful breed who performs almost the same feats as his equine rivals。 He is less advanced than they in arithmetic； but does little additions； subtractions and multiplications of one or two figures correctly。 He reads and writes by tapping with his paw； in accordance with an alphabet which； it appears； he has thought out for himself； and his spelling also is simplified and phoneticized to the utmost。 He distinguishes the colour in a bunch of flowers； counts the money in a purse and separates the marks from the pfennigs。 He knows how to seek and find words to define the object or the picture placed before him。 You show him； for instance； a bouquet in a vase and ask him what it is。
〃A glass with little flowers；〃 he replies。
And his answers are often curiously spontaneous and original。 In the course of a reading…exercise in which the word Herbst； autumn； chanced to attract attention； Professor William Mackenzie asked him if he could explain what autumn was。
〃It is the time when there are apples；〃 Rolf replied。
On the same occasion； the same professor； without knowing what it represented； held out to him a card marked with red and blue squares：
〃What's this？〃
〃Blue； red； lots of cubes；〃 replied the dog。
Sometimes his repartees are not lacking in humour。
〃Is there anything you would like me to do for you？〃 a lady of his acquaintance asked； one day。
And Master Rolf gravely answered：
〃Wedelen；〃 which means； 〃Wag your tail！〃
Rolf； whose fame is comparatively young； has not yet； like his illustrious rivals of the Rhine Province； been the object of minute enquiries and copious and innumerable reports。 But the incidents which I have just mentioned and which are vouched for by such men as Professor Mackenzie and M。 Duchatel； the learned and clear…sighted vice…president of the Societe Universelle d'Etudes Psychiques；＇1＇ who went to Mannheim for the express purpose of studying them； appear to be no more controvertible than the Elbenfeld occurrences； of which they are a sort of replica or echo。 It is not unusual to find these coincidences amongst abnormal phenomena。 They spring up simultaneously in different quarters of the globe； correspond with one another and multiply as though in obedience to a word of command。 It is probable therefore that we shall see still more manifestations of the same class。 One might almost say that a new spirit is passing over the world and； after awakening in man forces whereof he was not aware； is now reaching other creatures who with us inhabit this mysterious earth； on which they live； suffer and die； as we do； without knowing why。
＇1＇ See the interesting lecture by M。 Edmond Duchatel； published in the Annales des Sciences Psychiques； October 1913。
5
I have not been to Mannheim； but I made my pilgrimage to Elberfeld and stayed long enough in the town to carry away with me the conviction shared by all those who have undertaken the journey。
A few months ago； Herr Krall； whom I had promised the year before that I would come and see his wonderful horses； was kind enough to repeat his invitation in a more pressing fashion； adding that his stable would perhaps be broken up after the 15th of September and that； in any case； be would be obliged； by his doctor's orders； to interrupt for an indefinite period a course of training which he found exceedingly fatiguing。
I at once left for Elberfeld； which； as everybody knows； is an important manufacturing…town in Rhenish Prussia and is； in fact； more quaint； pleasing and picturesque than one might expect。 I had long since read everything that had been published on the question； and I was wholly persuaded of the genuineness of the incidents。 Indeed it would be difficult to have any doubts after the repeated and unremitting supervision and verification to which the experiments are subjected； a supervision which is of the most rigorous type； often hostile and almost ill…mannered。 As for their interpretation； I was convinced that telepathy； that is to say； the transmission of thought from one subconsciousness to another； remained； however strange it might be in this new region； the only acceptable theory； and this in spite of certain circumstances that seemed plainly to exclude it。 In default of telepathy proper； I inclined toward the mediumistic or subliminal theory； which was very ably outlined by M。 de Vesmes in a remarkable lecture delivered； on the 22nd of December； 1912； before the Societe Universelle d'Etudes Psychiques。 It is true that telepathy； especially when carried to its extreme limits； appeals above all to the subliminal forces； so that the two theories overlap at more than one point and it is often difficult to make out where the first ends and the second begins。 But this discussion will be more appropriate a little later。
6
I found Herr Krall in his goldsmith's shop； a sort of palace of Golconda； streaming and glittering with the most precious pearls and stones on earth。 Herr Krall； it is well to remember； in order to dispel any suspicion of pecuniary interest； is a rich manufacturer whose family for three generations； from father to son； have conducted one of the most important jewelry businesses in Germany。 His researches； so far from bringing him the least profit； cost him a great deal of money； take up all his leisure and some part of the time which he would otherwise devote to his business and； as usually happens； procure him from his fellow citizens and from not a few scientific men more annoyance； unfair criticism and sarcasm than consideration or gratitude。 His work is preeminently the disinterested and thankless task of the apostle and pioneer。
For the rest； Herr Kraft； though his faith is active； zealous and infectious； has nothing in common with the visionaries or illuminati。 He is a man of about fifty； vigorous； alert and enthusiastic； but at the same time well…balanced； accesible to every idea and even to every dream； yet practical and methodical； with a ballast of the most invincible common…sense。 He inspires from the outset that fine confidence； frank and unrestrained； which instantly disperses the instinctive doubt； the strange uneasiness and the veiled suspicion that generally separate two people who meet for the first time； and one welcomes in him； from the very depths of one's being； the honest man； the staunch friend whom one can trust and whom one is sorry not to have known earlier in life。
We go together through the streets and along the bustling quays of Elberfeld to the stable； situated at a few hundred steps from the shop。 The horses are taking the air outside the doors of their boxes； in the yard shaded by a lime…tree。 There are four of them： Mohammed； the most intelligent； the most gifted of them all； the great mathematician of the party； his double； Zarif； a little less advanced； less tractable； craftier； but at the same time more fanciful； more spontaneous and capable of occasional disconcerting sallies； next； Hanschen； a little Shetland pony； hardly bigger than a Newfoundland dog； the street…urchin of the band； always quivering with excitement； roguish； flighty； uncertain and passionate； but ready in a moment to work you out the most difficult addition and multiplication sums with a furious scrape of the hoof； and lastly the latest arrival； the plump