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athom water； a mile from the isle； and within a reef of the rocks which lay in a half…moon； reaching from the north part of the island to the south…east； so at noon we got in and anchored in thirty…six fathom； a mile from the isle。
In the afternoon I sent my boat ashore to the island； to see what convenience there was to haul our vessel ashore in order to be mended； and whether we could catch any fish。 My men in the boat rowed about the island； but could not land by reason of the rocks and a great surge running in upon the shore。 We found variation here； 8 degrees 25 minutes west。
I designed to have stayed among these islands till I got my pinnace refitted； but having no more than one man who had skill to work upon her； I saw she would be a long time in repairing （which was one great reason why I could not prosecute my discoveries further）； and the easterly winds being set in； I found I should scarce be able to hold my ground。
The 31st； in the forenoon； we shot in between two islands； lying about four leagues asunder； with intention to pass between them。 The southernmost is a long island； with a high hill at each end； this I named Long Island。 The northernmost is a round high island towering up with several heads or tops； something resembling a crown； this I named Crown Isle from its form。 Both these islands appeared very pleasant； having spots of green savannahs mixed among the wood…land： the trees appeared very green and flourishing； and some of them looked white and full of blossoms。 We passed close by Crown Isle； saw many cocoa…nut trees on the bays and sides of the hills； and one boat was coming off from the shore； but returned again。 We saw no smoke on either of the islands； neither did we see any plantations； and it is probable they are not very well peopled。 We saw many shoals near Crown Island； and reefs of rocks running off from the points a mile or more into the sea： my boat was once overboard； with design to have sent her ashore； but having little wind； and seeing some shoals； I hoisted her in again； and stood off out of danger。
In the afternoon； seeing an island bearing north…west…by…west； we steered away north…west…by…north； to be to the northward of it。 The next morning； being about midway from the islands we left yesterday； and having this to the westward of us； the land of the main of New Guinea within us to the southward； appeared very high。 When we came within four or five leagues of this island to the west of us； four boats came off to view us； one came within call； but returned with the other three without speaking to us； so we kept on for the island； which I named Sir R。 Rich's Island。 It was pretty high； woody； and mixed with savannahs like those formerly mentioned。 Being to the north of it； we saw an opening between it and another island two leagues to the west of it； which before appeared all in one。 The main seemed to be high land； trending to the westward。
On Tuesday； the 2nd of April； about eight in the morning； we discovered a high…peaked island to the westward； which seemed to smoke at its top： the next day we passed by the north side of the Burning Island； and saw smoke again at its top； but the vent lying on the south side of the peak； we could not observe it distinctly； nor see the fire。 We afterwards opened three more islands； and some land to the southward； which we could not well tell whether it were islands or part of the main。 These islands are all high； full of fair trees and spots of great savannahs； as well the Burning Isle as the rest； but the Burning Isle was more round and peaked at top； very fine land near the sea； and for two…thirds up it： we also saw another isle sending forth a great smoke at once； but it soon vanished； and we saw it no more； we saw also among these islands three small vessels with sails； which the people of Nova Britannia seem wholly ignorant of。
The 11th； at noon； having a very good observation； I found myself to the northward of my reckoning； and thence concluded that we had a current setting north…west； or rather more westerly； as the land lies。 From that time to the next morning we had fair clear weather； and a fine moderate gale from south…east to east…by…north： but at daybreak the clouds began to fly； and it lightened very much in the east； south…east； and north…east。 At sun…rising； the sky looked very red in the east near the horizon； and there were many black clouds both to the south and north of it。 About a quarter of an hour after the sun was up； there was a squall to the windward of us； when on sudden one of our men on the forecastle called out that he saw something astern； but could not tell what： I looked out for it； and immediately saw a spout beginning to work within a quarter of a mile of us； exactly in the wind： we presently put right before it。 It came very swiftly； whirling the water up in a pillar about six or seven yards high。 As yet I could not see any pendulous cloud； from whence it might come； and was in hopes it would soon lose its force。 In four or five minutes' time it came within a cable's length of us； and passed away to leeward； and then I saw a long pale stream coming down to the whirling water。 This stream was about the bigness of a rainbow： the upper end seemed vastly high； not descending from any dark cloud； and therefore the more strange to me； I never having seen the like before。 It passed about a mile to leeward of us； and then broke。 This was but a small spout； not strong nor lasting； yet I perceived much wind in it as it passed by us。 The current still continued at north…west a little westerly； which I allowed to run a mile per hour。
By an observation the 13th； at noon； I found myself 25 minutes to the northward of my reckoning； whether occasioned by bad steerage； a bad account； or a current； I could not determine； but was apt to judge it might be a complication of all； for I could not think it was wholly the current； the land here lying east…by…south； and west… by…north； or a little more northerly and southerly。 We had kept so nigh as to see it； and at farthest had not been above twenty leagues from it； but sometimes much nearer； and it is not probable that any current should set directly off from a land。 A tide indeed may； but then the flood has the same force to strike in upon the shore； as the ebb to strike off from it： but a current must have set nearly along shore； either easterly or westerly； and if anything northerly or southerly； it could be but very little in comparison of its east or west course； on a coast lying as this doth； which yet we did not perceive。 If therefore we were deceived by a current； it is very probable that the land is here disjoined； and that there is a passage through to the southward； and that the land from King William's Cape to this place is an island； separated from New Guinea by some strait； as Nova Britannia is by that which we came through。 But this being at best but a probable conjecture； I shall insist no farther upon it。
The 14th we passed by Scouten's Island； and Providence Island； and found still a very strong current setting to the north…west。 On the 17th we saw a high mountain on the main； that sent forth great quantities of smoke from its top： this volcano we did not see in our voyage out。 In the afternoon we discovered King William's Island； and crowded all the sail we could to get near it before night； thinking to lie to the eastward of it till day； for fear of some shoals that lie at the west end of it。 Before night we got within two leagues of it； and having a fine gale of wind and a light moon； I resolved to pass through in the night； which I hoped to do before twelve o'clock； if the gale continued； but when we came within two miles of it； it fell calm： yet afterwards by the help of the current； a small gale； and our boat； we got through before day。 In the night we had a very fragrant smell from the island。 By morning light we were got two leagues to the westward of it； and then were becalmed all the morning； and met such whirling tides； that when we came into them； the ship turned quite round： and though sometimes we had a small gale of wind； yet she could not feel the helm when she came into these whirlpools： neither could we get from amongst them； till a brisk gale sprang up： yet we drove not much any way； but whirled round like a top。 And those whirlpools were not constant to one place but drove about strangely： and sometimes we saw among them large ripplings of the water； like great over…falls making a fearful noise。 I sent my boat to sound； but found no ground。
The 18th Cape Mabo bore south； distance nine leagues； by which account it lies in the latitude of 50 minutes south； and meridian distance from Cape St。 George one thousand two hundred and forty… three miles。 St。 John's Isle lies forty…eight miles to the east of Cape St。 George； which being added to the distance between Cape St。 George and Cape Mabo； makes one thousand two hundred and ninety…one meridional parts； which was the furthest that I was to the east。 In my outward…bound voyage I made meridian distance between Cape Mabo and Cape St。 George； one thousand two hundred and ninety miles； and now in my return； but one thousand two hundred and forty…t