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But we have seen； from the results of the before…mentioned experiments； that when the bread was baked under circumstances the most favourable to the economy of fuel； no less than 80 lbs。 of pine…wood were employed in heating the oven to bake 304 lbs。 of bread； which gives less than 4 lbs。 of bread to each pound of wood； consequently； TWO THIRDS at least of the heat generated in the combustion of the fuel must； in that case； have been lost； and in all the other experiments the loss of heat appears to have been still much greater。
A considerable loss of heat in baking will always be inevitable； but it seems probable； that this loss might； with proper attention to the construction of the oven； and to the management of the fire； be reduced at least to one half the quantity generated from the fuel in its combustion。 In the manner in which the baking business is now generally carried on； much more than three quarters of the heat generated； or which might be generated from the fuel consumed； is lost。
APPENDIX； No VIII。
The following Account of the Persons in the House of Industry in Dublin； the 30th of April 1796； and of the Details of the Manner and Expence of feeding them； was given to the Author； by order of the Governors of that Institution。
Average of the Description of Poor for the Week ending 30th of April 1796。 Males。 Females。 Total。 Employed 74 352 426 Infirm and Incurable 172 585 757 Idiots 16 13 29 Blind 5 10 16 … … 267 960 1227 In the Infirmary。 Sick Patients； Servants； etc。 88 200 ｝ ｝ 343 Lunaticks 15 40 ｝ Total 1570
Employed at actual labour 322 Persons。 Ditto at menial offices 104 ditto … Total 426
Amongst the 1570 Persons above mentioned； are 282 Children and 447 compelled Persons。
Of the Children； 205 are taught to spell； read； and write。
Saturday； April 30； 1796。
1227 Persons fed at Breakfast。
120 Servants in New…House； a 8 oz。 bread 60 ｝ lbs。 loaves lb。 value。 336 Incurables； Children； etc。 ｝ 186 is 41 1 1/2 L。 1 14 a 6 ditto 126 ｝ 771 Workers； etc。 got Stirabout。 … 1227
Weight of meal for Stirabout 4 cwt。 costs L。 3 1 8
120 Servants in New…House ｝ get 1 quart butter…milk Gal。 P。｝ each 30 0 ｝ 167 gallons of 1084 Workers； Incurables； etc。 ｝ butter…milk 1 pint ditto 135 4 ｝ value 1 L。 23 Sucklers get no butter…milk ｝ … Allowed for waste 1 4 ｝ 1227
Brought down； L。 5 15 8 s。 d。 Fuel to cook the Stirabout； 3 bush。 cost 2 3 ｝ ｝ 0 3 0 1/2 Salt for ditto； 1 qr。 3 lb cost 0 9 1/2 ｝ … The Breakfast cost L。 5 18 8 1/2
Quantity of water； 5 barrels 6 gallons。
1227 Persons fed at Dinner。BREAD and MEAL POTTAGE。 120 Servants a 9 oz。 68 ｝ bread ｝ lbs。 loaves。 lb。 value。 1107 Workers； Incurables； ｝ 621 1/2 is 138 0 1/2 L。 5 10 4 etc。 8 oz。 ditto553 1/2｝ Weight of meal for the pottage； 1 cwt。 3 qrs。 0 13 5 Pepper for ditto； half a pound 0 1 1 Ginger for ditto； 1 pound 0 1 3 Salt for ditto； 21 pound 0 0 7 Fuel for ditto； 3 bushels 2 pecks 0 2 7 1/2 … Dinner cost L。 6 9 3 1/2
SUPPER。
For 165 Sickly Women on 6 oz； bread。 62 ｝ lbs。 loaves lb。 value。 251 Children； 3 oz。 do。 47 ｝ 109 is 24 1 0 19 11
N。B。 The expenses of Food for the Hospital； in which there are 343 persons； is not included in the above account。
Sunday； May 1； 1796。 1220 Persons fed at Breakfast。
120 Servants； a 8 oz。 bread。 330 Incurables； Children； etc。 6 oz。 do。 770 Workers； etc。 get Stirabout。 … 1220 Persons。
The same quantity of provisions delivered this day for Breakfast as on Saturday； and cost the same： viz。 5L。 18s。 8 1/2d。
1220 Persons fed at Dinner。BREAD； BEEF and BROTH。 Cost 120 Servants； a 9 oz。 bread； 68 ｝ lbs。 loaves lbs。 L。 s。 d。 1100 Workers； Incurables； etc。 ｝ 618 is 137 1 1/2 5 9 6 8 do。 550 ｝ … 1220 Persons。 Cwt。 qrs。 lbs。 Weight of raw beef； 4 2 10 Allowed for bone； 1 0 0 … 5 2 10 7 19 3 Meal for the broth； 1 2 0 1 3 1 1/2 Waste bread for do。 1 0 0 0 0 0 Salt for do。 0 0 24 0 0 8 Pepper for do。 0 0 0 1/2 0 1 1 Fuel； 4 bushels 2 pecks； 0 3 4 1/2 … Total L。 14 17 0
SUPPER。
The same number of women and children as yesterday； and the Supper cost the same： viz。 19s。 11d。
Wednesday； May 4； 1796。
1216 Persons fed at Breakfast。
120 Servants in New…House； a 8 oz。 bread 334 Incurables； Children； etc。 a 6 oz。 do。 762 Workers； etc。 get Stirabout。 … 1216 Persons。
The same quantity of provisions； etc。 delivered this day for Breakfast as for Saturday； and cost the same： viz。 8L 18s。 8 1/2d。
1216 Persons fed at Dinner。CALECANNON and BEER。
Cost。 Weight of raw potatoes Cwt。 qrs。 lbs。 L。 s。 d。 for Calecannon； 19 0 0 3 6 6 An allowance for waste； 1 0 0 … Weight used； 18 0 0 Raw greens for ditto； 8 0 0 1 6 0 Butter for ditto； 1 0 0 3 12 0 Pepper for ditto； 0 0 0 1/2 0 1 1 Ginger for ditto； 0 0 1 0 1 3 Onions for ditto； 0 0 14 0 2 0 Salt for ditto； 0 0 24 0 0 8 Fuel； 4 bushels 2 pecks； 0 3 4 Time of boiling about four hours。
1193 Persons get 1 ｝ pint of beer Galls。 p。 ｝ Barrs。 each； making 149 1 ｝Galls。 Galls。 23 On the breast ｝ 151 is 3 31 2 5 3 get no beer。 ｝ 1216 ｝ Allowed for ｝ waste； 1 7 ｝
Bread to Incurables and Children on the breast； 43 loaves； 1 15 4 … Total L。 12 13 5
SUPPER。
The same number of Women and Children as on Saturday； and cost the same： viz。 19s 11d。
N。B。 All these accounts are in avoirdupois weight； and Irish money。
APPENDIX； No IX。
An Account of an EXPERIMENT made （under the Direction of the AUTHOR） in the Kitchen of the HOUSE of INDUSTRY at DUBLIN； in COOKING for the POOR。
May the 6th； 1796； a dinner was provided for 927 persons of Calecannon； a kind of food in great repute in Ireland； composed of Potatoes； boiled and mashed； mixed with about one…fifth of their weight of boiled Greens； cut fine with sharp shovels； and seasoned with butter； onions； salt； pepper； and ginger。 The ingredients were boiled in a very large iron boiler； of a circular； or rather hemispherical form； capable of containing near 400 gallons； and remarkably thick and heavy。 273 gallons of pump water were put into this boiler； and the following Table will show； in a satisfactory manner； the progress and the result of the experiment：
Heat Contents of the Boiler Fuel laid of the Time。 on Coals。 Liquid Quantity Pecks Weight Ingredients。 Gall。 lbs。 7h 48m 4 106 lb。 55 Water to boil 273 8h 15m 1 26 1/2 the Greens 40m 1 26 1/2 and Potatoes 9h 0m 1 26 1/2 15m 2 53 80 30m 1 26 1/2 90 45m 2 53 110 10h 0m 1 26 1/2 150 20m 212 The Greens were now put 295 1/2 in。 2m 180 30m 1 26 1/2 190 45m 212 11h the Greens taken out and 1615 Potatoes put in。 11h 10m 2 53 180 20m 1 26 1/2 200 30m 212